) (f\s7polymerase chain reaction6

Transcription

1 7%8*60 )*&+$%('$%&#"! Y AZFc * )!!" #$%!&'$( AZF AZF!!/45!! 3!! %! " #$% )120 (./ &,-)+* $ 0 AZFc /45 =#%'+< 9:;*087Azoospermia factor6! +!(!1!D'>??)12 C5@AB4$$>??* 0!/8A!'sY>>J>sY>HJ>+sY>>I>+sY>H?I+sY>H?>$!G*!/45 CF0(@% E Multiplex- sequence tagged site- polymerase 6Multiplex STS PCRK*A!'!AZF!F1/5 Chi-square!*-*+ 1CPE' &L%/4.%0NO8M&L%/4.% 7chain reaction 0(A'P?R?G 1CQF' gr/gr T/+(8Sgr/gr +CF O>??*J+8 0(S(8bHRbU T/0(/8bHRbU + G0(S 0/8S+CF O>??*>V/45 +&$ W(NO/* UbHRbV PE-XL*bHRbU 0S 1CPE-XL*+CF Ogr/gr 0S 1C 0ZbHRbU 8 Y#'gr/gr STS$+,'*- $O+,'*- + 6?72?3345?,*<=> / 01:; 97, /-.,) zahrarezaei62@yahoo.com-+#%,)"*'( $%&"!"# )*&)@)+@)%-/045*)*&)@)+@"-123/0).)*&)@"@++-/0).

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3 +!/0...#),-*+ '()%%#$%& )*( ' z1;* +/45&$ ' +sy>h?>+sy>hj>+sy>>j>!(azfc :/STS 07>d56/8A'sY>>I>sY>H?I DNA% $ %T/7Seqence tagged site6 STS - %$N'*NA5G??%H?? ` O rl1 %)/ 0N' ( E1( PCR /; &' 1 % STS 0( ) (f\s7polymerase chain reaction6 0 (A'/4OS)C% -* +N' DcO &; ( STS $ M 01( 1(* $ 1-0- N' NCBI N/' ** STS % sy>h?i+sy>h?>+sy>hj>+sy>>j>(a'/; +Ivvbp+GHvbp+UkGbpd W%CFMY%%sY>>I> 011$./UU?bpUJVbp sy>>i>gacgacacttttgggaagtttcau GaTTGTGTCCAGTGGTGGCTTAaU sy>h?>gaccgacttccacaatggctau GaGGGAGAAAAGTTCTGCAACGaU sy>hj>gataaaaggcagaactgccaggau GaGGGAGAAAAGTTCTGCAACGaU sy>>j>gaccagacgttctaccctttcgau GaGAGCCGAGATCCAGTTACCAaU sy>h?igacctgtgtatctaattatgatgau GaCCTTAAGTTTGTAACAGGGCCaU +STS )/ )O {% sy>hj> A1 z/ sy>>j>{%`01$ f\sgr/gr 0(bHRbU "+UkGbpd W # sy>>j> +sy>>i> PCR 91$ A1 z/ +PCRz/80 Sb>RbU sy>hj> ( A1sY>H?I sy>hj>+sy>>j> 7bHRbV6 AZFc &$ "S +/" S 07>(6(!!AZFc! /45 0(`.`,' "`,'*- "#$! *( 8(CF NC5 O0(q\>??>?? 0(q\/ M T/*( *Or%] B ( O E ]r\s -g5 N@5 /`O 0/8 q\ % - $ N/< $ ( Ds1% )C5 ' &O t +)' XL * )/ 0/8 t''+&'1%"'n A+*&O u'*a'+]edc'+ )/)' 01O8 M 9'; + 5 d p 0 d'u? -)")'d'hgai>) (Dc%8H1g/'' 8 T/ v? (,'*- 8 T/ H? * $ `,' 46 U? (,' " 07 &> & DNA%& D!'OC%* EHml EC*8 &5 s10(o8( 1 EDTA!!!!!!!!! *+!!!(N!!!(!E0!(A'7Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid6 x!/w&bop( %-!%(1"S/*-N'NO8 M *DNA`!08@"8 '5aH?!&!K*A!'!!EA' d #&8 dk!dna!y!&e0!(_\!'!+ O,!'!B>*!8-* O DNANs&m + O,'K0NO8M' P!0/8#'L>G?aH??ng/ml)t' W t!' % DNA#/%4_\'NLB +)/ 0NO8M' +B>*8-d

4 "!.3"2g>RgH!bHRbVbHRbUb>RbU'()1//.+,- µl+pcro!hrgµl!(q!%91$ >?6dNTP mix?rgµl+7d!!!!&g?6mgcl2>rhg!/;hµl+7d >?6NO/;Hµl+7d & q->vrjgµl+!"dnahµl+7d >?6NS8!0!Taq DNA Polymerase?RUµl!F% >µl+pcro!gµl!(q!%!91$ +NO/;7d ;HG6Hµl+dNTP mixhµl+mgcl2 µl+!"dnagµl+ns!8/;7d ;HG6Hµl 0 Taq DNA Polymerase?RIµlF%q-UVRH 91!$+!!' %!&!MG*!C!!!5I?7Annealing6!!!Multiplex-STS-PCR sy>h?i!{%no8`.zv?]8 ' `!.!ZU?]5GkRk7Annealing6 ` /!%BH*8dPCR][ rl0( f!!$/! 0 ( 4-}/ q!m!/~%o<pcr91$h+(/{%!(!1**cf)/0 (`. STS 0/8A'N#{( 1*A1 PCR!)0,1 Multiplex- polymerase 6Multiplex-PCR*CF)/ 0!(A!' g/'f\s%7chain reaction = &\T//;NA5)/1i*$] B)/!$+n!&\4/!'! &,- %PCR!/8A'+( DNAn&\ %y r\!1@c!/!/;n!a5dr%07>u6 d!w!*0 (`.'91$%8 *!Od&'%1(]A/ ]CFM 08f\S sy>>i>+sy>h?i]cfmd W T/4 d91$0(a'4.pcr91$* +sy>>j> +sy>hj>!/;na5@i(7multiplex-sts-pcr6 0NO8`.G?lD. sy>>i>sy>h?>+sy>>j> HGlD!. sy>h?i!{%7pcr6`91$ 0NO8] B! W/;*A's {% NE!'Y!$% Taq DNA PolymeraseD/4!-!( 0!(`!.µl! GNs&mCinnaGenN$( =!&\µlhgpcr`.n@5(1@4

5 +!/0...#),-*+ '()%%#$%&!8!t!O!(S!! 0N( 4!7!BH6 )/1i,'*- 7BJ6>??*OJ0(NO/(8!s d rlqmf' gr/gr +CF /!' j sy>hj>/;na5t' %PCR91$ T!/07HA!(6!S8 STS 0!(S(8gr/gr 7B>6 S!!(Ogr/gr -4-!!PK*kRJvI!!Chi-square$ CF 7B G6>??*OG0(?R??U PCR91!$s d rlqmbhrbu! STS/!' j! sy>>j>!/;na5t' % 7B >6 T/07HB(6S8!-4!-0!(/(8bHRbU K*URv?>Chi-square +bhrbu 0/8#'L(O?R?GVP!7!B U6* UbHRbV N!A5t!' %PCR91!$!s d rlqm!!(n!!o/sy>h?isy>hj>+sy>>j>!!/;!! b>rbu! 07UAUB (6! 7!BG6!G0SS( H6!)!120(NO/sY>H?> 0( / ( 84sY>H?> 7B 0N'SK48C5 1$%sY>H?> '2#' Chi-!*-*z/!-4-L%)/!O O' s1square &!BO!!1/4ON#c!)120/8A'd1$!!!!=#%)\%BJG1W d! QF!']#'L&$0/8#'L!'0!/8!O 1C-s*P?R?G version A>G\cSPSS4O `/W*-4-0NO8`.B15, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL 3 +sy>h?>+sy>>j>+sy>hj>sts*cf)/!!cfmsy>hj>0!/8a'sy>>i>sy>h?i sy>>i>+ukgbpd!w! CFMsY>>J>+GHvbpd W Ivvbpd!W CFMsY>H?>+UU?bpd WCFM z/!0!11$ {%UJVbpd WCFMsY>H?I!{%`!!1S! +S`PCRA1 d!w T/4+')/0( STS PCR91!$*sY>>J>sY>H?I+sY>H?>]!CFM!!!'< CF0(A'4.!CF!N!C59@5)/b$O/45 *A!'--=#%' /45 0N'(E;Plus/minus STSK!5!CF!7B>V6>??*O>V

6 "! #.AZFc#)b98b7!gr/gr*+ '()456/4+,- =>?)B7I"bp#$&:IG+H.C gr/gr*+ '() #C #D/<6/E$&:#%)F C+ CCJ+#KL#D/<6+STS#+/*+G +H.C b98b7*+ '() # C+sY@@A@/<6 F C+sY@9M@/<6=>?)N;;bp#$&:IG+H.sY@9M@+ '()C+.3A2C * #6*+ #D/<6sY@@N@!sY@@A@sY@9A@E$&:#%) /<6=>?)7I"bp!"9;pbE$&:3A@!@N*+ #2II!I*+ G+H..AZFc#)b98bP*+ '()456/5+,- IV!IIIG+H.sY@9MN'()C+.3A2C #D/<6sY@@N@!sY@9M@E$&:#%)F C+sY@@A@!sY@9A@ <6sY@9MN#$&:VI!VIII*+ G+H#%)F C+sY@9MN/<6=>?)7APbp#$&:3A@!@N*+ #D/ 9

7 +!/0...#),-*+ '()%%#$%& 1(* S N/@ 19; NM 07>I61$ T$Y`* $ _* FISH K* A' Fernandes de Vries)12 07>v6 1E; )/' Sequens family 6 SFVs K* A' 'AZFc /45 7variants )/Plus/minus STS*A'Repping07>I6 07G6MCF +STS $* A' Fernandes MCF P/'NC5/45 B > gr/gr B VR>v $ VRH +CF)/ 0 S bhrbu ( 8 O O gr/gr B $ (@1S;+)/107>v6N( 5 +8*' `,' fy#' % AZFc/45 =#% de Llanos 1 "S:; E *'`,'fgr/gr )1C Eloualid'07k61 S,' fbhrbu )1C=#% 07>k6S*'`,' Machev 4 7v6 Hucklenbroich (8) 1CPE7I6 km $SHucklenbroich01O N'(K48AZFc /45 " DAZHDAZ>,$$/ to$ *'`,'f+7gr/gr#$%.68 07v61( Ze $ / $ S]CF E T/N')+8 DAZ*,$ 0(*' `,'f AZFc *(,$C% Fernandes]CF bhrbu gr/gr " 07V+>v6N'(- de Llanos CF S+< L% 8c/gr/gr O 67 8] BY`* $$/ /[ * /+ (,'*-,' " Y#' Yq>> 07>V +>G6 ( g/( )/0( *'`,'< 5 0 (Dc%AZFcAZFb+AZFaNcMU *6*' `,'fn&\]53+ )/ % 1O 7,'*- % d `,' *' `,' f Dc 08 * S0N'E1(* 1Yq>> (AZFbAZFc N' de ]CFWAZFc /45 07>G6 K487>?6Ferlin7>I6Vries Dc %)#$%. )/0( 0 (B AZFcE' nm 4/4 %,'$ & AZF *A&\ AZF 0=#%+ ( 3 + 1$ *'`,' AZFa 0 ( :/ *' `,'nm % SCOS`1'S/* d &'$qm S/* d &' ( nm % AZFb 0N' 0 (* nm %.1)$;& $`,' &nm %/ *'`,' 9$ AZFc AZF +)/10 (`,'D$4 8 :/ % 1O3 01$S/* d &'4/%* :/& f\s% Y5 f\s% rr\$ (Y#'8 )/Y'1 )/11$8 &5`*[m8 *1 "/ K * A' /$ r\s% Nc% $ N' Q< 0 ( O M % +Y `* $ 4-07>?6 (/~%`,' "`,'*- f\s O+PCR*A' )12 +j % 1O f\s% +)/1 01$

8 "! C]CF DAZ,$*T/`$$)/M)C% 7Sequence nucleotid variants6snvsk* %+ ( 5 Yc $ ] B )/ h A' DAZ,$n&\ Single nucleotide variant RFLP-PCR K 11$ L D/4- *A' % +7-PCRRestriction fragment length polymorphism6 0 f\s(,$ 289 RS?6ETUV6!+!Q K!$= +D WX # RS? C! RS?3Y2CR%CLL *+ *+=!ER6 + # *!] Z- * X [\ =L! *! References._ *L^L!6#? 1. Balkan M, Tekes S, Gedik A. Cytogenetic and Y chromosome microdeletion screening studies in infertile males with Oligozoospermia and Azoospermia in Southeast Turkey. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25(11-12): Yeom HJ, Her YS, Oh MJ, Paul S, Park MS, Yeoun JP, et al. Application of multiplex bead array assay for Yq microdeletion analysis in infertile males. Mol Cell Probes 2008; 22(2): Krausz C, Giachini C, Xue Y, O'Bryan MK, Gromoll J, Rajpert-de ME, et al. Phenotypic variation within European carriers of the Y- chromosomal gr/gr deletion is independent of Y-chromosomal background. J Med Genet 2009; 46(1): $ S 1C PE - XL* ( 07k6( FEgr/gr =#%*$ FernandesCFSbHRbU O )/ + ]A 4 ( 8 + PE - XL* ( 8)]A% )/=#%`1S$S 1C O c/ 07>v6 ( FE -XL*+(8sY>H?> d +)/1 0 S 1C PE 1/O((ZsY>H?> 0MZ~%NL%*' `,' MF-z/' gr/gr U,$bHRbU $/5-*0 -XL*8 DAZV H>,$ N')+Z +)/10MZ~%NL%DAZ (DAZ,$*E$ (@1S; 4. Fernandes S, Huellen K, Goncalves J, Dukal H, Zeisler J, Rajpert De ME, et al. High frequency of DAZ1/DAZ2 gene deletions in patients with severe oligozoospermia. Mol Hum Reprod 2002; 8(3): Repping S, van Daalen SK, Korver CM, Brown LG, Marszalek JD, Gianotten J, et al. A family of human Y chromosomes has dispersed throughout northern Eurasia despite a 1.8-Mb deletion in the azoospermia factor c region. Genomics 2004; 83(6): Machev N, Saut N, Longepied G, Terriou P, Navarro A, Levy N, et al. Sequence family variant loss from the AZFc interval of the human Y chromosome, but not gene copy loss, is strongly associated with male infertility. J Med Genet 2004; 41(11): :

9 +!/0...#),-*+ '()%%#$%& 7. Hucklenbroich K, Gromoll J, Heinrich M, Hohoff C, Nieschlag E, Simoni M. Partial deletions in the AZFc region of the Y chromosome occur in men with impaired as well as normal spermatogenesis. Hum Reprod 2005; 20(1): de Llanos M, Ballesca JL, Gazquez C, Margarit E, Oliva R. High frequency of gr/gr chromosome Y deletions in consecutive oligospermic ICSI candidates. Hum Reprod 2005; 20(1): Lu C, Zhang J, Li Y, Xia Y, Zhang F, Wu B, et al. The b2/b3 subdeletion shows higher risk of spermatogenic failure and higher frequency of complete AZFc deletion than the gr/gr subdeletion in a Chinese population. Hum Mol Genet 2009; 18(6): Ferlin A, Tessari A, Ganz F, Marchina E, Barlati S, Garolla A, et al. Association of partial AZFc region deletions with spermatogenic impairment and male infertility. J Med Genet 2005; 42(3): Stouffs K, Lissens W, Tournaye H, Haentjens P. What about gr/gr deletions and male infertility? Systematic review and metaanalysis. Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17(2): Shahid M, Dhillon VS, Khalil HS, Sexana A, Husain SA. Associations of Y-chromosome subdeletion gr/gr with the prevalence of Y- chromosome haplogroups in infertile patients. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19(1): Ravel C, Chantot-Bastaraud S, El Houate B, Rouba H, Legendre M, Lorenco D, et al. Y- chromosome AZFc structural architecture and relationship to male fertility. Fertil Steril 2009; 92(6): Li Z, Haines CJ, Han Y. "Micro-deletions" of the human Y chromosome and their relationship with male infertility. J Genet Genomics 2008; 35(4): Meschede D, Horst J. The molecular genetics of male infertility. Mol Hum Reprod 1997; 3(5): de Vries JW, Hoffer MJ, Repping S, Hoovers JM, Leschot NJ, van der Veen F. Reduced copy number of DAZ genes in subfertile and infertile men. Fertil Steril 2002; 77(1): Fernandes AT, Fernandes S, Goncalves R, Sa R, Costa P, Rosa A, et al. DAZ gene copies: evidence of Y chromosome evolution. Mol Hum Reprod 2006; 12(8): Eloualid A, Rhaissi H, Reguig A, Bounaceur S, El Houate B, Abidi O, et al. Association of spermatogenic failure with the b2/b3 partial AZFc deletion. PLoS One 2012; 7(4): e ;

10 "! Molecular Study of Partial Deletions of AZFc Region of the Y Chromosome in Infertile Men Rezaei Z., M.Sc. 1*, Motovali-Bashi M., Ph.D. 2, Hojati Z., Ph.D. 2, Mahmoudi R., Ph.D Department of Genetics, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran 2. Assistant Professor, Department of Genetics, School of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 3. Associate Professor, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran * Corresponding author; zahrarezaei62@yahoo.com Abstract Background & Aims: The most significant cause of infertility in men is the genetic deletion in the azoospermia factor (AZF) region that is caused by the process of intra- and inter-chromosomal homologous recombination in amplicons. Homologous recombination could also result in partial deletions in AZF region. The aim of this research was to determine the association between the partial AZFc deletions and infertility. Methods: The blood samples were taken from 100 infertile men who referred to the Infertility Center of Isfahan Iran. 100 healthy matched people were also selected as the control group. The five markers of sy1201 sy1206 sy1161 sy1291, and sy1191 were applied in order to study partial deletions. Partial deletions were analyzed in AZF region using the Multiplex STS PCR technique. The chi-square test was conducted to check the difference between pretest and posttest. Differences were considered significant if P < Results: 9% of studied persons showed gr/gr deletion (in the patient group). Only one case of gr/gr deletion was observed in the control group. Five patients showed b2/b3 deletion. One b2/b3 deletion was seen in the control group. The b2/b4 deletion was observed in 3 patients. In conclusion partial deletions were observed in 14% of the patients. The statistical analysis of the gr/gr deletion in the study indicates a meaningful difference, but b2/b3 deletion does not represent a meaningful difference. Conclusion: Our results suggest that gr/gr deletions are associated with spermatogenic failure, and there is no association between b2/b3 deletion and infertility. Keywords: Infertility, Deleted azoospermia Azoospermia factor STS marker Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2013; 20(5): <