CREATION OF SUSTAINABLE TSETSE FREE AREAS IN THE NORTH-WEST AND NORTH-EAST GEOPOLITICAL ZONES OF NIGERIA.

Transcription

1 CREATION OF SUSTAINABLE TSETSE FREE AREAS IN THE NORTH-WEST AND NORTH-EAST GEOPOLITICAL ZONES OF NIGERIA. BY Dede, P.M.; Enwezor, F.N. and Mamman M. PATTEC-Nigeria, Nigerian Institute for Trypanosomiasis Research, P. M. B. 2077, Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

2 Tsetse distribution in Nigeria About 70% of Nigeria landmass is infested with 11 Glossina spp. Other biting flies - mechanical transmitters HAT A disease conquered in the1960s is reemerging, shift to the south. In February, 2010, out of 470 subjects screened 4 and 44 samples were parasitologically and seropositive respectively. In 2011, out of 2 reported cases (North & South), 1 was confirmed CATT positive & died AAT Animal trypanosomiasis occur in all the states of the federation, including the FCT Its a major constraint to livestock production, mixed farming, with More than 17 million cattle being exposed to risk of trypanosomiasis.

3 PATTEC-NIGERIA MISSION STATEMENT - Support the national effort to ensure food security and reduce poverty through eradication of tsetse and trypanosomiasis from Nigeria using integrated methods and involving all stakeholders. OBJECTIVES 1. To establish and maintain a database on the vector and the disease 2. To improve on the periodic tsetse and trypanosomiasis surveillance and information flow. 3. To create awareness and involve the local communities in sustaining tsetse and trypanosomiasis activities. 4. To eradicate tsetse and nagana for effective livestock and crop production. 5. To promote human health through elimination of human African trypanosomiasis from the country. 6. To ensure utilization of reclaimed lands for economic activities. 7. Capacity building through manpower and infrastructural development

4 THE STRATEGY FOR ERADICATION The Technical Committee developed a strategic plan Demarcation of the country into operational zones. The Country has been demarcated along its 6 Geopolitical zones. (NW, NE, NC, SW, SE & SS), Taking into consideration, the natural barriers i.e. the tsetse-free area North of Lat. 12 o N and the Adamawa Mountain range on the eastern axis. -Tsetse eradication activities in the six geopolitical zones will be tackled individually beginning with the North-West and North-East zones, until the country is covered. THE PROPOSED PROJECT AREAS (ZONE A: North-West and ZONE B: North-East) To ease operation, the zones are further sub-divided into sub-zones representing states in the zone i.e.sokoto, Katsina, Kebbi, Zamfara, Kano and Kaduna in NW. - Each state is further subdivided into operational blocks of 4-5. LGAs.The eradication campaign will commence at the Northern extreme of the zone and spread southwards

5 A B C D There shall be 5 phases of activities, namely: i. Awareness creation, Project Area Delineation and Baseline data collection stage (Ento, Para, Envi etc) ii Barrier erection and Population suppression. iii Mop-up stage using Sterile Male Release Technique (SMRT) iv Monitoring and Evaluation of the impact of instituted control measures. v. Planned post eradication land development programme. The activities will be organized in such a roll-up carpet implementation fashion. Roll-Up Carpet Intervention Approach Base-line data collection Population suppression SM Releases Tsetse free zone Temporasry barrier in potential contact zones Diagram showing the different phases of a SIT-based areawide integrated IPM program against riverine tsetse populations in 4 Operational Blocks (A-D)

6 Planned activities Delineation of PATTEC operational blocks in Jigawa State Expected results Division of the state into 6 operational blocks for ease of operation Achievement Jigawa state delineated into 6 operational blocks Constraints or reason for deviation None Remarks Pre-survey visit to Jigawa State: In preparation for the launching of PATTEC- Nigeria field activities in Jigawa State, the DG/CEO, NITR, the Project Officer, his deputy and other team leaders undertook a pre-survey visit to jigawa State Organised a GIS/RS workshop for personnel of major stakeholders held at NASRDA A well sensitized government officials at state & local government levels, officials of Miyetti Allah Association, affected rural Communities, etc, on the activities of the PATTEC in the state. Build human capacity in major stakeholders for the implementation of PATTEC in Nigeria. Officials of key ministries and departments at state and local government were sensitized, also officials of miyetti Allah association, herd owners and rural communities were sensitized. This could be seen in the cooperation given. Participants could use hand held GPS machine in geo-referencing data collection points in the field None One week was too short for the training. Its was constraint by lack of funds.

7 Components implementation and results contd Planned activities Baseline data collection in Jigawa State a) Entomologic al baseline survey - 2 field teams, each covering a Local Govt. Area (approx , 10x10klm grids) per day b) Parasitologi cal baseline survey (AAT) Expected results Achievement Generate entomological data on fly species, apparent density and trypanosomes infection rates in all the 27 llgas in Jigawa State. Prevalence rate of trypanosomiasis in resident and transhumant livestock in Jigawa State Entomological data collected in 25 LGAs of the State. Although no tsetse flies were caught, other flies caught include Tabanids, Stomoxys spp, and Musca spp Altogether 2,135 animals were screened. Results showed a prevalence of 3.09% Constraints or reason for deviation The set targets were achieved without any deviation. Coverage was constraint by limited funds. More livestock would have been sampled. Remarks The absence of tsetse from the fly collection does not mean that Jigawa State is tsetse free. Monitoring in both wet and dry season will have to continue for three (3) consecutive years. The disease is being sustained by the transhumant husbandry practice by herd owners and the role of mechanical transmitters in the disease spread.

8 Components implementation and results contd Planned activities Expected results c)parasitologic al baseline survey (HAT) Tsetse colonisation and mass rearing Prevalence rate of trypanosomias in humans in Jigawa State Established self sustaining tsetse colonies of economic important tsetse flies Achievement 25 LGAs covered. 8,253 were screened, 51 seropositives recorded, all negative with trypanolysis Closed colonies of Glossina p. palpalis and G. m. submorsitans are been maintained at 5,000 stock females for future expansion, while efforts are also being made to colonise G. tachinoides and G. longipalpis. l Constraints or reason for deviation Inadequate funding, lack modern tsetse rearing equipment Remarks

9 RECENT KEY EVENTS/ACHIEVEMENTS -Tsetse suppression is on-going at the Yankari Game Reserve, Bauchi State. Results so far has shown progressive decline in tsetse fly density from 322 flies/trap/day to 110 flies. -Working on a joint proposal with the Bauchi State Government towards T & T control/eradication in the entire State. - Personnel of PATTEC-Nigeria have relocated to the new PCMU. The new PCMU is adequately provided with furniture, office equipment and a conference hall. - The PCMU has acquired equipment and materials for its field operations in the adjourning States of Katsina, Bauchi and Kano - In July, visited the Slovak mass rearing facility and also held discussion with a company that is into production tsetse fly mass rearing equipment, hoping to acquire same for its planned modern mass rearing facility in Vom, Plateau State.

10 Planned future activities - Organise zonal advocacy and public awareness workshops in the NW and NE. - Delineate and baseline data collection in Katsina, Kano and Bauchi States. - We are optimistic that IAEA will sponsor the planned visit to tsetse rearing facilities at Bobo Dioulasso, B. Faso and Kaliti, Ethiopia to discuss and seek expert advice on Nigeria s planned to construct and equip a modern tsetse mass rearing facilities in Vom. Challenges/constraints - Protracted insecurity in the North-eastern Nigeria - Continuous low funding from Government. - So far no support from non governmental organisation

11 THANK YOU