COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE CANNABINOID COMPOSITION OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL VARIETIES OF CANNABIS SATIVA L. UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS

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1 COMPARATIVE PHYTOCHEMICAL STUDY ON THE CANNABINOID COMPOSITION OF THE GEOGRAPHICAL VARIETIES OF CANNABIS SATIVA L. UNDER THE SAME CONDITIONS P. Veszki, G. Verzar-Petri, S. Meszaros Institute of Pharmacognosy, "Semmelweis tt Medical University, Budapest, Hungary Abstract Q0!p~~t!v~ Ehzt cqe~i a1 ~tgdz n_tqe_c~a ~o!d_c meo~i1i n f_tqe_g~ogr~pqiqa1 Ya i~t!e f_c~a i ~a1iya_l~ BP e~ 1~ ~~e_c n iii n~. In our examinations the species of different locality have characteristic cannabinoide spectra and contents. On the basis of results obtained by variance-analysis, we stated that the quantity of the total cannabinoides and that of tae individual cannabinoides depended on the kind of locality, on the part of the plant in which the content of cannabinoides was measured. The cannabinoide content was less influenced by the weather-conditions. Introduction The chemical analysis of different hemps is important concerning several practical a~pects. For example: in a given country a hemp cultivated excusively for industrial utilization, in spite of its excellent quality of fiber, may contain considerable quantity of tetrahydrocannabinol, responsible for the psychotomimetic effect, which caused or will cause drug dependence among the inhabitants. We traced the cannabinoide's spectra and quality in the developed plant's stems, leaves and inflorescences in 77 and 78. This type of investigations are completed -among others- by working groups of Small /73/, Fairbairn /74/, Krajci /75/ and Gournier /79/. Material and methods Our experiments included hemps of Mexican/UNC 347/, Spanish/UNC 484/, Thailand/UNO 254/, Turkish and Hungarian/Kompo~t/ origin, Acta Horticulturae 96, 80 ~pices and medicinal plants Herba Hungarica i980. Tom.. Nool. 95

2 which were cultivated at the Agricultural Research Institute of Hungarian Academy of ~ciences in Hartonvasar. \ve have developed a gaschromatographic method vii th a stationer phase of two different polarities for the determination of the cannabinoides. The analysis was made on the 3 % OV-17 stationer phase under isotherm -0 conditions at 230 C /figure 1./ and on 3 % IXR stationer phase, which is less polar than OV-17 with a nine minutes isotherm period was followed by a 2 0 C/min scheduled period /figure 2,3,4./. 4.Results: 4.1. ~.o'!!!'p.rin ih~. a..!!,!1.bin. iie_c. nie..!!,t_o!..t~m..,_l~a~e...ni In!l. r~s. ee.c~s. ~tems contain significantly less cannabinoides than the leaves and inflorescences. The inflorescences contain generally more cannabinoides than the leaves, but significant difference can be stated only at the Mexican and Thailand female plants and at the Kompolt~ hemp /table 1./ As the cannabinoid spectra is concerned there is no difference between leaves and inflorescences, but the inflorescences contain more cannabinoid of each type than the leaves /figure 2./.0n the tetrahydrocannabinol content there are significant differences between leaves and inflorescences only in Mexican female plants. The Kompolti hemp male and female, the Turkish I. female and the Thailand male inflorescences contain significantly more cannabidiol than the leaves of those plants. /table 2./. The general tendency, that the female plants contain more cannabin<;>ides than the males, valid to the total cannabinoides, tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content. The cannabichromene content, generally, higher in the male plants /tablo 1.2./. On the 3 figure gas chromatograms made of leaves of the Thailand's male and female hemp can be seen. As for the tet~ahydrocannabinol content, the effect of the sexes especially hieh at the inflorescencens those hemps of locality ~ontaining much tetrahydrocannabinol/table 1./ 96

3 4.3. Qagn~b!n i e~ ~u!llli~_o! lh~ i!f~r~nl ge & aehlc~l_v~- i~t!e1!. The quantity of the individual cannabinoides, according to our examinations, hemps can be divided into two groups: - European hemps, poor in tetrahydrocannabinol/rich in cannabidinol/ - non-european hemps, rich in tetrahydrocannabinol/poor in cannabidiol/ On the 4. figure the chromatograms of the Mexican /II.group/ and Spanish /I~group/ female inflorescences can be seen respectively. Hemps of Mexican origin contain the most cannabinoides, the female inflorescence of this hemp has remarkably high cannabinoide content /6.125 % on avarage of two years/e The least cannabinoide was found in the hemp of Spanish locality. The female inflorescences of Mexican locality contain ten times more tetrahydrocannabinol than cannabidiol-rich European hemps. The species is rich in tetrahydrocannabinol, contain more cannabichromene than the species rich in cannabidiol. ~.4. Qo~~!n~ lh~ ~n~b!n i~e~ ~u!llli~_ig!927_~d_127~ Cannabinoid contents in leaves and inflorescences of developed plants are presented in the table 3. and figure 5. The inflorescences /with the exception of Kompolt's hemp/ contain more cannabinoides at the commence of generative period, than at the end of vegetative period. In comparison, the effect of weather conditions with other, mentioned factors, we can say that the cannabinoide content is less influenced by the weather. As a general conclusion it can be proved that hemps of Mexican, Thailand and Spanish locality are influenced similarly by the weather respectively. References Fairbairn, J.W. et al., 74 Cannabinoid content- of Cannabis sativa L. grown in England. J.Pharm. and Pharmacol, 26/6/: Fournier, G., 79. These docteur es-sciences pharmceutiques Krejci, Z. et al., 75. The effect of climatic and ecologic conditions upon the formation and the amount of cannabinoid substances in Cannabis of various provenance. Acta Uni.Palack. 01omouc. 74:

4 Small, E. et ale 73. Oommon cannabinoid Phenotypes in 350 stocks of Oannabiso Lloydia 6 /2/:

5 ST CB6 CIIN Figure 1. Determination of the cannabinoids in the OV-17 stationer phase "",,'.i2 j" f~ ; ( <:5 m x 2rwnj 3~ OV-f7; isotherm 230"C) HEXICAN t:eitale LEAVES I'fEXICAN t:ei'fale Fl.OI ERS THC THe CIJN Figure 20 Gascbromatograms of the Mexican female hemp's leaves and inflorescences (ISm zzmm; JJfN,' t,-ifii,-c 9_.,/J 2"C/""", t,' 210'C) 99

6 THAILAND HALE LEAVES THAILAND nhale LEAVES THe THe ClJN Figure 3. Gaschromatograms of leaves of the Thailand's male and female hemp (~5m x2mmj J". lxif'; t... /6" C!imm,,B rc/mm, t,' no'c) SPANISH FEHAL!'LOWERS HEX/CAN F l'1ale flowers caa THC Figure Lj.Q Gaschromatograms of the Spanish and Mexican female inflorescence ClJN t... f6/l C 9mm, ~ 2 C/mln, t/ 210 C ) ((5m x2mmj J,... lx~; 100

7 Figure 5. Cannabinoid contents in inflorescences of developed plants Ilii.~~m H:,:'":~~-id TURKISH I ~ ~ ~ ~ 77,g '978 '6 v B~ 1011 fu Table 3. Cannabinoid contents in leaves of developed plants CANNAB/- NDIOS, v HEX/CAN THA/lANP SPANISH KOHPOlT TUI?KISII I TlIINt'fSIl Z. A. HALE FEnAlE HAU >E1Ii4U 5 HALE jfehale NAU!rENAIE I1ALl F IfAJ.. HAll!FE... " 3,1J(JJ 3,"03 1, , am 0,721 TOTAL 77 CBO CBC THe CBN 2."90 ~066 2,283 2, , ,110 1,1,3 1,It1l7 trocej trace.j tn1~es 77 trocej 0,755 0, , a Cj71J1 0,693 0,3Ll? ,718 /073 0,1,22 /232 ' " D,?50 ll095 alb9 0, Cjll6 tracej 77 '9 Cj600 q300 q"so q2so CjlQ (){J() troc. 0, , ,1J5O ~,0"9 ll8l7 ll ,3J,0 0,' 4" ,8J,0 2,351 1,""5 1,9118 0,182 0,"08 o,tq2 4"20 43QQ 0,628 0,294 4" ,10. 0,1 0,090 [j ,032 0,021 G,()I,O 1B 0,031 0,103 0,081 0,057 <\032 0,033 0,020 0,020 o,07p 0,050 O,J33 101

8 TOTAL CANNABINOID CONTENT OF DEVELOPED PLANTS Table 1. MEXICAN THAILAND SPANISH KOMPOLT S L I TURKISH I. TURKISH II. S L I LSD 5 % = LSD 1 % = TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL CONTENT OF DEVELOPED PlANTS MEXICAN THAILAND SPANISH KOMPOLT L ~ I ~ TURKISH I. TURKISH II. S LSD5 % = L I LSD 1 % = S = stems L = leaves I = inflorescences 102

9 Table 2. CANNABINOID CONTENT OF DEVELOPED PLANTS MEXICAN THAILAND SPANISH KOMPOLT S. traces 0.00~ O.OO? L ? ? 0.31? I. traces traces ? ?38 TURKISH I. TURKISH II. S L. 0.?15 1.0? I LSD5% = 0.6 LSD1% = 0.2 CANNABICHROMENE CONTENT OF DEVELOPED PLANTS MEXICAN THAILAND SPANISH KOMPOLT S. 0.01? ? L. 0.49? ? ? I ? ~1? TURKISH I. TURKISH II. S LSD5 % = L. 0.1? ?? LSD 1 % = 0.2?0 I. 0., S = stems L = leaves I = inflorescences

Poisons Amendment (2018 Measures No. 1) Instrument 2018

Poisons Amendment (2018 Measures No. 1) Instrument 2018 I, {insert author} make the following instrument. Dated 1 st April 2018 {insert author} Poisons Amendment (2018 Measures No. 1) Instrument 2018 Page