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1 Acarologia A quarterly journal of acarology, since 1959 Publishing on all aspects of the Acari All information: acarologia@supagro.inra.fr Acarologia is proudly non-profit, with no page charges and free open access Please help us maintain this system by encouraging your institutes to subscribe to the print version of the journal and by sending us your high quality research on the Acari. Subscriptions: Year 2018 (Volume 58): Previous volumes ( ): 250 / year (4 issues) Acarologia, CBGP, CS 30016, MONTFERRIER-sur-LEZ Cedex, France The digitalization of Acarologia papers prior to 2000 was supported by Agropolis Fondation under the reference ID through the «Investissements d avenir» programme (Labex Agro: ANR-10-LABX ) Acarologia is under free license and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons-BY-NC-ND which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

2 THE CHEMICAL BASIS OF RESISTANCE OF PINEAPPLE PLANT TO DOLICHOTETRANYCHUS FLORIDANUS BANKS (PROSTIGMATA: TENUIPALPIDAE) BY T. K. DAS, P. K. SARKAR, P. K. DEY & A. K. SOMCHOUDHURY * (Accepted May 2000,) SUMMARY: Various chemical principle of leaf (total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, silicon, manganese, crude protein, pj::ienol, vitamin C, acidity, lipid, chlorophyll, total sugar reducing and nonreducing sugar and moisture) varied significantly among five varieties of pineapple. Only two (zinc and silicon) showed positive relationship with population density of Dolichotetranychusfloridanus: varieties like Queen (6.80 ppm.), Giant Kew (5.70 ppm.), Kew (4.50 ppm.). RESUME : Plusieurs proprietes chimiques des feuilles (azote total, phosphore, potassium, calcium, magnesium, fer, cuivre, zinc, silice, manganese, proteines, phenols, vitamine C, acidite, lipides, chlorophylle, sucres reducteurs et non reducteurs et humidite) varient significativement sur 5 varietes d'ananas. Seuls le zinc et le silicone montrent des relations positives avec!'infestation par Dolichotetranychus floridanus : varietes Queen, Giant Kew, Kew. INTRODUCTION Resistance in plants results from change in factors involving diverse aspects of mite host relationship. Thus the basis of resistance are often complex. A few workers have studied influence of various chemical principles present in plants on the rate of developments of mite species. BREUKEL AND PosT (1959) indicated a positive correlation between nitrogen content and the number of mites present on leaves. Likewise JEPPSON et a/ (1975), UTHAMASAMY et a/ (1976), MANJUNATHA & PUTTASWAMY (1983a), RODRIGUEZ (1958), MORRIS (1961) and STORMS (1969) found positive relationship with influence of chemical principles and the population build up of mites like Tetranychus urticae but some other like HUKUSIMA (1958), JHONSON & COMPBELL (1982), CANON & TERRIERE (1966) did not find any significant association of chemical principles of plants with mite species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical constituent of pineapple leaves such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, exchangeable calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, zinc, silicon, manganese, moisture, crude protein, sugar (both reducing * Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Kalyani , Nadia, West Bengal, India.

3 TABLE 1: Methods Constituents Methods followed References Macro nutrients: Total Nitrogen Semimicro Kjeldahl method BREMNER (1965) Total phosphorus Triacid digestion method (Colorimetrically) BLACK (1965) Total potassium Triacid digestion (Flame photometer) BLACK (1965). Exchangeable Ca & Mg EDTA titration BLACK (1965) Micronutrients: Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn Atomic absorption spectrophotometer LINDSAY & NOR YELL (1978) Silicon Molybdosilic yellow method (Colofimetrically) JACKSON (1967) Major metabolites: Crude protein A. O.A. C. HARWITZ (1970) Total sugar, reducing and non reducing sugar Anthrone reagent method McGREADY et a/ (1950) Other metabolites: Chlorophyll 80% acetone extraction (using spectrophotometer) ARNON (1949) Total phenol Folln-Ciocalteu method BRAY & THROPE (1954) Vit.C A. 0. A. c. HARWITZ (1980) Acidity A.O. A.C. HARWITZ (1970) Lipid Soxhlat extraction method RANGANA (1977) TABLE 2. Nutrients and moisture contents of leaves, and suceptibility to D. jloridanus of Pineapple varieties. Variety Mite incidence (No./leaf sheath) Nutrients Moisture Mean N(%) P20s K (%) 20 Ca Mg Fe Cu Mn Si Zn (%) (%) (%) (%) (pp m) (pp m) (pp m) (pp m) (ppm) Queen GiantKew Kew Baruipur local Mauritius ! 'F' test Significant C. D (P=0.05) C. D ! (P=O.Ol) Factors: Values of 'r' Regression Values of 't' Remarks (Correlation coefficient) a)between mite incidence and N NS b)between mite incidence and P NS c)between mite incidence and K NS d)between mite incidence and Ca NS e)between mite incidence and Mg NS f) Between mite incidence and Fe NS g)between mite incidence and Cu :23 NS h)between mite incidence and Zn Sig i)between mite incidence and Mn NS j)between mite incidence and Si Sig k)between mite incidence and Moisture NS

4 -319- Mite incidence (No./leaf sheath) Variety Mean Metabolite (%) Crude Total Redu- Non- Chlci 7 Phenol Acidity Vit.C Lipids Protein Sugar cing redu- rophyll Sugar cing Sugar Queen GiantKew Kew Baruipur local Mauritius 'F' Test Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig Sig c. D (P=0.05) c. D (P=O.Ol) Factors: Values of r' Regression Values oft' Remarks (Correlation coefficient) coefficient a)between mite incidence and Crude Protein NS b)between mite incidence and total sugar NS c)between mite incidence and reducing sugar NS d)between mite incidence and non-reducing sugar NS e)between mite incidence and chlorophyll NS f)between mite incidence and phenol NS g) Between mite incidence and acidity NS h)between mite incidence and Vit.C NS i)between mite incidence and lipids NS TABLE 3 : metabolites of leaves and susceptibility to D. jloridanus of pineapple varieties. & nonreducing), phenol, acidity, vitamin C, chlorophyll, and lipid were estimated from six leaves of each plant and twelve plants of each variety chosen randomly. The various methods employed were as follows in Table 1: Moisture percentages of the leaves were determined by drying 5 g of sample at a temperature of 1 05 C for overnight. Then it was placed in desiccator, cooled and weighed. From the weight loss the moisture percentages were calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS It can be seen from the Table 2 & 3 that, all the chemical constituents varied significantly among five varieties of pineapple. Out of the twenty chemical constituents only two viz., Zinc and Silicon were found to bear relationship with the population density of mite among five varieties of pineapple. It is revealed from the significant 't' values that Zinc content has a positive correlation with mite population. The maximum content of Zinc in the variety "Queen" (6.80 ppm) invited maximum infestation of the mite. This shows that low content of Zinc in leaves invited minimum infestation. Similarly with the increase in Silicon content, the mite population also increase and vice-versa. The other chemical constituents of leaf though varied significantly among five varieties of pineapples never exhibited any type of relationship with the increase or decrease of mite population. The cumulative effect of chemical principles on the mite population was also taken into consideration through multiple correlation tests. But the non significant 'F' ratio revealed that there was no cumulative

5 -320- effect of these constituents of leaves on the incidence HARWITZ, W. (1980).- Official methods of analysis of the of mite. association of official agricultural chemists. - Associa- The complicated nature of plant resistance against tion of Official Agricultural chemists, Washington, pp. insect species have been elaborated and simplified to a 746 greater extent after the voluminous work but the HuKUSIMA, S. (1958).- The effect of varying nitrogen level knowledge pertaining to the influence of plant phy- upon the arthropod fauna in young apple trees, with special reference to the increase of the mite and aphid siology on the nutrition in a mite species is lagging far population. _Bull. Fac. Agric. Hirosaki Univ. Japan., 4: behind. During the present investigation a positive correlation was observed between Si content of leaf JACKSON, M. L. (1967). _Soil chemical analysis. Prentice and mite_p_opulation while other chemicauike_ca_and ---Hall-of-India-Fvt. Ltd., Bombay.-pp499-- Mg had no bearing in plant resistance to Dolichote- JEPPSON, L. R., KEIFER, H. H. & BAKER, E. w. (1975). - tranychus floridanus. On the other hand Zn contribu- Mites injurious to Economic plants. University of Calited significantly in plant resistance. It was very sur- fornia Press, London, pp prising to note that N content of leaf did not take JHONSON, D. R. & CAMPBELL, w. v (1982).- Variation in part in the resistance mechanism. The aforesaid the foliage nutrient of several peanut line and their assoobservation made by the present authors are in ciation with damage received by T. urticae. - J Ge. conformity with the findings of JEPPSON et al. (1975). Entomol. Soc., 17(1): During the present study the five varieties were scree- LINDSAY, W. L. & NoRVELL, W. A. (1978). -Development ned according to their susceptibility vis-a-vis resis- of a DTPA soil test for Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu, - Soil. Sci. tance to D. floridanus. Due to limited information Soc. Am. Z., 42: available in this direction an elaborate discussion MANJUNATHA, M. & PuTTASWAMY (1983a).- Studies on could not be taken. the biochemical constituents of the vegetable host and their influence on the development and fecundity of Tetranychus neocalidonicus (Acari: Tetranychidae). - REFERENCES Proc. 2nd All India Symp. A carol., Pune (Unpublished). Me GREADY, R. M., GRIGGOLZ, J., SILVIEROR, V. & OwiNGS, H. S. (1950). - Determination of starch and ARNON, D. I. (1949).-Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenoloxoidase in amylase in vegetables. - Ann. Chem., 22: Beta vulgaris. - PI. physiol., 24: MoRRIS, 0. N. (1961). -The development of the clover BLACK, C. A. (1965).- Methods of soil analysis agronomy. mite Bryobia practiosa Koch. in relation to the nitrogen, -I A. S. A. Publication Wisconsin, U.S.A. phosphorus and potassium nutrition of its host plant. Ann. Entomol. Soc. An1e1:, 54(4): BRAY, H. C. & THROPE, W. V. (1954). - Analysis of phenolic compounds of interest in metabolism. - Biochem. Anal., 1: BREMNER, J. M. (1965).- Total nitrogen, methods of soil analysis. Part 11.-Am. Soc. Agron., BREUKEL, L. M. & PosT, A. (1959).- The influence.. of manurial treatment of orchards on the population density of Metatetranychus ulmi (Koch.). - Entomol. Exp. Appl., 2(1): CANON, W. H. JR. & TERRIER, L. C. (1966). -Egg production of the two-spotted spider mite on bean plants supplied nutrient solutions containing various concentrations of iron, manganese, zinc and cobalt. - J Econ. Entomol., 59: HARWITZ, W. (1970). -Official methods of analysis of the association of official agricultural chemists. - Association of Official Agricultural chemists, Washington, pp RANGANA, S. (1977). - Manual of analysis of fruits and vegetable products. Tata Me Graw Hill Publishing Co. New Delhi. pp.8-9. RoDRIGUEZ, J. G. (1958). - The comparative NPK nutrition of Panonychus ulmi (Koch.) and Tetranychus telarius (L.) on apple trees. -1 Econ. Ent., 51: STORMS, J. J. H. (1969).- Observation on the relationship between mineral nutrient of apple root stocks in gravel culture and the reproduction rate of Tetranychus urticae. - Entomol. Exp. Appl., 12(3): UTHAMASAMY, S., KUMARESAN, D., MENON, P.P.V., & JoYARAJA, S. (1976). - Biochemical changes in egg plants, Solanum melongena due to insecticidal spray in relation to the mite incidence. - Indian J Exp. Bioi., 14 (5):