FMD Control Initiatives in Bangladesh

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1 FMD Control Initiatives in Bangladesh Dr. Md. Mohsin Ali Dr. Md. Ainul Haque Department of Livestock Services, Bangladesh

2 Country Profile In Short Bangladesh is a Republic of South Asia It is bordered on the west, north, and east by India, on the southeast by Burma (Myanmar), and on the south by the Bay of Bengal. Area- 147,570 square kilometers (56,977 square miles). Population million (2008); (2011 projected) Urban million Rural million

3 Country Profile In Short Population Density 979 / square kilometer Population Growth Rate Contribution of Livestock in GDP 2.57 Bangladesh has an agrarian economy following a mixed economy that operates on free market principles

4 Livestock Population No. in million Year Species Cattle Buffalo Goat Sheep

5 Scenario of Husbandry System 20 years back cattle were reared for mainly for draft power Mechnisation has changed the entire scenario Cattle are reared for Beef Milk production Farmers are in a better position to spent money for prevent disease and conditions damaging to their farm All most rearing is Extensive system except a few

6 FMD situation in Bangladesh The Disease is Endemic in the Country Major risk factors Infected animal Cross border informal movement of animal Unregulated animal and animal product movement Nomadic pig herds High animal and human density Disease takes an epidemic proportion after a gap of few years

7 FMD situation in Bangladesh Morbidity of the disease is about % in adults and 5% in goat and sheep. Mortality found mainly in calves (51%) Disease cause huge loss in production specially in cross bed animal Annual loss due to FMD has been estimated at about US $ 125 million per year. Type O is dominant followed by type A. Recently Asia -1 has found. Topo type ME- SA, strain ; Strain Ind 2001 and Unnamed strain

8 Temporal Pattern of FMD Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

9 Drivers of Animal Movement There is a huge demand of beef in Bangladesh and local production cannot meet the demand Income escalation and urbanization two important factors contributing in burgeoning demand of beef Fish is becoming scarce as natural habitat of fish is shrinking and the price of alternative of meat is getting soar

10 Surveillance Passive surveillance system does exist ; monthly reports come from field to DLS HQ. Recently web based disease reporting system has been established ( Limited Sero-surveillance has been carried out but it is planned in strategy in a larger scale. DLS has planned training for outbreak investigation, initially veterinarians of FDILS and District Veterinary Hospitals will be trained Tissue and serum samples will be collected and analyzed

11 Laboratory Network The country has a Central Disease Investigation Laboratory, 7 Field Disease Investigation Laboratories and 63 District Veterinary Hospitals with mini laboratory Two veterinarians are trained on diagnostics techniques in the lead laboratory The laboratories are not equipped for sub-typing but CDIL is trying to establish facilities ELISA kits supplied by lead laboratory has being using by CDIL for FMD virus subtyping.

12 Activity Assessment Matrix Activities Value Chain Analysis Participatory rural appraisal Stakeholder consultation Workshops Analysis of existing data Current Status Not done. Regional HPED project has a plan to carry out Passive and/or active FMD monitoring system Serological survey Risk assessment to identify important risk hotspots for FMD transmission including wildlife Passive surveillance exist but limited active monitoring Initiated recently at very limited scale Not done

13 Activity Assessment Matrix Activities Socio economic impact analysis Analysis of secondary data Key informant interviews Primary data collection and analysis. Current Status At limited scale done in 1991 ; Key informant interviews were not done. Serological survey Initiated recently at very limited scale Representative Sampling and laboratory testing for FMDV from different production and geographic region on a regular basis Sample send to international reference laboratory Done on very irregular basis ; CDIL has started on a small scale Sent time to time

14 Activities Activity Assessment Matrix Training to support field and laboratory activities Current Status Central Lab staff trained ; field staff training planned Develop information system to support field activities, outbreak reporting and decision making Assess effectiveness of legal framework to allow the Veterinary Services carry out FMD control activities. Reporting system developed on monthly basis ; Emergency Reporting is seldom practiced Not assessed yet.

15 Activity Assessment Matrix Activities Outbreaks notified to OIE Current Status Done by annual and six monthly report Analysis of data about the epidemiology of FMD and husbandry systems Recently attempts are made to analysis Conduct a preliminary risk assessment to identify critical points for FMD entry and spread. Vaccination Quality assessment and vaccination monitoring Not done yet Vaccination coverage is very low Performance is poor

16 Strategy for the Progressive Control of Foot and Mouth Disease in Bangladesh (Draft ) To understand the epidemiology of the disease in the country To establish a significant immune population that would decrease the virus load in the environment To understand the flow of livestock and livestock products within and into the country and thereby allowing the government and other stakeholders to take appropriate measures on managing animal movement to reduce the risk of spread of the disease To identify all stakeholders and mobilize them to action by actively participating in the FMD Control Program To build human resources and facilities in veterinary service following the strategic guideline for controlling FMD

17 Salient Activities of the Strategy Disease Epidemiology, Surveillance and Lab system : Outbreak investigation, sample collection and analysis Motivation for reporting of FMD ; Regular publication of reports Epidemiological studies and risk analysis Targeted surveillance in high risk areas Sero and clinical surveillance covering different geographical area and production system Spatial and temporal mapping Establishment of National Reference Laboratory Capacity building of Field Laboratories Capacity building of Vaccine production

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19 Communication and advocacy Except the example of limited mass media communication animal health communication did not get much attention KAP survey may be a strong tool to understand the type of communication intervention needed and strategy suggest undertaking a KAP Use of NGOs for interpersonal and Focus Group discussion for behaviour change Advocacy with policy makers of all level so that they understand the importance of funding in FMD control Economic Impact analysis might be helpful to convince policy makers

20 Regional collaboration Bangladesh government is always supportive to any regional effort The following areas could be considered for collaboration Regional value chain analysis to understand the drivers and dynamic of animal movement Delegation of power to local veterinary authorities of bordering districts to share outbreak information Consultation with all the stake holders ( border forces and non formal traders ) to find a workable solution - Laboratory networking & Data Sharing

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