Disease Control in Korean Aquaculture
|
|
- Nicholas Heath
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Fish Pathology, 44 (1), The Japanese Society of Fish Pathology Disease Control in Korean Aquaculture Soo Il Park* Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, College of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan , Republic of Korea ABSTRACT As the mariculture technique had been developed, annual production of shallow water cultures exceeded that of adjacent water fisheries in recent years in Korea. For reducing production losses from infectious diseases in fish aquaculture, various strategies were employed including treatment of effective chemotherapeutics, development of herbal immunostimulants and vaccination, etc. For the treatment of bacterial diseases, 27 antibacterial agents have been used under government license. Frequent use of these drugs was accompanied with occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria. Recently, new bacterial diseases have occurred in cultured fishes. As the studying on the control activities of medicinal herbs to bacterial growth, the wormwood Artemisia asiatica, the Galla rhois Rhus javanica and the veiled lady mushroom Dictyophora indusiata were revealed high antibacterial activities to the Gram-positive and negative bacteria. For the enhancement of nonspecific immune response in mariculture fish, medicinal herbs and other several materials were investigated as immunostimulants. s Paralichthys olivaceus fed on the diet supplemented with 0.1% extract mixture of the wormwood and the barrenwort Epimedium koreanum showed higher relative percent survival (RPS), when they were challenged with bacterial pathogens. To prevent various infectious diseases, two vaccines were developed and commercially available including vaccines on Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae. Key words: immunostimulant, vaccine, herbal medicine, fish pathogen The status of disease occurrence in Korea In Korea, as the aquaculture industry had been developed with the advancing scientific technology, production losses were also increased from infection of various diseases in recent years. However, fish mortality is not the only criterion to evaluate the damage effects of fish disease. The morbidity, which leads to weight loss and poor growth in surviving fish also contributes substantial losses to the farmers. Recently, controlling pathogens is taken as the most important factor to maintain healthy stocks to enhance production. Many fish diseases are believed to be caused by bacterial pathogens. They occur in nursery and rearing ponds causing serious concern to fish farmers. Some of them often wipe out the entire population of fish. Some of the important bacterial pathogens are Edwardsiella tarda, streptococci including Streptococcus iniae, Streptococcus parauberis and Lactococcus garvieae, Vibrio anguillarum (Listonella anguillara) and Vibrio harveyi. They have been identified as most com- * Corresponding author parksi@pknu.ac.kr This paper was presented in 5th International Symposium of the Japanese Society for Fish Pathology held in Tokyo (October 18 19, 2008). monly encountered agents in fish diseases. In addition, Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, Vibrio ichthyoenteri, Pseudomonas sp. and Tenacibaculum maritimum were also included. Viruses are known as notorious pathogens, which can cause severe fish diseases, especially red sea bream iridoviral disease (RSIVD), viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) and viral nervous necrosis (VNN). Fish can be attacked on their gills and skin by many parasites. The parasites are scuticociliates causing the scuticociliatidosis, Trichodina spp. causing the trichodinosis, Microcotyle sebastis, Dactylogyrus spp., Bivagina tai and Gyrodactyrus spp. causing the monogenean infestation and Allela macrotrachelus causing the crustacean infestation (Table 1). The strategy of the disease control The basic strategies are either by pathogen control with chemotherapeutics, medicinal herbs or by host control with vaccines and immunostimulants. In Korea, 27 antibacterial agents have been used including 23 antibiotics and 4 sulfa drugs. The frequent use of these drugs often results in occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria, remnants of antibiotics in the fish products and environmental contamination. Therefore, the treatment of
2 20 S. I. Park Table 1. Major diseases of mariculture fishes in Korea Group Disease Causative agent Affected species* Lymphocystis disease Lymphocystis disease virus (LDV) Many fishes Red seabream iridoviral disease Red sea bream, Red sea bream iridovirus (RSIV) (RSIVD) Rock bream Rhabdoviral infection Hirame rhabdovirus (HIRRV) Viral Birnavirus infection Yellowtail ascites virus (YTAV) disease Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) Piscine nodavirus Several fishes Viral ascites Yellowtail ascites virus (YTAV) Yellowtail Viral hemorrhagic septicemia (VHS) Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) Viral epidermal hyperplasia Flounder herpesvirus (FHV) Vibriosis Vibrio anguillarum (Listonella anguillara), Vibrio harveyi Several fishes Bacterial enteritis Vibrio ichthyoenteri Larvae of olive flounder Bacterial Photobacterium infection Photobacterium damselae subsp. damseke Several fishes disease Pseudomonas infection Pseudomonas sp. Several fishes Edwardsiellosis Edwardsiella tarda Several fishes Gliding bacterial disease Tenacibaculum maritimum Several fishes Streptococcicosis Streptococcus iniae, S. parauberis Lactococcus garvieae, etc. Several fishes Scuticociliatidosis Scuticociliatida Several fishes Trichodinosis Trichodina spp. Several fishes Parasitic Microcotyle sebastis, Bivagina tai Black rockfish disease Monogenean infestation Dactylogyrus spp., Gyrodactyrus spp. Other fishes Crustacean infestation Allela macrotrachelus Several fishes * Red sea bream, Pagrus major ; Rock bream, Oplegnathus fasciatus;, Paralichthys olivaceus; Yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata; Black rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Table 2. Studies on the antibacterial activity of medicinal herbs to fish pathogens Herb Botanic name Extract Reference Liquorice, etc. Glycyrrhiza uralensis, etc. Hot water, Ethanol Choi et al., 2004 Jung et al., 2001 Galla rhois Rhus javanica* Various solvents Choi et al., 2005a White mulberry Morus alba Hot water Mok et al., 2001b Selfheal, etc. Prunella vulgaris, etc. Hot water Moon et al., 2006 Methanol Moon and Heo, 2007 Cinnamon Cinnamomum cassia Ethanol Mok et al., 2001c Red sage Salvia miltiorriza Ethanol Mok et al., 2001a Green tea Camellia sinensis Dried Park et al., 1999 Veiled lady mushroom Dictyophora indusiata Ethanol Jo et al., 2002 Cactus opuntia Opuntia ficus Hydrolysis compound Jung et al., 2008 * With cocoon of Melaphis chinensis. medicinal herbs and vaccination would be alternative and more promising ways to prevent fish from infectious diseases. Many studies showed that the medicinal herbs and indigenous plants can replace the antibiotics (Table 2). The wormwood Artemisia asiatica, Galla rhois Rhus javanica and veiled lady mushroom Dictyophora indusiata showed strong antibacterial activities both to the Gram negative and to Gram positive bacteria. The hot water extract of wormwood had higher growth inhibition activity to 36 fish pathogenic bacterial strains including vibrios, E. tarda and streptococci. The ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate extracts of Galla rhois showed the higher antibacterial activities in the tested 19 fish pathogenic bacterial strains (Choi et al., 2005a). MBT which was hydrolyzed compound of the stem of cactus opuntia Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten also showed an excellent antimicrobial activity against the tested 18 fish pathogenic bacterial strains (Table 3). Ethanol extract of veiled lady mushroom was found to be the
3 Review articles of JSFP2008 Disease control in Korea 21 Table 3. Antimicrobial activity of MBT on the fish pathogenic bacteria (Jung et al., 2008) Microorganisms MBT (mg) Commercial discs OTC Am Edwardsiella tarda 40 * Vibrio anguillarum Vibrio sp Lactococcus garvieae Streptococcus parauberis Streptococcus iniae MBT-01108, hydrolysis compound of the stem of cactus opuntia Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten; OTC, oxytetracycline 30 mg/disc; Am, ampicillin 10 mg/disc. * Diameter (mm) of inhibitory zone. most potent antibacterial activity against all the tested fish pathogenic bacteria (Jo et al., 2002). As the host control strategy, we have used vaccines and immunostimulants. Vaccination with good health management appears to be the most effective way to control infectious diseases these days in fish farms. Therefore, vaccination has become a standard procedure to control fish diseases among countries in Europe and North America. Several kinds of vaccines against the viral and the bacterial pathogens were also developed in Korea (Table 4). Vaccines against the bacteria, E. tarda and S. iniae were already developed and commercially available now. The effectiveness of immersion vaccine of E. tarda against edwardsiellosis of olive flounder was evaluated in a field trial test (Table 5). The two-fold diluted E. tarda formalin-killed cells (FKC) was administrated by immersion for two minutes to 3,000 fingerlings and 5,000 juveniles of olive flounder. Relative percent survivals (RPS) for two vaccinated groups of the fingerlings and juveniles were 94.9% and 92.4%, respectively (Bang et al., 2000). Streptococcal infections were also considered as a serious problem because of significant economic losses in fish farm industry. Fortunately, effective Streptococcus iniae FKC vaccine for olive flounder was developed and the fish immunized intraperitoneally with the 0.3% FKC as prime and booster exhibited the RPS of 66.7% and 87.5%, respectively (Cho et al., 2006) (Table 6). Recently, the rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) vaccine with recombinant protein was also developed and showed excellent effect with high RPS (Do et al., 2006). Immunostimulants are valuable for the control of fish diseases and may be useful to fish culture. The immunostimulatory effects of cactus opuntia Opuntia Table 4. Vaccines licensed for aquaculture in Korea Fish Pathogen Administration route Vaccine mode Paralichthys olivaceus Edwardsiella tarda Immersion FKC * Paralichthys olivaceus Rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus * FKC, formalin-killed cells. Streptococcus iniae Injection FKC Iridovirus Injection Recombinant protein Table 5. Cumulative mortality and relative percent survival (RPS) of olive flounder against edwardsiellosis after vaccination with 0.5% formalin-killed bacterin Fish body Observation Treatment No. of dead fish Cause of death RPS * (%) weight (g) period (month) group (Cumulative mortality, %) 51.4 Jun Oct Edwardsiellosis 6 ( 0.2) 94.8 Vaccination (n = 3,000) (5 months) Other diseases 73 ( 2.4) 93.1 Edwardsiellosis 116 ( 3.9) Control Other diseases 1,060 (35.3) 1.2 Mar Nov Vaccination 63 ( 1.26) 94.4 (n = 5,000) (9 months) Control 1,127 (22.54) * RPS = [1 (cumulative mortality of vaccinated group/cumulative mortality of control group)] 100.
4 22 S. I. Park Table 6. Cumulative mortality and relative percent survival (RPS) of olive flounder with Streptococcus iniae after vaccination with 0.3% formalin-killed bacterin (Cho et al., 2006) Treatment Fish body No. of fish Cumulative group weight (g) challenged mortality (%) RPS * Prime injection Booster injection Control ** Fish were challenged with cells of S. iniae 3 weeks after vaccination. * RPS (see Table 5) **Control fish received physiological saline only. Table 7. The results of screening of dietary supplements as immunostimulant to fish Ingredient Botanical name Fish Effect Reference Chinese wolfberry, Lycium chinense Nile tilapia Hwang et al., 1999 etc. etc. Resistant to E. tarda Jung et al., 2002 Siberian ginseng Eleutherococcus senticosus Resistant to E. tarda and Won et al., 2008 V. anguillarum Red ginseng Panax ginseng Israeli carp Immunity Choi et al., 2005b Mistletoe Viscum album Japanese eel Selfheal Prunella vulgaris Vegetable silkworm Paecilomyces japonica Resistant to A. hydrophila Survival rate Growth Choi et al., 2008 Kim et al., 2007 Lee et al., 2002 Cactus opuntia Opuntia ficus Resistant to E. tarda and Jee et al., 2007 S. iniae * Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus;, Paralichthys olivaceus; Israeli carp, Cyprinus carpio; Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. ficus, Siberian ginseng Eleutherococcus senticosus, selfheal Prunella vulgaris and various medicinal herbs on fish have been reported (Table 7). These immunostimulants mainly facilitate the function of phagocytic cells and increase their bactericidal activities. Several immunostimulants also stimulate complement, lysozyme and antibody responses of fish. The activities of these immunological functions are associated with increasing the protection capability against infectious disease. Some of their resistances were evaluated to bacterial pathogens such as vibrios, streptococci and E. tarda. One of the results, olive flounder fed on the diet supplemented with 0.1% wormwood and barrenwort mixture exhibited the higher RPS compared with the control after a challenge test of bacterial fish pathogen (Jung et al., 2002). Chinese wolfberry Lycium chinense showed elevated bactericidal activity in the serum of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus and revealed the higher RPS when they were challenged with CFU/mL of E. tarda, intraperitoneally (Hwang et al., 1999). General discussion and future prospects There are many different types of fish diseases caused by various pathogens in Korea including viral, bacterial, parasitic and other diseases causing organisms. The diseases caused by the combined pathogens are dominant cases. To control these fish diseases, various disease control strategies were used in Korea. Basic strategies are the pathogen control with chemotherapeutics or medicinal herbs, and host control with vaccines and immunostimulants. The Korean government licensed the use of the 27 antibacterial agents for aquaculturing use by However, the government excluded four quinolones by 2008 and has a strong will to reduce more items from the list for the safe food products. The licensed antibacterial agents in Korea are still much higher in number compared with eight antibiotics of EU and four of USA. A typical study revealed that some medicinal herbs had a growth inhibition activity against fish-pathogenic bacteria and it means those can replace chemotherapeutics. Fish fed on the medicinal herbs showed high RPS.
5 Review articles of JSFP2008 Disease control in Korea 23 Although the disease control technique appears to be a beginner in development of vaccine, many fish farmers want to use vaccine for disease prevention. In Korean aquaculture, although the weight of control methods is still high in the chemotherapy, medicinal herbs and vaccination will be alternative ways in the near future. References Bang, J. D., H.Y. Ryu, C. Lee, B. S. Kim, T. S. Moon and J. Y. Ha (2000): Effectiveness of Edwardsiella tarda vaccine against edwardsiellosis of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus in a field trial test. Bull. Nat l. Fish. Res. Dev. Inst. Korea, 58, (In Korean) Cho, M. S., J. S. Lee, D. C. Lee, H. J. Choi and J. W. Kim (2006): Immune response of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus against b-hemolytic Streptococcus iniae formalinkilled cells. J. Fish Pathol., 19, (In Korean) Choi, H. S., Y. C. Kim, J. S. Lee, M. R. Jo, C. H. Seo and S. I. Park (2004): Antibacterial activities of hot-water and ethyl alcohol extracts of medicinal herbs on fish pathogenic bacteria. J. Fish Pathol., 17, (In Korean) Choi, H. S., J. S. Kim, D. S. Jang, Y. B. Yu, Y. C. Kim and J. S. Lee (2005a): Antibacterial activities of Galla Rhois extracts against fish pathogenic bacteria. J. Fish Pathol., 18, (In Korean) Choi, M. S., S. W. Park and W. H. Park (2005b): Effect of red ginseng extract on immune function of Israel carp, Cyprinus carpio. J. Fish Pathol., 18, (In Korean) Choi, S. H., K. H. Park, T. J. Yoon, J. B. Kim, Y. S. Jang and C. H. Choe (2008): Dietary Korean mistletoe enhances cellular non-specific immune responses and survival of Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Fish & Shellfish Immunol., 24, Do, J. W., S. J. Cha, N. S. Lee, J. W. Kim, S. H. Jung, Y. C. Kim and C. H. Lee (2006). Effectiveness of recombinant protein and peptide vaccine from the gene of Rock bream iridovirus. Fish. Sci. Ass. Korea, PF 9. (In Korean) Hwang, M. H., S. I. Park and Y. C. Kim (1999): Effect of dietary herb medical stuff on the non-specific immune response of nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. J. Fish Pathol., 12, (In Korean) Jee, B. Y., N. S. Lee, J. W. Kim, M. S. Park and S. H. Jeong (2007): The preventive effects of hydrolysis compound of cactus opuntia genus, Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino against bacterial disease on cultured flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. J. Fish Pathol., 20, (In Korean) Jo, M. R., J. W. Kim and D.S. Kim (2002): Antimicrobial effects of natural plant and mushroom, Dicyophora indusiata extracts on fish pathogenic bacteria. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 35, (In Korean) Jung, S. H., Y. C. Sohn and Y. C. Kim (2001): In vitro effect of water extract of medicinal herbs on antimicrobial activity against fish pathogenic bacteria and superoxide production of kidney phagocytes in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. J. Fish Pathol., 14, (In Korean) Jung, S. H., J. S. Lee, H. K. Han, C. Y. Jun and H. Y. Lee (2002): Effects of medicinal herb extract on non-specific immune responses, hematology and disease resistance on olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus by oral administration. J. Fish Pathol., 15, (In Korean) Jung, S. H., N. S. Lee, B. Y. Jee and M. S. Park (2008): Antimicrobial activity of hydrolysis compound of cactus stem (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino) against fish pathogenic bacteria. J. Fish Pathol., 21, (In Korean) Kim, S. S., G. B. Galaz, M. S. Heo, G. Y. Kim, K. S. Choi, K. W. Lee, I. K. Yeo and K. J. Lee (2007): Effects of dietary selfheal (Prunella vulgaris) water extracts and its culture fluid with Lactobacillus rhamnosus on growth and immune responses of juvenile olive flounder. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 40, (In Korean) Lee, C. H., N. S. Park, D. S. Kim and K. H. Kim (2002): Effect of a Paecilomyces japonica-supplemented diet on the chemiluminescent response of phagocytes and growth in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture, 208, Mok, J. S., K. C. Song and N. J. Choi (2001a): Antibacterial effect of fish diet soaked in Salvia miltiorriza extract. J. Aquacult., 14, (In Korean) Mok, J. S., K. C. Song, N. J. Choi and H. S. Yang (2001b): Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of root bark of Morus alba against selected fish pathogenic bacteria. J. Aquacult., 14, (In Korean) Mok, J. S., K. C. Song, N. J. Choi and H. S. Yang (2001c): Antibacterial effect of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia) bark extract against fish pathogenic bacteria. J. Kor. Fish. Soc., 34, (In Korean) Moon, Y. G. and M. S. Heo (2007): Screening of antioxidative and antibacterial activity from methanol extracts of indigenous plants, Jeju-Island. Kor. J. Biotchnol. Bioeng., 22, (In Korean) Moon, Y. G., K. S. Choi, K. J. Lee, K. Y. Kim and M. S. Heo (2006): Screening of antioxidative and antibacterial activity from hot water extracts of indigenous plants, Jeju-Island. Kor. J. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 21, (In Korean) Park, S. M., S. I. Park, M. D. Huh and Y. K. Hong (1999): Inhibitory effect of green tea extract on collagenase activity and growth of fish pathogenic bacteria. J. Fish Pathol., 12, (In Korean) Won, K. M., P. K. Kim, S. H. Lee and S. I. Park (2008): Effect of the residuum extract of Siberian ginseng Elutherococcus senticosus on non-specific immunity in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Fish. Sci., 74,
Countermeasures for specific pathogens in Ehime, Japan
Countermeasures for specific pathogens in Ehime, Japan Azumi Yamashita Fisheries Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Presentation plan About Ehime geographic
More informationFish Vaccination. Rohana Subasinghe
FMM/RAS/298: Strengthening capacities, policies and national action plans on prudent and responsible use of antimicrobials in fisheries Workshop 2 in cooperation with Malaysia Department of Fisheries and
More informationThe fine art of protection
The fine art of protection NEW Protec is Skretting s prime functional feed for farmed fish. New Protec helps to shield skin, gut and gills; it supports the immune system, provides building blocks for new
More informationVaccines for infectious bacterial and viral diseases of fish: a review.
Review Article http://www.alliedacademies.org/journal-bacteriology-infectious-diseases/ Vaccines for infectious bacterial and viral diseases of fish: a review. Shoaibe Hossain Talukder Shefat* Department
More informationBackground - aquaculture. Vaccination of fish Present status and future challenges. Background - vaccines. salmonid fish in Norway
Vaccination of fish Present status and future challenges Roar Gudding National veterinary institute Oslo, Norway Background - aquaculture Agriculture and fisheries will soon reach the maximum capacity
More informationTitle. Author(s)Yoshimizu, Mamoru. Issue Date Doc URL. Type. File Information. Control Strategy for Viral Diseases of Salmonids and
Title Control Strategy for Viral Diseases of Salmonids and Author(s)Yoshimizu, Mamoru Issue Date 2003 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/39590 Type bookchapter (author version) File Information yoshimizu-180i.pdf
More informationEffects of Yeast Products on Immune Function and Disease Resistance of Hybrid Striped Bass
Effects of Yeast Products on Immune Function and Disease Resistance of Hybrid Striped Bass Peng Li and Delbert M. Gatlin, III Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas
More informationProtective efficiency of an inactivated vaccine against Streptococcus iniae in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
Arch. Pol. Fish. (2016) 24: 23-32 DOI 10.1515/aopf-2016-0003 RESEARCH ARTICLE Protective efficiency of an inactivated vaccine against Streptococcus iniae in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus Yong-Uk
More informationSurvival of antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas strains in different types of water
Bangladesh}. Fish. Res., 1 (2) : 39-45 Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute July 1997 Survival of antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas strains in different types of water M. S. Islam and M. B. R. Chowdhury
More informationUse of Vaccines in Finfish Aquaculture 1
FA156 Use of Vaccines in Finfish Aquaculture 1 Roy P. E. Yanong 2 Introduction Disease is one of the most important limiting factors in aquaculture. Optimal husbandry and general management including biosecurity,
More informationBiotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals
Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 2008, 27 (1), 175-196 Biotechnology and DNA vaccines for aquatic animals G. Kurath Western Fisheries Research Center, Biological Resources Discipline, US Geological Survey,
More informationEffect of Herbal Extracts Supplemented diets on Non Specific Immunity and Resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila in Indian cat fish (Mystus montanus)
Available online at www.journalzbr.com ISSN No: 2349-2856 Journal of Zoological and Bioscience Research, 2014, 1, 1:10-14 Effect of Herbal Extracts Supplemented diets on Non Specific Immunity and Resistance
More informationVaccine Development for Asian Aquaculture
Diseases in Asian Aquaculture V Vaccine Development for Asian Aquaculture LUC GRISEZ AND ZILONG TAN Intervet Norbio Singapore Pte Ltd, 1 Perahu Road, 718847 Singapore ABSTRACT In conjunction with good
More informationAntimicrobial activity of Terminalia chebula
, ISSN 2249 4340 Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 175-179, September 2011 RESEARCH ARTICLE Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia chebula M. Golam MOSTAFA, Mahdia RAHMAN, M. Manjurul KARIM* Department of Microbiology,
More informationInstructions for use
Title Control strategy for viral diseases and shrimp at hatchery and seed pro Author(s) Yoshimizu, Mamoru Citation 魚病研究 = Fish pathology, 44(1): 9-13 Issue Date 2009-03-15 DOI Doc URLhttp://hdl.handle.net/2115/53211
More informationPROBIOTIC INDUCED CHANGES IN THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF ANABAS SCANDENS
International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology, Vol. 3, No 3, 2014, 917 922 ISSN 2278-3687 (O) PROBIOTIC INDUCED CHANGES IN THE PROTEIN CONTENT OF ANABAS SCANDENS Dr. Lipika Patnaik*, Mrs.
More informationIn vitro Antibacterial Activity of Herbal Medicines and Combinations of Herbal Medicines and Antibiotics against Edwardsiella tarda
The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture Bamidgeh 61(1), 2009, 27-34. 27 Full article available to e-journal subscribers only at http://www.siamb.org.il In vitro Antibacterial Activity of Herbal Medicines and
More informationRESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN FISH PRODUCTION
RESPONSIBLE USE OF ANTIMICROBIALS IN FISH PRODUCTION Fish farmers have a responsibility to safeguard the health of the fish on their farm. Where appropriate farmers may ask their veterinary surgeon to
More informationEffectiveness of a divalent vaccine for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) against Vibrio alginolyticus and Photobacterium damselae subsp.
Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 22(5) 2002, 298 Effectiveness of a divalent vaccine for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) against Vibrio alginolyticus and Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Miguel
More informationVictoria Alday-Sanz, D.V.M., M.Sc., Ph.D. National Aquaculture Group (NAQUA)
Stakeholder Consultation on Progressive Management Pathway (PMP) to Improve Aquaculture Biosecurity World Bank Headquarters, Washington, D.C. 10 April 2018 Aquaculture Biosecurity in the Kingdom of Saudi
More informationVaccination against VHS in rainbow trout: Experiments and perspectives related to practical fish farming
Vaccination against VHS in rainbow trout: Experiments and perspectives related to practical fish farming Niels Lorenzen Danish Institute for Food and Veterinary Research Nv ~ non-structural protein Topics
More informationTEOH CHAIW YEE. EDUCATION WORK & RESEARCH EXPERIENCE
cyteoh@utar.edu.my EDUCATION Ph.D., School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, April 2014 Dissertation: The effects of dietary fish oil replacement on growth, tissue fatty acid composition
More informationSusceptibility of Oblong Rockfish Sebastes oblongus to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus
Aquaculture Sci. 58 4 465 471 2010 Susceptibility of Oblong Rockfish Sebastes oblongus to Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Tadashi ISSHIKI 1,, Giannakou ELENI 1, Yutaka UETA 2,3 and Taizou NAGANO 2 Abstract:
More informationA potential vaccine to control bacterial coldwater disease (CWD)
A potential vaccine to control bacterial coldwater disease (CWD) Ken Cain 1 and Jerry Zinn 2 Northwest Fish Culture Conference, Dec. 6-8 2011 1 Department of Fish and Wildlife and the Aquaculture Research
More informationViral Diseases in Cultured Marine Fish in Japan. Kazuhiro Nakajima1, Kiyoshi Inouye2 and Minoru Sorimachi3
Fish Pathology, 33 (4), 181-188, 1998. 10 Viral Diseases in Cultured Marine Fish in Japan Kazuhiro Nakajima1, Kiyoshi Inouye2 and Minoru Sorimachi3 1 National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Nansei,
More informationTenacibaculosis of farmed fish in Southern Europe
Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología Fac. de Biología/CIBUS e Instituto de Acuicultura Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Tenacibaculosis of farmed fish in Southern Europe Alicia E. Toranzo
More informationImmune System. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Immune System Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Which of the bacteria is the cause of pneumonia? a. staphylococci c. Treponema
More informationSYSTEM CERTIFIED BY DNV
Program Health Line Aquaculture The production area is about 30,000 square metres. The production H N Nutrition Program capacity is 120,000 tons of Monoglycerides per year. SILO is the leader in the development
More informationschlegeli Fed Commercial Diet at Two Different Water Temperatures
한수지 46(6), 761-768, 2013 Original Article Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 46(6),761-768,2013 수온별조피볼락 (Sebastes schlegeli) 치어의배합사료적정공급횟수 이진혁 이봉주 김강웅 한현섭 * 박건현 1 이준호 1 윤현호 1 배승철 국립수산과학원사료연구센터, 1 부경대학교해양바이오신소재학과 / 사료영양연구소
More informationVaccination of sea bass against Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) and characterization of protective immunity
Vaccination of sea bass against Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) and characterization of protective immunity Sofie Hansen, PhD student Supervisors: Professors Niels Lorenzen and Niels Jørgen Olesen Agenda
More informationUnique Biotech Co. Ltd, 105 B1 Center, Youngdong University, Yeongdong 29131, Korea 3
http://e-fas.org Original Article Fish Aquat Sci 18(4), 367-372, 2015 Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Two types of propolis on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity and disease resistance
More information. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands. Animal Health Branch Fish Health SUPPLEMENTAL APPENDICES TO THE ANNUAL REPORT FISH HEALTH PROGRAM
2009. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Animal Health Branch Fish Health SUPPLEMENTAL APPENDICES TO THE ANNUAL REPORT FISH HEALTH PROGRAM Supplement - Appendices of Fish Health Report 2009 2 APPENDIX 7.1
More informationRe-evaluation of the Optimum Dietary Vitamin C Requirement in Juvenile Eel, Anguilla japonica by Using L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate
98 Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 25, No. 1 : 98-103 January 2012 www.ajas.info http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2011.11201 Re-evaluation of the Optimum Dietary Vitamin C Requirement in Juvenile Eel, Anguilla
More informationEvaluation of the selective and differential ET medium for detection of Edwardsiella tarda in aquaculture systems
Letters in Applied Microbiology ISSN 0266-8254 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of the selective and differential ET medium for detection of Edwardsiella tarda in aquaculture systems N. Castro, A.E. Toranzo,
More information7. EDWARDSIELLOSIS (EDWARDSIELLA TARDA) Tomokazu Takano Synopsis
7. EDWARDSIELLOSIS (EDWARDSIELLA TARDA) Tomokazu Takano 7.1. Synopsis Edwardsiella tarda causes a serious systemic infection in fish that are characterized by septicaemia and necrotic abscesses. Edwardsiella
More informationNecessity of Mineral Supplement to Fish Meal Based Red Sea Bream Feed*1
SUISANZOSHOKU 46(4), 535-540 (1998) Necessity of Mineral Supplement to Fish Meal Based Red Sea Bream Feed*1 Shuichi SATOH*2, Ryotaro ISHIDA*2, Toshio TAKEUCHI*2, Takeshi WATANABE*2, and Tadahisa SEIKAI*3
More informationIn vitro study of antibacterial activity of Carissa carandas leaf extracts
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2012, 2 (1):36-40 ISSN : 2249-7412 CODEN (USA): AJPSKY In vitro study of antibacterial activity of Carissa
More informationSurvey & Diagnosis of fish diseases in 2014
Survey & Diagnosis of listed fish diseases in the European Community 214 2 Survey & Diagnosis of fish diseases in 214 An Annual questionnaire 1. General data Niels Jørgen Olesen, Niccolò Vendramin 19 th
More informationEgypt. J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish., Vol. 11,No.3: (2007) ISSN
Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish., Vol. 11,No.3: 1299-1308 (2007) ISSN 1110 6131 Effect of some immunostimulants as feed additives on the survival and growth performance of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
More informationEffects of increasing dietary vitamin C on serum lysozyme activity and antioxidant ability of tissues in Pampus argenteus
9 4 2 0 1 3 8 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 9, No. 4 Aug., 2013 doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 2095-0780. 2013. 04. 003,,, ( 200090) : C( ) ( Pampus argenteus), 104. 21 mg kg - 1 455. 33 mg kg - 1 800. 54
More informationCHAPTER 8 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE STEM OF COSTUS IGNEUS
CHAPTER 8 ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF THE CRUDE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT AND THE ISOLATED COMPOUNDS FROM THE STEM OF COSTUS IGNEUS 8.1 INTRODUCTION Medicinal plants are the backbone of traditional medicine and
More informationGut Inflammation: Effects on Animal Production and Management Approaches
Gut Inflammation: Effects on Animal Production and Management Approaches Carrie Cook, Ph.D., Aova Technologies, Inc. The more we learn about inflammation, the more it captures a key role in our understanding
More informationDepartment of Marine Bio Materials & Aquaculture/Feeds and Foods Nutrition Research Center, Pukyong National University, Busan , Korea
http://e-fas.org Original Article Fish Aquat Sci 7(), 9-4, 04 Effects of the Dietary Microbial Phytase Supplementation on Bioavailability of Phosphorus in Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
More informationEyes wide shut A critical view of aquaculture health management and risk factors in the real world
Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 26(1) 2006, 1 Eyes wide shut A critical view of aquaculture health management and risk factors in the real world S. Mortensen 1*, K. Korsnes 1, 2 and Ø. Bergh 1 1 Institute
More informationProbiotics for Aquaculture
Probiotics for Aquaculture Seppo Salminen Functional Foods Forum University of Turku Finland Acquaculture Fish farming Carp and related fish are the most farmed fish (mainly in Asia) at 18,5 million metric
More informationPhytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of Garcinia kola
2013; 2(3): 34-38 Online at: www.phytopharmajournal.com Research Article ISSN 2230-480X JPHYTO 2013; 2(3): 34-38 2013, All rights reserved Phytochemical screening and antibacterial properties of Garcinia
More informationIranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 14(1)
Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences 14(1) 302-307 2015 Effects of Streptococcinum, Hepar Sulfur, Rosmarinus officinalis and erythromycin on cultured rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with experimental
More information: Lactic Acid Bacteria, friendly environment, characterized. molecular
Abstract Fish diseases is the one of main problems facing by fisheries industry, and bacterial diseases is the one of the main causing mortality in fish. Control of the bacterial diseases can be done by
More informationScreening of Chinese Medicinal Herbs for the Inhibition of Brucella melitensis
5 th Proceedings of the Seminar in Veterinary Sciences, 5-8 January 2010 Screening of Chinese Medicinal for the Inhibition of Khoo Wen Wen & 1 Siti Khairani Bejo 1 Department of Veterinary Pathology and
More informationAntibacterial Effect of Pulsatilla chinensis towards Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae, and Salmonella typhi
292 AMJ June 2016 Antibacterial Effect of Pulsatilla chinensis towards Sim Chee Fong, 1 Yanti Mulyana, 2 Dolvy Girawan 3 1 Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, 2 Department of Microbiology Faculty
More informationVirkon Aquatic. Available in Romania from. The AQUATIC LIFE SCIENCES Companies
Virkon Aquatic Available in Romania from The AQUATIC LIFE SCIENCES Companies 0740 120 362 www.tanuki.ro Fast acting Independently proven broad spectrum efficacy against viruses, bacteria, fungi and molds
More informationEfficacy of a Listonella anguillarum (syn. Vibrio anguillarum) vaccine for juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 71: 19 24, 2006 Published July 11 Dis Aquat Org Efficacy of a Listonella anguillarum (syn. Vibrio anguillarum) vaccine for juvenile sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax Panagiotis
More informationRequirements of Prawn, Penaeus japonicus, for Essential Fatty Acids
Mem. Fac. Fish., Kagoshima Univ. Vol. 28 pp. 27-33 (1979) Requirements of Prawn, Penaeus japonicus, for Essential Fatty Acids Akio Kanazawa, Shin-ichi Teshima and Minoru Endo* Abstract Feeding trials using
More informationOptimum levels of crystalline amino acids in diets for larval red sea bream (Pagrus major)
ICES mar. Sci. Symp., 201: 100-105. 1995 Optimum levels of crystalline amino acids in diets for larval red sea bream (Pagrus major) Julio Löpez-Alvarado and Akio Kanazawa Löpez-Alvarado, J., and Kanazawa,
More informationSAFETY AND EFFICACY RESULTS AFTER VACCINATION WITH ALPHA MARINE Vibject.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY RESULTS AER VACCINATION WITH ALPHA MARINE Vibject. ALPHA MARINE Vibject is an emulsion vaccine for injection against vibriosis in cod. It contains formaldehyde-inactivated cultures
More informationSpawning advanced and delayed control photoperiod control temperature control
Spawning advanced and delayed control photoperiod control temperature control Photoperiod control Day Length and Temperature 30 25 Water Temperature (C) 20 15 10 Day Length (h) 5 0 Advancing or delaying
More informationINFLUENCE OF β - GLUCAN ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PENAEUS MONODON UNDER DIFFERENT SALINITY CONDITIONS
INFLUENCE OF β - GLUCAN ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF PENAEUS MONODON UNDER DIFFERENT SALINITY CONDITIONS Suryakant Patil 1, Ahilan, B 2 * and M.J. Prince Jeyaseelan 3 ABSTRACT The effectiveness β-glucan
More informationFarm-level biosecurity (TiLVD prevention and management)
Session 5 Win Surachetpong DVM, PhD, CertAqV, DTBVP Farm-level biosecurity (TiLVD prevention and management) Outlines: What is biosecurity? Identify risks causing the introduction and spread of disease
More informationCatfish immunity and the effect of antibacterial treatment
S C H E R I N G - P L O U G H A N I M A L H E A L T H A Q U A C U L T U R E Catfish immunity and the effect of antibacterial treatment Mortality among fish is greatest when water temperatures range from
More informationThe use of crude extracts from traditional medicinal plants to eliminate Trichodina sp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings
Short Communication The use of crude extracts from traditional medicinal plants to eliminate Trichodina sp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings Chanagun Chitmanat 1, Kitiwan Tongdonmuan 2, and
More informationNatural Sanitizing Ingredient. Product Name: MLE-T
Natural Sanitizing Ingredient Product Name: MLE-T Natural Sanitizing Ingredient (MLE-T) 1. Fast and broad anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties 2. Provides optimal cleanness yet safe for skin 3. Environmental-friendly
More informationYoung Jin Kim, Sun Min Lee, Go Eun Choi, Sang Hyun Hwang, Hyung Hoi Kim, Eun Yup
JCM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 26 April 2010 J. Clin. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/jcm.02506-09 Copyright 2010, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All
More informationSCREENING THE BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF PROTEIN ISOLATED FROM CYPRINUS CARPIO. Iyyanuchamy, S.K and A. Periyanayagasamy*
Research Paper: Iyyanuchamy and Periyanayagasamy., 2011: Pp.6-10 SCREENING THE BIOACTIVE POTENTIAL OF PROTEIN ISOLATED FROM CYPRINUS CARPIO Iyyanuchamy, K and A. Periyanayagasamy* Department of Microbiology,
More informationAACL BIOFLUX Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society
AACL BIOFLUX Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society Updates on the vaccination against l diseases in tilapia, Oreochromis spp. and Asian seabass,
More information2008. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands
2008. Ministry of Agriculture and Lands Animal Health Branch Fish Health FISH HEALTH PROGRAM SUPPLEMENTAL APPENDICES TO THE ANNUAL REPORT Supplement - Appendices of Fish Health Report 2008 2 APPENDIX 7.1
More informationEffects of galacto-oligosaccharides in feed on growth performance, serum immunological and biochemical factors of cobia
7 1 2 0 1 1 2 South China Fisheries Science Vol. 7, No. 1 Feb., 2011 doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 2095-0780. 2011. 01. 009,,,, (, 510300) : 0 0. 2% 0. 4% 0. 8% 1. 6% ( GOS) ( Rachycentron canadum) 8, GOS GOS
More informationPathogen recognition proteins in rainbow trout (O. mykiss) plasma
Pathogen recognition proteins in rainbow trout (O. mykiss) plasma S Russell*, K Young, M Edwards, A Peterson, A Reid, JS Lumsden. Fish Pathology Laboratory, Dept. of Pathobiology, University of Guelph,
More informationHowever, 31.2% showed resistance to cotrimaxasole, 91.6% to sulphafurazole and 65.8% to sulphadiazine (Otta, 1997).
416 I. Karunasagar, S. K. Otta et al. (1994) reported mass mortality of P. monodon larvae due to chloramphenicol resistant strains of V. harveyi. Later studies showed that V harveyi is capable of forming
More informationEvaluation of Vibrio control
Evaluation of Vibrio control with a multi-species probiotic in shrimp aquaculture Competence Center Microbials Competence Center Microbials Evaluation of Vibrio control with a multi-species probiotic in
More informationSCREENING OF ANTIBACTERIAL SENSITIVTY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF CAMPHOR AND CINNAMON
SCREENING OF ANTIBACTERIAL SENSITIVTY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF CAMPHOR AND CINNAMON ABSTRACT: 22 PREETI RANGARI Dept. of Biotechnology, Chitransh ADPG College, Bhopal (M.P.) In the present investigation antimicrobial
More informationGrupo de Investigación en Acuicultura (GIA;
DIETARY USE OF PREBIOTICS IN GREATER AMBERJACK JUVENILES: EFFECTS ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, IMMUNE GENE EXPRESSION AND DISEASE RESISTANCE AGAINST Neobenedenia girellae EU project 2014-2019 Grupo de Investigación
More informationPrebiotics in Aquaculture: New Strategy for Larviculture Improvment?
Prebiotics in Aquaculture: New Strategy for Larviculture Improvment Mahious A.S. LARVI 05 Fish & Shellfish Larviculture Symposium September 5-8 2005, Belgium General concept Probiotics Synbiotics Prebiotics
More informationVibrio anguillarum and V. ordalii Disinfection for Aquaculture Facilities
Vibrio anguillarum and V. ordalii Disinfection for Aquaculture Facilities John W. Machen 1, Stephen A. Smith* 1 and George J. Flick, Jr. 2 1 Department of Biomedical Science and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland
More informationLECTURE topics: 1. Immunology. 2. Emerging Pathogens
LECTURE 23 2 topics: 1. Immunology 2. Emerging Pathogens Benefits of the Normal Flora: 1. Protect us from colonization by other bacteria and fungi (competitive exclusion). 2. Many synthesize vitamins,
More informationPathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila artificially infected to Indian major carp ( Cirrhinus 1nrigala Ham.)
Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 3(2), 1999: 187-192 Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila artificially infected to Indian major carp ( Cirrhinus 1nrigala Ham.) A.N.H. Banu*, M.A. Islam/M.B.R.Chowdhury 1 and.j.chandra
More informationDISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 75: 79 83, 2007 Published March 29 Dis Aquat Org
DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS Vol. 75: 79 83, 2007 Published March 29 Dis Aquat Org NOTE Microarray analyses of gene expression in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus leucocytes during monogenean
More informationNutra-Kol NUTRITION SOLUTIONS
Nutra-Kol NUTRITION SOLUTIONS Nutra-Kol is a vibrant Australian company focusing on the nutrition and health of aquatic organisms. Nutra-Kol products include feed additives and natural health solutions
More informationResearch Article. Study on antibacterial activity of some medicinally important plants
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 205, 7():2520-252 Research Article ISSN : 0975-78 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Study on antibacterial activity of some medicinally
More informationMohammed Al-janabi and ZainabYaseen
Pak. J. Biotechnol. Vol 15 (3) 843-848 (2018) ISSN Print: 18-1837 www.pjbt.org ISSN Online: 23-7791 ANIBACIAL ACIVIY OF CLOVS SDS OF Syzygium aromaticum and Cinnamon Cinnamomum verum BAK SSNIAL OILS Mohammed
More informationEffect of isoproteinous feed on growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry
J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 10(1): 169 174, 2012 ISSN 1810-3030 Effect of isoproteinous feed on growth and survival of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry I. Siddika, M. Das and K. R. Sumi Department of
More informationDevelopment and Efficacy of Fish Vaccine Used Against Some Bacterial Diseases in Farmed Tilapia. Laila Ali Mohamed and Waleed Salah El-Din Soliman
Development and Efficacy of Fish Vaccine Used Against Some Bacterial Diseases in Farmed Tilapia Laila Ali Mohamed and Waleed Salah El-Din Soliman National Research Centre-Veterinary Division - Department
More informationRisk analysis for the movement of wild caught wrasse in Ireland
26 th September 2016 Risk analysis for the movement of wild caught wrasse in Ireland 1. Identification of Hazards: identification of pathogens that: (a) are notifiable and/or (b) could cause disease in
More informationOrganisms in trade: Pathogens and pathways. Nick Phelps, MS, PhD June 4, 2014 Great Lakes BIOTIC Symposium
Organisms in trade: Pathogens and pathways Nick Phelps, MS, PhD June 4, 2014 Great Lakes BIOTIC Symposium Can pathogens be spread by organisms in trade? Live baitfish We know there are pathogens Live specimen
More informationHerbal Medicine Approach to Immune Dysfunction (Part III in a series on Herbal Medicine)
Phone: 877-841-7241 FAX: 443-327-4763 Email: info@collegeofintegrativemedicine.org Web: www.collegeofintegrativemedicine.org Mail: CIM/Integrative Medicine Health Services, LLC P.O. Box 407 Hampstead,
More informationANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF AND SEED EXTRACTS OF DELONIX REGIA AND ACHYRANTHUS ASPERA AGAINST SELECTED BACTERIAL STRAINS
Int. J. Pharm. Med. & Bio. Sc. 2013 Dhanalakshmi D and Manimegalai K, 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2278 5221 www.ijpmbs.com Vol. 2, No. 2, April 2013 2013 IJPMBS. All Rights Reserved ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY
More informationNorthern aquaculture; modern vaccine- and gene technology giving health and welfare to the fish and well-being to the farmer
Northern aquaculture; modern vaccine- and gene technology giving health and welfare to the fish and well-being to the farmer Paul J. Midtlyng School of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life
More informationIncidence of ulcer disease in African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus Burchell) and trial for its chemotherapy
Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 3(2), 1999: 193-200 Incidence of ulcer disease in African catfish ( Clarias gariepinus Burchell) and trial for its chemotherapy M.M. Rahman and M.B.R. Chowdhury* Department of
More informationThe use of acidifiers in fisheries and aquaculture
The use of acidifiers in fisheries and aquaculture Christian Lückstädt, PhD in Fish Nutrition, ADDCON Nordic AS, Norway Contact address: christian.lueckstaedt@addcon.net Since the early 1980s, yearly growth
More informationReceived 4 July 2003; accepted 15 October 2003
Fish & Shellfish Immunology 17 (24) 1e11 www.elsevier.com/locate/fsi In vivo and in vitro analysis of the resistance against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
More informationEmergency cases in Molluscs and Ascidian. Tomoyoshi Yoshinaga Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo
Emergency cases in Molluscs and Ascidian Tomoyoshi Yoshinaga Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Two cases Akoya oyster disease The soft tunic syndrome (of sea squirt)
More informationVaccination against cyprinid herpesvirus 2
158, Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Pathol., 33(5) 2013 Vaccination against cyprinid herpesvirus 2 Carassius auratus T. Ito 1 * and M. Ototake 2,3 2 Aquatic 3 Present address: Research Abstract Carassius auratus).
More informationAntimicrobial Effect of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Fruit Extracts against Selected Oral Bacteria
J Dent Hyg Sci Vol. 18, No. 3, 2018, pp.147-154 https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2018.18.3.147 RESEARCH ARTICLE Antimicrobial Effect of Acanthopanax sessiliflorum Fruit Extracts against Selected Oral Bacteria
More informationAN IMMUNE-MODULATOR ALGAL EXTRACT TO FIGHT AGAINST DISEASES THE EXAMPLE OF EMS IN L. VANNAMEI
AN IMMUNE-MODULATOR ALGAL EXTRACT TO FIGHT AGAINST DISEASES THE EXAMPLE OF EMS IN L. VANNAMEI DISEASE IN AQUACULTURE Shrimp industry losses Cost of shrimp disease in Asia (Shinn et al, 2016) Shrimp farming
More informationBIOTECHNOLOGY Vol. IX - Molecular Tools for Improving Seafood Safety - Karunasagar, Iddya MOLECULAR TOOLS FOR IMPROVING SEAFOOD SAFETY
MOLECULAR TOOLS FOR IMPROVING SEAFOOD SAFETY Karunasagar, Iddya University of Agricultural Sciences, College of Fisheries, Mangalore, India Keywords: Seafood, aquaculture, pathogens, Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio
More informationStudies on antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant against Human pathogenic Micro Organism
Available online at www.pelagiaresearchlibrary.com Asian Journal of Plant Science and Research, 2011, 1 ():8690 ISSN : 229 712 Studies on antibacterial activity of some medicinal plant against Human pathogenic
More informationChandan Prasad.et.al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application ISSN : , Vol. 7, Issue 9, ( Part -6) September 2017, pp.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS Antibacterial properties of Unripened Fruits of Trapa natans, Annona squamosa, Ficus carica and Anthocephalus cadamba against Pathogenic Gram Positive and Negative Bacteria.
More informationInternational Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage:
Research Article CODEN: IJRPJK ISSN: 2319 9563 International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Nano Sciences Journal homepage: www.ijrpns.com SYNERGISTIC ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF CLOVE, CUMIN
More informationRoot Tonic. Wild Cherry Bark
Root Tonic Wild Cherry Bark *The information below is a quick overview of possible health benefits attributed to each ingredient. For more information, precautions and possible side effects, please click
More information