Oligogenicity. MHH Male Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism MHH MHH MHH MHH MHH MRI. hcg. GnRH MHH PROK MHH. GnRH FSH LH T PRL

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1 MHH Male Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism MHH MHH MHH Kallmann KAL FGFR PROK MHH GnRH Oligogenicity MHH MHH MHH MRI hcg GnRH hcg LH hcg T LH FSH GnRH GnRH MHH LH FSH LH FSH LH T PRL MHH /

2 hcg T FSH FSH hmg T GnRH MHH FSH h-rfsh Kallmann hcg IU hmg IU r-hfsh IU hmg r-hfsh hcg T hmg r-hfsh Tanner hcg T hcg hmg r-hfsh /ml hmg r-hfsh /ml r-hfsh r-hfsh vs hcg r-hfsh hmg TRT MHH

3 hmg n r-fsh n P-value ml stage stage /ml /ml N ml stage stage FSH miu/ml LH miu/ml Testosterone pg/ml T T N N P-value hcg FSH Rastrelli hcg FSH FSH hmg FSH FSH r-hfsh hmg Sinsi h-rfsh hmg r-hfsh hmg hcg FSH TRT T LH FSH T TRT hcg FSH TRT TRT TRT LH FSH T FSH T FSH FSH MHH MHH hcg FSH

4 IUI Intrauterine insemination ICSI Intracytoplasmic sperm injection Micro-TESE Microsurgical testicular sperm extraction Micro-TESE / Micro-TESE MHH KAL KAL MHH hcg IU hmg IU r-hfsh IU hcg FSH hcg FSH T E T hcg E pg/ml E T hcg LH FSH T hcg FSH Raivio T GnRH hcg FSH MHH TRT hcg E hcg MHH TRT hcg FSH MHH hcg rhfsh E Micro-TESE IVF ICSI IUI ART

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6 son between idiopathic and secondary hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Hum Fertil, -. Zorn B, Pfeifer M, Virant-Klun I, Meden-Vrtovec H Intracytoplasmic sperm injection as a complement to gonadotrophin treatment in infertile men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism. Int J Androl, -. Fahmy I, Kamal A, Shamloul R, Mansour R, Serour G, Aboulghar M ICSI using testicular sperm in male hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism unresponsive to gonadotrophin therapy. Hum Reprod, -. Akarsu C, Caglar G, Vicdan K, Isik A, Tuncay G Pregnancies achieved by testicular sperm recovery in male hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism with persistent azoospermia. Reprod Biomed Online, -. Santen RJ, Paulsen CAHypogonadotropic eunuchoidism. I. Clinical study of the mode of inheritance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, -. Ballabio A, Bardoni B, Carrozzo R, Andria G, Bick D, Campbell L, Hamel B, Ferguson-Smith M, Gimelli G, Fraccaro M Contiguous gene syndromes due to deletions in the distal short arm of the human X chromosome. Proc Natl Acad Sci, -. Resko JA, Quadri SK, Spies HGNegative feedback control of gonadotropins in male rhesus monkeys : effects of time after castration and interactions of testosterone and estradiol-beta. Endocrinology, -. Raivio T, Falardeau J, Dwyer A, Quinton R, Hayes FJ, Hughes VA,ColeLW,PearceSH,LeeH,BoepplePReversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. N Engl J Med, -. Smith EP, Boyd J, Frank GR, Takahashi H, Cohen RM, Specker B, Williams TC, Lubahn DB, Korach KS Estrogen resistance caused by a mutation in the estrogenreceptor gene in a man. N Engl J Med,