Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

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1 Laparoscopic Surgery

2 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC

3 Ronald C. Merrell, MD, FACS Lampman Professor and Chairman, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Editor Robert M. Olson III, MD Fellow, Department of Surgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Associate Editor Laparoscopie Surgery A Colloquium With 112 Illustrations t Springer

4 Ronald C. Merrell, MD, FACS Lampman Professor and Chairman Department of Surgery Yale University School of Medicine New Haven, CT 06510, USA Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Laparoscopie surgery : a colloquium / [edited by] Ronald C. Merrell. p. cm. Inc1udes bibliographieal references and index. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Laparoscopie surgery. 2. Abdomen-Endoscopie surgery. 1. Merrell, Ronald c., [DNLM: 1. Surgical Procedures, Laparoscopic congresses. WO 505 L ] RD540.L '.05-DC Printed on acid-free paper Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc. in 1999 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 1999 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or here- after developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely byanyone. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Production coordinated by Chemow Editorial Services, Inc., and managed by Tim Taylor; manufacturing supervised by Jacqui Ashri. Typeset by Best-set Typesetter Ud., Hong Kong ISBN SPIN

5 This book is dedicated to C. Elton Cahow, MD Carmalt Professor of Surgery at Yale We acknowledge his leadership; we seek to emulate his clinical skill; we celebrate his life.

6 Preface In May 1997 the Faculty of Surgery from the University of Athens and elsewhere gathered with colleagues in Athens for the third time in 6 years to continue our discussions on the progress, problems, realization, and future of laproscopic surgery. The topics were rather inclusive with regard to the issues that defined the field, and the assembled investigators, educators, and clinicians brought a rich experience and clear vision of the field in the coming years. The decision had been made months before to collect our thoughts and experience as a colloquium of the state of laproscopic surgery in the tenth year following the report of Mouret on laparoscopic cholecystectomy, not as the proceedings of the specific meeting. At the end of a decade of mercurial advance, heated debate, professional turmoil, and very little science, it was clear that general surgery would never be the same. Laproscopic surgery is now fully established and requires accommodation in the curriculum, practice, and research of surgery for the foreseeable future. This book is called a colloquium on laparoscopy because it collects the thoughts of many workers in the form of consensus presentations. It is offered to any surgeon who is ready to survey this field with clear eyes, absent of emotion or hyperbole, in our evolution of a better standard of care for surgical patients. I offer my profound gratitude to Professor Basil Golematis for his friendship and collegiality in planning the meetings between Yale and the University of Athens. I thank the contributing authors for their efforts and the scholarship that supports these pages. All of us express our gratitude for the life and work of our friend Professor Elton Cahow, Carmalt Professor of Surgery at Yale, for his leadership, vision, and energy in making laparoscopic surgery a matter of excellence and common effort in our work as surgeons. Professor Cahow initiated this conference, and to him we dedicate the colloquium. Ronald C. Merrell, MD, FACS vii

7 Acknowledgment The support of the United States Surgical Corporation is gratefully acknowledged. Its funds permitted the interactions and personal contacts that led to this work. Ronald C. Merrell ix

8 Contents Preface Acknowledgment Contributors vii ix xv Part I 8iHary Surgery 1 A voidance of Complications in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Margret Oddsdottir 2 Common Bile Duct Stones: Endoscopic Extraction or Laparoscopic Management Andreas A. Polydorou 3 Techniques and Results of Laparoscopic Common Bile Duct Exploration Joseph B. Petelin 4 Operative Strategy for Acute Cholecystitis and Other Difficult Situations James C. Rosser Jr. 5 Bile Duct Injuries Ioannis G. Kaklamanos and Dana K. Andersen Part II Gastric and Esophageal Surgery 6 Endogastric Surgery Margret Oddsdottir 87 xi

9 xii Contents 7 Anatomy and Clinical Outcomes in Surgery for Esophageal Reflux 95 Ritat Latiji, James C. Rosser Jr., and Harold Brem 8 Pathophysiology of Esophageal Reflux 103 James C. Rosser Jr., Ritat Latiji, and Harold Brem 9 Technique of Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication 115 James C. Rosser Jr. and Harold Brem 10 Laparoscopic Esophageal Surgery in Achalasia 126 Margret Oddsdottir 11 Laparoscopic Transhiatal Esophagectomy 134 Joseph B. Petelin 12 Laparoscopic Ulcer Surgery 144 Theodore Diamantis 13 Laparoscopic Band Plication for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity 157 Konstantinos Konstantinidis, Michael Vorias, George Sambalis, and Michael Georgiou Part III Other Abdominal Procedures 14 In Search of a Role for Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair 167 Ritat Latifi, Harold Brem, and James C. Rosser Jr. 15 Laparoscopic Colectomy for Benign and Malignant Disease 180 Joseph B. Petelin 16 Laparoscopic Splenectomy 192 Periclis J. Tzardis and Vasil/is Laopodis 17 Evaluation and Technique of Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy 204 Frank G. Scholl and Barbara K. Kinder 18 Laparoscopic Placement of Feeding Tubes 212 Robert Bell and James C. Rosser Jr. 19 Live Donor Nephrectomy 224 John L. Flowers

10 Contents xiii Part IV Education and Training 20 The Yale Curriculum for Laparoscopic Surgery James C. Rosser Jr. 21 Current Status of Virtual Reality Surgical Simulators Richard M. Satava 22 Problem-Based Learning: The Live Animal Model Spyros G. Condos Part V Laparoscopic Surgery in the Future 23 Generalist versus Specialist in Laparoscopic Surgery Ronald C. Merrell and Robert M. Olson III 24 Beyond Laparoscopic Surgery: Robotics and Telepresence Surgery Richard M. Satava 25 Laparoscopic Surgery in the Elderly Ronnie Ann Rosenthal 26 Minimally Invasive Surgery in Breast Pathology E.A. Leandros, G.D. Kymionis, and M.M. Konstadoulakis 27 Ethical Problems Posed by Laparoscopic Surgery Ronald C. Merrell Index

11 Contributors Dana K. Andersen, MD cr 06520, USA Robert Bell, MD Harold Brem, MD Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY , USA Spyros G. Condos, MD Theodore Diamantis, MD Department of Surgery, University of Athens, Athens, Greece John L. Flowers, MD Department of Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA Michael Georgiou, MD Iatrikon Kentron Hospital, Athens, Greece Ioannis G. Kaklamanos, MD, PhD Barbara K. Kinder, MD Konstantinos Konstantinidis, MD Iatrikon Kentron Hospital, Athens, Greece xv

12 XVI Contributors M.M. Konstadoulakis, MD Hippokrateion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece G.D. Kymionis, MD Hippokrateion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Vasil/is Laopodis, MD Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece Rifat Latiji, MD E.A. Leandros, MD Hippokrateion Hospital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Ronald C. Merrell, MD, FACS Margret Oddsdottir, MD Department of Surgery, University of Iceland Medical School, IS-101 Reykjavik, Iceland Robert M. Olson III, MD Joseph B. Petelin, MD Department of Surgery, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS , USA Andreas A. Polydorou, MD Hippokrateion Hosital, University of Athens, Athens, Greece Ronnie Ann Rosenthal, MD James C. ("Butch") Rosser Jr., MD George Sambalis, MD Iatrikon Kentron Hospital, Athens, Greece Richard M. Satava, MD

13 Contributors xvii Frank G. Scholl, MD Periclis J. Tzardis, MD Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece Michael Vorias, MD Iatrikon Kentron Hospital, Athens, Greece