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1 ACAROLOGIA A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959 Publishing on all aspects of the Acari All information: acarologia@supagro.inra.fr Acarologia is proudly non-profit, with no page charges and free open access Please help us maintain this system by encouraging your institutes to subscribe to the print version of the journal and by sending us your high quality research on the Acari. Subscriptions: Year 2017 (Volume 57): Previous volumes ( ): 250 / year (4 issues) Acarologia, CBGP, CS 30016, MONTFERRIER-sur-LEZ Cedex, France The digitalization of Acarologia papers prior to 2000 was supported by Agropolis Fondation under the reference ID through the «Investissements d avenir» programme (Labex Agro: ANR-10-LABX ) Acarologia is under free license and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-BY-NC-ND which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

2 CHIGGERS (ACARINA : TROMBICULIDAE) PARASITIZING SMALL MAMMALS IN GALICIA (NW SPAIN) BY A. PEREIRA-LORENZO * MICROMAMîFEROS ACAROS TROMBICÛLIDOS GALICIA (ESPANA) SMALL MAMMALS, TROMBICULID CHIGGERS GALICIA (SPAIN) MICRO MAMMIFÈRES TROMBICULIDES GALICIE (ESPAGNE) RESUMEN : Se ha efectuado un estudio faunistico de los acaros trombiculidos parasitos de 597 micromamiferos en Galicia (Espafia). Hemos identificado nueve especies de las cuales Neotrombicula (Neotrombicula) dubinini, N. (Hirsutiella) zachvatkini, Heaslipia tarda,leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) silvaticum, Helenicula olsufjeri, Schoutedenichia dipodilli y Cheladonta ikaoensis se citan por primera vez en Espafia. SUMMARY :We report a study of the trombiculid chiggers parasitizing a sample of 597 sm ail mammals from Galicia (Spain). Nine species. were identified, of which Neotrombicula (Neotrombicula) dubinini, lf. (Hirsutiella) zachvatkini, Heaslipia tarda, Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) silvaticum, Helenicula olsufjeri, Schoutedenichia dipodilli and Cheladonta ikaoensis are cited for the first time in Spain. RÉsUMÉ: Nous rendons compte de l'étude de trombiculides qui parasitaient un lot de 597 micromammifères de Galicie (Espagne). Neuf espèces ont été identifiées, parmi lesquelles Neotrombicula (N.) dubinini, N.(Hirsutiella) zachvatkini, Heaslipia tarda, Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) silvaticum, H elenicula olsufjeri, Schoutedenichia dipodilli et Cheladonta ikaoensis sont signalées pour la première fois en Espagne. INTRODUCTION Chiggers of the family Trombiculidae are only parasitic in their larval stage. Their hosts are typically small mammals, but under certain cir- \ cums tances infection of man or domèstic animais may occur. For this reason, and given the current scarcity of information about this type of mite in Spain, we have carried out the present survey of trombiculid larvae para si tic on small mammals. Individuals of this ho st group tend to act as carriers of many of the principal microbial and parasitic pathogens of the region ; we thus hope to be able to contribute to a greater understanding of the processes of pathogen transmission from wild animais to man and livestock. MA TERIAL AND METHODS The host sample consisted of 597 small mammals (rodents, insectivores and chiropterans) captured in various localities of Galicia (Map l and Table 1). Following capture, host specimens were kept separate during transfer to the laboratory. Deparasitization followed Lipovsky's (1951) method. AlI ectoparasites found were stored in 70 ethanol until identification. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Of the 597 host specimens examined, 297 were parasitised; overall infection prevalence was thus % (Table II). * Laboratorio de Parasitologia. Departamento de Mierobiologia y Parasitologia. Faeultad de Farmaeia. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. Santiago de Compostela. Espaîia. Acaro/agia, t. XXXIV, fase. 4, 1993.

3 La Cor'una Lugo MAP 1 : Localities of the four Galician provinces where the hosts were collected. La Corunà 1. Ames; 2. Brion; 3. Cambre; 4. Carballo; 5. Coristanco ; 6. La Coruiia; 7. Curtis; 8. Dodro; 9. 0 Pino; 10. Padron; Il. Rois ;12. Santiago; 13. Teo; 14. Val do Dubra. Lugo: 1. Monforte de Lemos; 2. 0 Caurel. Orense : 1. 0 Bolo. Pontevedra: 1. Cangas de Morrazo; 2. Covelo; 3. Nigran; 4. 0 Grove; 5. Ponteareas; 6. Salvaterra do Miiio; 7. Valga; 8. Vigo; 9. Vila de Cruces.

4 -325- TABLE 1. Localities and dates of capture of the dilferent hosts. ASY = Apodemus sy/va/icus ; MAG = Micro/us agrestis; MDO = Mus domesticus; RNO = RaI/us norvegicus ; RRA = RaI/us rai/us; CRU = Crocidura russu/a ; CSU = Crocidura suaveo/ens; EEU = Erinaceus europaeus ; SAR = Sorex araneus; TOC = Ta/pa occiden/alis ;ESE = Ep/esicus serotinus; PPI = Pipis/rel/us pipistrel/us; RFE = Rin%plzus Jerrumequinum; RHI = Rin%phus hipposideros. ~I RODENTIA INSECTIVOREA CmRoPTERA LoCALITIES J ASY MDO RRA RNO MAG CRU CSU SAR TOC EEU RFE RHI PPI ESE PONTEVEDRA Cangas 1 de Morrazo Covelo 6 IX-84 Nigran 1 2 XII-83 XlI-83 VII- o Grove IV-83 IV-83 Ponteareas 1-84 XI-84 Salvaterra 3 2 do Miiio XI-84 IX-84 VIII-85 1/11-85 VIII-85 Valga 19 Vigo Vila V-85 X-84 de Cruces VlII-85 VlI-85 LA CORUNA Ames IX Xl-83 VI XI Brion Cambre 2 XI-83 XI-83 XI XlI-83 III-84 XI-83 X-85 VI-85 XI Carballo III-86 Coristanco Curtis 1 2 Dodro 42 X-84 III-86 IX-84 X-84 X-84 III V XII-8S III IV-8S IV-85 IV-85 La Coruiia VII-84 X-84 o Pino 2 X-84 Xl-83 XlI-83 VIIfXl-84 Padron XI-84 Xl-84 XlI-84 III-85 III-85 III-85 XII-84 IV-85 VlII-85

5 RODENTIA LoCALITIES ASY MDO RRA RNO MAG CRU ~ Rois VI-85 VI-85 IX/X-85 Santiago X-85 IX-85, XI XI V-84 VfX-84 Teo XI-85 IV IV-85 Val 2 IV-83 V-83 do Dubra III-83 LuGO Monforte 5 de Lemos XII-85 o Caurel 11 V-85 ORENSE o Bolo III-86 TOTAL INSECTIVOREA CH!ROPTERA CSU SAR TOC EEU RFE RHI PPI ESE 1 VIII III/XI-85 V-83 IX-85 VII-85 1 IV-86 2 VfVI TABLE II : Prevalence of infestation of each of the hosts species captured HOSTS CAPTURED INFECTED PREVALENCE RODENTIA ASY ,81 % MAG 2 50% MDO ,12% RRA 5 0 RNO ,5 % INSECTIVORA CRU % CSU % EEU 5 20% SAR 7 0 TOC ,14% CHIROPTERA ESE RFE 7 RHI 2 PPI 3 TOTAL ,73 % The nine species identified (with their respective infection prevalences in brackets) were : Neotrombicula (Neotrombicula) autumnalis (21.94 %); N. (N.) dubinini (3.51 %) ; N. (Hirsutiella) zachvatkini (1.67 %); Heaslipia tarda (9.04 %); Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) europaeum (3.01 %); L. (L.) silvaticum (5.69 %); Helenicula olsufjeri (26.96 %); Schoutedenichia dipodilli (2.68 %) and Cheladonta ikaoensis (1.67 %). Table III show the chigger species collected from each host species, along with the respective infection prevalences. The absence of chiggers from the chiropterans examined, as well as from Rattus rattus and Sorex araneus, is quite possibly not of any significance but rather sim ply due to the small number of specimens of these ho st types examined. Neotrombicula (Neotrombicula) autumnalis Hirst, 1915 Diagnosis : Sensillae slender. SIF = 7B.Sf Nf3f f ; fpp = BfBfN.N.B; fcx = ; NDV = (ID = 2H ) ; fst = 2f2. (Measurements in Table IV). As can be seen from Table III, this chigger tends to infect a wide range of hosts ; the same observation was made by KEPKA (1964), DANIEL (1972), VAN BRONSWJIK (1977), KOLEBINOVA (1983) and VERCAMMEN-GRANDJEAN (1985). In Spain, however, the species has only been reported previously

6 -327- TABLE III : Distribution of chigger species and rodent on insectivore hosts. OPrevalence. INFECTED HOSTS ASY MAG MDO RRA SPECIES FOUND N. (N.) aulumnalis 111(31,62%) 1(50 %) 3(2,42 %) N. (N.) dubinini 14 (3,99 %) 1 (0,8 %) N. (H.) zachvalkini 10 (0,28 %) Heaslipia larda 46(13,1 %) 1 (50%) 2(1,61 %) L. (L.) europaeum 12(3,42 %) 1 (0,8 %) L. (L.) silvaticum 29 (8,26 %) He/enicu/a o/sufjeri 138 (39,31 %) 15 (12,09 %) S. (B.) dipodilli 15 (4,27 %) Che/adonta ikaoensis 6(1,71 %) 1 (0,8 %) RNO CRU CSU EEU SAR TOC 7(17,5 %) 4 (12,5 %) 1 (25 %) 1 (20%) 3 (21,43 %) 5 (12,5 %) 1 (3,12 %) 2 (6,25 %) 1 (25%) 2(14,28 %) 5 (12,5 %) 5 (15,62 %) 8(20%) 1 (2,5 %) 3(21,43 %) on Apodemus sylvaticus (SAINZ MORENO, 1952; PRIETO LORENZO, 1958; LEITAO DA SILVA, 1978). In the present study the highest preva1ence and intensity of infection was observed in the case of this species, but specimens were a1so found parasitizing Mus domesticus, Rattus norvegicus, Microtus agrestis,crocidura russula, Crocidura suaveolens, Talpa occidentalis and Erinaceus europaeus. This specie has not been previously cited on these hosts in Spain. Neotrombicula (Neotrombicula) dubinini Schluger, 1955 Diagnosis : Sensillae slender. SIF = 7B.S/ N/3/ / ; fpp = B/B/N.N.B; fex = ; NDV = (ID = 4H ).; fst = 2/2. (Measurements in Table IV). This species was also found parasitizing a range of hosts (Mus domesticus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Rattus norvegicus, Crocidura russula), though wi th a lower prevalence than the previous species. Not previously cited for Spain. Neotrombicula (Hirsutiella) zachvatkini Schluger, 1948 Diagnosis : Sensillae slender. SIF = 7B.S/ B/3/ / ; fpp = B/B/B.B.B; fex = ; NDV = (4H). (Measurements in Table IV). This chigger has been cited in Bulgaria by KOLEBINOVA (1983), on birds and various small mammals including Mus domesticus, Apodemus sylvaticus and Sorex araneus. We only found it on Apodemus sylvaticus, with low prevalence. Not previously cited for Spain. Heaslipia tarda Schluger, 1957 Diagnosis : Sensillae slender. SIF = 7B.S/ N/3/ / ; fpp = B/B/N.N.B. (Measurements in Table IV). Like N. autumnalis, this species occurs on a wide range of hosts; we found it on Mus domesticus, Apodemus sylvaticus, Rattus norvegicus and Crocidura russula, although with low prevalence. Not previously cited for Spain. Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) europaeum Daniel and Brelih, 1959 Diagnosis : Sensillae slender. SIF = 7B/B/ 3/ / ; fpp = N/N/B.N.N.; NDV = 84; ID = 2H =42; fv = u = 42; fst = 2.2.; fex = (Measurements in Table IV). We found this chigger on Mus domesticus, Apodemus sylvaticus and Rattus norvegicus. KEPKA

7 -328- TABLE IV : Measurements, in micrometers, of N. (N.) autumnalis; N. (N.) dubinini; N. (H.) zachvatkini ; H.tarda; L. (L.) europaeum and L. (L.) silvaticum. N. (N.) autumndlis N. (N.) dubinini N. (H.) zachvatkini H. tarda L. (L.) europaeum L. (L.) si/vaticum n = \0 n = \0 n = 10 Min. Max X Min. Max X Min. Max Ip 708,3 838,35 776,25 672,75 793,5 746,96 934, PW 80,1 92,56 85,26 83,66 103,24 93,27 83,66 90,78 PPW AW 65,86 72,98 69,24 65,86 78,32 73,51 65,86 74,76 SB 30,26 32,04 31,15 28,48 37,38 31,86 30,26 35,6 ASB 26,7 32,04 31,15 21,36 33,82 29,54 37,38 46,28 PSB 24,92 42,72 29,19 26,7 40,94 30,43 12,46 16,02 SD 51,62 71,2 58,74 53,4 65,86 59,98 53,4 60,52 AP 23,14 32,04 27,41 24,92 32,04 28,48 26,7 33,82 AM 35,6 51,62 43,07 35,6 51,62 45,29 56,96 76,54 AL 30,26 44,5 39,51 32,04 46,28 40,58 51,62 60,52 PL 44,5 62,3 53,93 48,06 60,52 55,35 78,32 97,9 PPL S 56,96 74,76 67,19 72,98 85,44 77,72 72,98 92,56 H 42,72 60,52 52,86 40,94 58,74 54,29 80,1 92,56 n = 10 n = \0 n = 10 X Min. Max X Min. Max X Min. Max X \034,1 721,05 821,1 760,38 794,64 918,48 850,71 691, ,33 87, ,12 91,49 84,6 93,6 90, ,6-72,98 81,88 76, ,37 69,42 76,54 72,8 73,8 84,5 78,82 61, ,42 31,86 30,26 35,6 32, ,4 37,8 28, ,68 42,01 28,48 32,04 30,43 21,6 30,6 27,36 21, ,2 14,59 24,92 30,26 27,41 16, ,28 12,6 16,2 13,4 56,6 56,96 60,52 57,85 37,8 48,6 44,28 34,2 43, ,43 26,7 30,26 28,3 23,4 28,8 25, ,8 18,6 63,57 42,72 49,84 46,28 55, ,6 37, ,18 37,38 46,28 40,94 34, ,32 27,52 37,8 33,89 87,22 44,5 51,62 48,06 55,8 66,~, 62, ,8 58,68-40,94 44,5 42,54 - " ,88 65,86 78,32 73, ,76 61, ,1 86,33 42,72 55,18 49,48 59,4 70,2 64,44 52,2 65,36 56,93 (1960, 1969) has cited the species previously for Spain on Apodemus sylvatieus, Crocidura suaveolens, Sorex araneus and in addition on other species of small mammals which we did not capture in this study. The fact that we only examined a small number of specimens of Crocidura suaveolens and of Sorex araneus may explain why we did not find L. europaeum on these species. Leptotrombidium (Leptotrombidium) silvatieum Huscha and Schluger, 1967 Diagnosis : Sensillae slender. SIF = 7B/B/ 3/ / ; fpp = N/N/B.N.N.; NDV = ; ID = 2H = 32. ; fst = 2.2. ; fcx = (Measurements in Table IV). We found this species only on Apodemus sylvatieus and Crocidura russula. Not previously cited for Spain. Helenieula olsufjeri Schluger, 1955 Diagnosis : Sensillae expanded. SIF = 7B/S/ B/3/ / ; fpp = B/B/B.B.B.; fcx = (Measurements in Table V). Table V. Measurements, in micrometers, of H. o/sufferi; S. dipodilli and Ch. ikaoensis. H. o/sufferi S. dipodilli Ch. ikaoensis n = 5 n = 5 n = 6 Min. Max X Min. Max X Min. Max X Ip 579,6 627,9 603,6 738,3 831,45784,53 541,65 596,85 560,05 PW 60,52 65,86 63,36 80,1 87,22 84,72 71,2 76,54 72,98 AW 53,4 58,74 54,82 65,86 67,64 66,21 51,62 55,18 54,46 SB 24,92 35,6 44,5 40,22 23,14 28,48 26,4 ASB 24,92 28,48 26,7 30,26 32,04 30,7 17,8 21,36 19,13 PSB 10,68 12,46 U.14 23,14 24,92 23,58 16,02 17,8 16,91 SD 35,q 40,94 38,44 53,4 56,96 54,29 35,6 37,38 36,04 AP 16,02 27,8 17,44 39,16 44,5 42,72 17,8 19,58 18,24 AM 28,48 35,6 23,14 26,7 24,92 AL 33,82 37,38 35,15 48,06 55,18 52,06 17,8 19,58 18,98 PL 42,72 46,28 43,78 42,72 48,06 45,92 26,7 33,82 30,26 S 30,26 33,82 32,39 33,82 35,6 34,41 30,26 35,6 32,63 H 39,16 44,5 42,36 39,16 44,5 43,07 32,04 37,38 35 We found this chigger only on rodents (Apodemus sylvatieus, Mus domestieus and Rattus norvegieus). The highest prevalence (39.31 %) was observed in the case of Apodemus sylvatieus, which can thus be considered to be the most characteristic host. Not previously reported for Spain.

8 Schoutedenichia dipodilli Vercammen-Grandjean, 1958 Diagnosis : Sensillae expanded. SIP = 4Bj Bj3j jO ; fpp = BjBjN.N.B.; fex = ; NDV = 132; ID = 2H = 52. (Measurements in Table V). We found this species almost exclusively on Apodemus sylvaticus, suggesting a certain degree of host specificity; a single individual was found on Rattus norvegicus, but we regard this as an accidentai occurrence. Not previously cited for Spain DANIEL (M.) and HENEBERG (N.), Chiggers parasitizing small mammals in the southern part of Yugoslavia (Acarina : Trombiculidae). - Fol. ParasitoI., 19 : KEPKA (O.), Die Trombiculidae (Acari) der Iberischen Halbinsel. 1. Mitteilung. - Z. Parasitenk. 19 : KEPKA (O.), Die Trombiculinae (Acari : Trombiculidae) in Osterreich. -Z. Parasitenk., 23 : KEPKA (O.), Zur Tiergeographie der Trombiculidae in Mittelmeerraum. - Verhandl. Deutch. Zool. Gessellsch. Innsbruck 3-7 de Junio, 1968 : KOLEBINOVA (M.), Zoogeographic and Ecological distribution of mites of Families Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae (Acarina) in Bulgaria. - Acta Zool. Bulgarica, 21 : Cheladonta ikaoensis Sasa, Sawada, Kano, Hayashi and Kumada, 1951 Diagnosis : Sensillae expanded. SIP 4Bj Nj5j jO ; fpp = BjBjB.B.B. (Measurements in Table V). We found this species on Apodemus sylvaticus, Mus domesticus and Talpa occidentalis, although with very low prevalence (1.71 %, 0.8 % and % respectively). VERCAMMEN-GRANDJEAN (1968) states that this chigger is distributed throughout America, Europe, Asia and Africa as a human and rodent parasite. Not previously cited for Spain. Given that this species is commonly a human parasite, the finding of this species is of particular importance. REFERENCES BRONSWJIK (J.E.M.H.) VAN, Chigger infestation of a nineteenth century fortress near Utrecht. The Netherlands (Acari : Trombiculidae). - Int. L. J. Acar., 3 (1) : LEITÀO DA SILVA (J.L.), Practica de combate as parasitoses dos animais em Portugal. Vol. 1. Aracno Entomozooses. - Fund. Galouste- Gulbekian. Lisboa. LIPOVSKY (L.J.), A washing method of ectoparasite recovery with particular reference to chiggers (Acarina: Trombiculidae). - J. Kansas Ent. Soc., 24 : PRIETO LORENZO (A.), Los artropodos vectores de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias en el hombre. - Med. Trop., 31 (11) : ; 32 (12) : 1-48; SAIZ MORENO (L.), Luchas antiparasitarias en ganaderia. Los cic10s biologicos de los artropodos parasitos de nuestros animales domesticos. - Veterinaria, 16 (11) : VERCAMMEN-GRANDJEAN (p.h.), The chigger mites of the Far East (Acarina : Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae) special study. - U.S. Army Med. Res. and Dev. commando Wasington. D.C VERCAMMEN-GRANDJEAN (P.H.) and KOLEBINOVA (M.), Revision of Neotrombicula complex (Acarina: Trombiculidae). - Acta Zool. Bulgarica, 29 : Paru en Octobre 1993.