PEDIATRIC ROBOTIC UROLOGY

Transcription

1 PEDIATRIC ROBOTIC UROLOGY

2 CURRENT C LICICAL U ROLOGY Eric A. Klein, SERIES EDITOR Pediatric Robotic Urology, edited by Jeffrey S. Palmer, 2009 Essential Urologic Laparoscopy: The Complete Clinical Guide, Second Edition, edited by Stephen Y. Nakada and Sean P. Hedican, 2009 Urologic Robotic Surgery, edited by Jeffrey A. Stock, Michael P. Esposito, and Vincent J. Lanteri, 2008 Genitourinary Pain and Inflammation: Diagnosis and Management, edited by Jeanette M. Potts, 2008 Prostate Biopsy: Indications, Techniques, and Complications, edited by J. Stephen Jones, 2008 Female Urology: A Practical Clinical Guide, edited by Howard Goldman and Sandip P. Vasavada, 2007 Urinary Stone Disease: The Practical Guide to Medical and Surgical Management, edited by Marshall L. Stoller and Maxwell V. Meng, 2007 Peyronie s Disease: A Guide to Clinical Management, edited by Laurence A. Levine, 2006 Male Sexual Function: A Guide to Clinical Management, Second Edition, edited by John J. Mulcahy, 2006 Advanced Endourology: The Complete Clinical Guide, edited by Stephen Y. Nakada and Margaret S. Pearle, 2005 Oral Pharmacotherapy of Male Sexual Dysfunction: A Guide to Clinical Management, edited by Gregory A. Broderick, 2005 Urological Emergencies: A Practical Guide, edited by Hunter Wessells and Jack W. McAninch, 2005 Management of Prostate Cancer, Second Edition, edited by Eric A. Klein, 2004 Essential Urology: A Guide to Clinical Practice, edited by Jeannette M. Potts, 2004 Management of Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy, edited by Kevin T. McVary, 2004 Pediatric Urology, edited by John P. Gearhart, 2003 Laparoscopic Urologic Oncology, edited by Jeffrey A. Cadeddu, 2004 Essential Urologic Laparoscopy: The Complete Clinical Guide, edited by Stephen Y. Nakada, 2003 Urologic Prostheses: The Complete Practical Guide to Devices, Their Implantation, and Patient Follow-Up, edited by Culley C. Carson, III, 2002 Male Sexual Function: A Guide to Clinical Management, edited by John J. Mulcahy, 2001 Prostate Cancer Screening, edited by Ian M. Thompson, Martin I. Resnick, and Eric A. Klein, 2001 Bladder Cancer: Current Diagnosis and Treatment, edited by Michael J. Droller, 2001

3 Pediatric Robotic Urology Edited by JEFFREYS.PALMER, MD, FACS, FAAP Director, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Urology Chief, Minimally Invasive Pediatric Urology Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic Children s Hospital; Associate Professor of Surgery Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio, USA

4 Editor Jeffrey S. Palmer, MD, FACS, FAAP Director, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Urology Chief, Minimally Invasive Pediatric Urology Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute Cleveland Clinic Children s Hospital and Associate Professor of Surgery Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio, USA palmerjs@ccf.org ISBN e-isbn DOI / Library of Congress Control Number: Humana Press, a Part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2009 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper springer.com

5 To my parents, whose love, support, dedication and sacrifices have enabled their children to be the best that they could become. I thank them both. -Jeffrey S. Palmer

6 Preface Laparoscopic surgery has been instrumental in the advancement of minimally invasive surgery in the adult patient with urologic conditions. Roboticassisted laparoscopic surgery has allowed the urologic surgeon to perform more advanced laparoscopy operations in the adult patient. Radical prostatectomy is a perfect example. Although laparoscopy has been utilized for several decades in children for the diagnosis and treatment of undescended testicles and ambiguous genitalia, robotic technology has been slower to advance into the pediatric arena compared to the adult. However, the use of robotic technology in recent years for the pediatric urologic population has gained momentum. The intuitive nature of roboticassisted laparoscopy compared to conventional laparoscopy allows for the relative novice to perform fine surgical techniques, such as suturing, with more ease and dexterity. One robotic-assisted operation that is more commonly being performed in the pediatric population is pyeloplasty with more advanced procedures such as bladder augmentation and ureteral reimplantation also being performed by the more experienced surgeon. Pediatric Robotic Urology, a concise and comprehensive reference on robotic-assisted laparoscopy, is written specifically for surgeons and other health care providers caring for the pediatric urologic patient. Well-respected surgeons have been carefully chosen to author the chapters due to their expertise in laparoscopic urologic surgery. The basics of laparoscopy and robotic-assisted laparoscopy will be discussed along with specific surgical techniques which will be accompanied with illustrations and intraoperative photographs. The chapters are arranged into two sections to allow for easier access to the information: Introductory topics and surgical techniques. Upon completion of this text, it is my sincere hope that the reader will learn the basic and advanced robotic-assisted surgical techniques to assist them in the care of children. Cleveland, OH Jeffrey S. Palmer, MD, FACS, FAAP August 2009 vii

7 Contents Preface... Contributors... vii xi PART I: INTRODUCTORY TOPICS 1 Urologic Laparoscopic Anatomy... 3 Kevin M. Feber and Lane S. Palmer 2 Physiology of Pediatric Genitourinary Laparoscopy Yazan F. Rawashdeh, L. Henning Olsen, and Troels Munch Jørgensen 3 Robotic Equipment and Instrumentation Armine K. Smith and Jeffrey S. Palmer 4 Advantages of Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy Walid A. Farhat and Pasquale Casale 5 Robotic Surgery: Considerations for the Future Sebastien Crouzet and Inderbir S. Gill PART II: SURGICAL TECHNIQUES 6 Transperitoneal vs. Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Approaches John C. Thomas 7 Techniques and Tricks of the Trade of Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopy Richard Schlussel 8 Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty Chad R. Tracy and Craig A. Peters 9 Robotically Assisted Laparoscopic Nephrectomy and Adrenalectomy Arun K. Srinivasan and Lane S. Palmer 10 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy Drew A. Freilich and Hiep T. Nguyen 11 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Ureteral Reimplantation Pasquale Casale 12 Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Bladder Augmentation Raj K. Goel and Jihad H. Kaouk ix

8 x Contents 13 Other Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Genitourinary Operations Neel P. Shah and Jeffrey A. Stock 14 Complications and Management of Pediatric Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery: Prevention and Management Ardavan Akhavan and Jeffrey A. Stock Subject Index

9 Contributors ARDAVAN AKHAVAN Department of Urology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA PASQUALE CASALE Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania Children s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA SEBASTIEN CROUZET Center for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA WALID A. FARHAT Division of Pediatric Urology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada KEVIN M. FEBER Division of Pediatric Urology, Schneider Children s Hospital of the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Long Island, NY, USA DREW A. FREILICH Department of Urology, Harvard Medical School, Children s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA INDERBIR S. GILL Center for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA RAJ K. GOEL Center for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA TROELS MUNCH JØRGENSEN Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark JIHAD H. KAOUK Center for Laparoscopic and Robotic Surgery, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA HIEP T. NGUYEN Department of Urology, Children s Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, USA L. HENNING OLSEN Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark JEFFREY S. PALMER Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Children s Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA LANE S. PALMER Division of Pediatric Urology, Schneider Children s Hospital of the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Long Island, NY, USA CRAIG A. PETERS Division of Pediatric Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA xi

10 xii Contributors YAZAN F. RAWASHDEH Section of Pediatric Urology, Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark RICHARD SCHLUSSEL Pediatric Urology, Morgan Stanley Children s Hospital of New York - Presbyterian, New York, NY, USA NEEL SHAH Department of Urology, University of Medicine and Dentistry, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA ARMINE K. SMITH Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA ARUN K. SRINIVASAN Division of Pediatric Urology, Schneider Children s Hospital of the North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Long Island, NY, USA JEFFREY A. STOCK Pediatric Urology, Mount Sinai Kravis Children s Hospital, New York, NY, USA JOHN C. THOMAS Pediatric Urology, Monroe Carell Jr. Children s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Nashville, TN, USA CHAD R. TRACY Minimally Invasive Surgery and Endourology, Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA