Groin Disruption
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1 Groin Disruption (30 Years) MR O J A GILMORE MS FRCS FRCS (ED) F. INST. SPORTS MED.
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3 5% ALL SPORTS INJURIES AFFECT GROIN
4 PATIENT S REFERRED with GROIN PAIN TOTAL 7535 MALE 7284 (97%) FEMALE 252 (3%)
5 INCIDENCE OF OPERATION Referred Ops 58% 7535 pts 4351 pts
6 Management Groin Pain Experience Team Approach Imaging Top class Accurate Diagnosis Specific Treatment Conservative Operative Rapid Return Minimum Recurrence
7 Basketball OTHER SPORTS GROIN PAIN GROIN Fencing PAIN Handball Equestrian MANY CAUSES Gaelic football Martial Arts American ORTHOPAEDIC Football Dancers Hurling Gymnasts SOFT TISSUE INJURY Waterpolo Kick Boxing Ice Hockey CO-EXISTENT PATHOLOGY Skiing & Snowboarding
8 Team Approach Groin Surgeon Jerry Gilmore Simon Marsh Musculo-Skeletal Radiologist (MRI/Ultrasound/CT) David Connell Orthopaedic Surgeon (HIP) Simon Jennings Sports Physician Ralph Rogers
9 The Team Approach Physiotherapist GP / Club Doctor Patient Groin Surgeon Sports Physician Musculo-Skeletal Radiologist Orthopaedic Surgeon (HIP) Physiotherapist
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11 Groin Pain: Orthopaedic Causes Perthes Slipped Epiphysis Fractures Stress Avulsion Bursitis Labral Tear FAI Osteoarthritis
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13 DIRECT TRAUMA FALL KICK PUNCH IMPACT SQUEEZE
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15 REFERRED PAIN
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17 GROIN DISRUPTION SPORTSMEN GROIN GILMORE S GROIN
18 GROIN DISRUPTION TYPICAL PATIENT YOUNG MALE ACTIVE SPORTSMEN RARE OVER 45 RARE IN FEMALES (1%)
19 GROIN PAIN: SITE IMPLICATIONS ABOVE INGUINAL LIGAMENT, LAT to PUB TUB Gilmore Groin. BELOW INGUINAL LIGAMENT Mid Inguinal Point HIP PATHOLOGY Adductor Insertion ADDUCTOR TEAR
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23 GROIN DISRUPTION MUSCULO TENDINOUS INJURY ALL LAYERS GROIN INGUINAL REGION MUSCLE DISLOCATION
24 CASE 1 D.M. 27 FULL BACK: TOTTENHAM HOTSPUR FC PRESENTED: SYMPTOMS: LAST GAME: PAIN INCREASED: 17 WEEKS PAIN RIGHT GROIN AFTER EVERSION INJURY 17 WEEKS SPRINTING KICKING TWISTING & TURNING COUGHING SNEEZING
25 CASE 1 D.M. PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS: 3 ORTHOPAEDIC OPINIONS X-RAY CT SCAN: IRREGULARITY - NO INSTABILITY U/S SCAN PREVIOUS TREATMENT: COMPLETE REST PHYSIOTHERAPY MANIPULATION LOCAL STEROIDS
26 CASE 1 D.M. PHYSICAL SIGNS INSPECTION: PALPATION: N.A.D. N.A.D. PALPATION VIA SCROTUM: - RIGHT SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING DILATED - COUGH IMPULSE - TENDER INSERTION OF FINGER PAIN COMPARED TO OPPOSITE SIDE
27 Presented (Eversion / Overstretching Injury) 15 wks Groin Pain R>L No Training / Game Post Op: Training with Aberdeen 3 wks In Scotland Squad 7 wks
28 GROIN DISRUPTION: PATHOLOGY Found at Operation TORN EXTERNAL OBLIQUE DILATED SUPERFICIAL INGUINAL RING TORN CONJOINED TENDON CONJOINED TENDON INGUINAL LIGAMENT } DEHISCENCE
29 GROIN DISRUPTION (GILMORE S GROIN) 30 YEARS
30 PATIENT REFERRAL RELATED TO SPORT CASES % ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL RUGBY UNION & LEAGUE ATHLETES RACQUET GAMES CRICKET HOCKEY OTHER SPORTS NO SPORT TOTAL
31 OPERATIONS TOTAL 4351 MALE 4309 (99%) FEMALE 42 (1%)
32 INCIDENCE OF OPERATION RELATED TO SPORT CASES OPN % ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL RUGBY UNION + LEAGUE CRICKET ATHLETES RACQUET GAMES HOCKEY OTHER SPORTS NO SPORT TOTAL
33 INCIDENCE OF OPERATIONS ASSOCIATION FOOTBALL TOTAL OPN % PROFESSIONAL SEMI PRO AMATEUR TOTAL
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35 PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALLERS CASES 1528 OPERATIONS 1258 (82%)
36 ENGLISH FOOTBALL LEAGUE CLUBS 92 CLUBS PATIENTS REFERRED BY ALL ( Except 5)
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38 AETIOLOGY:MUSCLE IMBALANCE ( Recurrent Microtrauma ) 1. STRONG HIP FLEXORS PULL PELVIS DOWN (QUADS) 2. TILTED PELVIS STRETCH ABDO MUSCLES 3. STRETCHED ABDO MUSCLES BECOME WEAK (OBLIQUES) FAIL TO STABILIZE PELVIS 4. OVERUSE RECURRENT TEARS GROIN DISRUPTION 5. MALE > FEMALE (99%)
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40 ARSENAL F.C.: GILMORE S GROIN OPERATION P.A (GRAHAM) (WENGER) 10 1 Gary Lewin 2007
41 ONSET OF SYMPTOMS INSIDIOUS 72% SPECIFIC INJURY 28% OVERSTRETCHING MISKICKING ABDUCTION EVERSION
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43 SYMPTOMS DURING EXERCISE PAIN IN GROIN INCREASES WITH RUNNING STRIDING SPRINTING SUDDEN MOVEMENT TWISTING & TURNING SIDE STEPPING JUMPING DEAD BALL KICKING LONG BALL KICKING
44 SYMPTOMS AFTER EXERCISE STIFF & SORE PAIN IN GROIN INCREASES WITH TURNING IN BED GETTING OUT OF BED GETTING OUT OF CAR SIT UPS COUGHING SNEEZING SUDDEN MOVEMENT
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46 EXAMINATION
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49 GROIN DISRUPTION: PHYSICAL SIGNS (ALL ELICITED VIA SCROTUM) S.I.R: DILATED (+/-) COUGH IMPULSE TENDER (PALPABLE TEAR) TENDERNESS: MAY BE EXQUISITE DIMINISHES WITH REST
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51 INVESTIGATIONS
52 STORK VIEWS (FLAMINGO)
53 MRI in Groin Disruption MRI Poor in Abdomen Resolution insufficient for subtle changes But Inguinal ligament clearly visible Gaps Defects Significant Disruption Gross Scar Tissue Also visible MRI Good in Pelvis & Thigh Osteitis pubis HIP Pathology Adductor Tears clearly seen David Connell 2009
54 Ultrasound in Groin Disruption State of Art Ultrasound Equipment required Subtle changes in Inguinal ligament Conjoined Tendon maybe seen Dynamic assessment Essential Abdominal straining Sonopalpation Tender over Inguinal Canal David Connell 2009
55 INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY PROFESSIONAL AND AMATEUR FAILED CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT
56 INDICATION FOR SURGERY: PROFESSIONALS GAME INHIBITED TRAINING INHIBITED LOSS OF SPEED LOSS OF FITNESS
57 INDICATION FOR SURGERY: AMATEURS SYMPTOMS AFFECT EVERYDAY LIFE LOSS OF SPORT AFFECTS QUALITY OF LIFE
58 Groin Disruption Surgical Principles Normal Anatomy - Restored Each layer - Repaired Permanent Suture Essential Nylon Darn Preferable to Absorbable Sutures (Don t Last) Preferable to Mesh (May Restrict Mobility)
59 GROIN DISRUPTION & ADDUCTOR TEAR PRESENT IN 40%
60 GROIN DISRUPTION & ADDUCTOR TEAR TREATMENT MODERATE or ACUTE : REPAIR DISRUPTION + INTENSIVE ADDUCTOR PHYSIO SEVERE or CHRONIC : REPAIR DISRUPTION + ADDUCTOR TENOTOMY (20%)
61 GROIN REPAIR & ADDUCTOR TENOTOMY from 1896 (18%)
62 RESULT - OPERATION SUCCESSFUL 97% AVERAGE RETURN TO PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL 4 WEEKS 1220 OUT OF 1258 PLAYERS RANGE 3-7 WEEKS
63 Recurrent Groin Disruption Ipsilateral Post Operative 3% Contralateral(non opd.)10% pain within 10 Years (Patients recognize the symptoms & request Operation)
64 INTERNATIONAL SOCCER FOOTBALLERS ENGLAND 59 SCOTLAND 34 NORTHERN IRELAND 18 EIRE 16 WALES 15 OTHER
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67 RUGBY UNION REF. OPN. Op % (44 I NT) 62
68 RUGBY SYMPTOMS BACKS Sprinting Twisting and Turning Accelerating Striding out Side Stepping Dead Ball Kicking
69 RUGBY SYMPTOMS FORWARDS Sprinting Twisting and Turning Striding out Up after a tackle Jumping
70 RUGBY LEAGUE REF. OPN. % (17 INT) 79
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74 CRICKET REF. OPN. % (23 INT) 68
75 INTERNATIONAL CRICKETERS FAST BOWLER 13 BATSMAN 6 ALL ROUNDER 4 TOTAL 23
76 SYMPTOMS IN CRICKETERS PAIN IN GROIN FAST BOWLERS: DRAG > LANDING BATSMAN: RUNNING BETWEEN WICKETS TWISTING & TURNING FIELDERS: SUDDEN MOVEMENT PUSHING OFF STRIDING OUT DIVING 20/20 Games: INCREASED INCIDENCE
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78 ATHLETES REF. OPN. % (24 INT) 39
79 SYMPTOMS IN ATHLETICS PAIN IN GROIN MIDDLE & LONG DISTANCE RUNNERS HURDLERS TRIATHLETES SPRINTERS (UNUSUAL) PAIN INCREASES: WITH DISTANCE SPRINTING AT END OF RACE LOSS OF SPEED: REDUCED TIMES LOSS OF ENDURANCE: SLOW RECOVERY
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81 FIELD HOCKEY REF. OPN. % (15 INT) 58
82 SYMPTOMS IN FIELD HOCKEY PAIN IN GROIN ELITE PLAYERS FREQUENT GAMES ON ASTROTURF SPRINTING TWISTING & TURNING LOSS OF SPEED (CORNER SPECIALISTS)
83 RACQUET GAMES PLAYERS REF. OPN. % (3 INT) 34
84 SYMPTOMS IN RACQUET GAMES PAIN IN GROIN CHANGE IN DIRECTION TWISTING & TURNING LUNGING SERVING NET PLAY
85 OTHER SPORTS REF. OPN. % (26 INT) 34
86 BASKETBALL HANDBALL
87 EQUESTRIAN POLO EVENTING
88 GOLF
89 FENCING
90 GAELIC FOOTBALL HURLING
91 GYMNASTICS
92 LACROSSE
93 MARTIAL ARTS KICK BOXING
94 WATERPOLO
95 WEIGHT LIFTING STRONGMEN
96 SKIING SNOW BOARDING
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98 INTERNATIONALS SOCCER 254 RUGBY UNION 44 ATHLETES 24 CRICKET 23 RUGBY LEAGUE 17 HOCKEY 15 HANDBALL 4 RACQUET GAMES 4 SKIING 2 BASKETBALL 2 FENCING 2 LACROSSE 2 MARTIAL ARTS 2 ICE HOCKEY 2 GYMNASTICS 1 WATERPOLO 1 ROWING 1 "STRONGMAN" 1 WEIGHT LIFTING 1 TOTAL 402
99 NO SPORT REF. OPN. % BUILDERS. GARDENERS. DIY. POLICE and PORN STARS
100 SPORTSWOMEN
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102 GILMORE S GROIN IN WOMEN: DIAGNOSIS DIFFICULT: BASED ON: NO SCROTUM HISTORY TENDER S.I.R. GROIN PAIN WITH RESISTED HIP FLEXION ELEVATION FROM SUPINE POSITION GRIMACE
103 FEMALES REF. OPN. % (5 INT ) 17
104 FUTURE
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110 Thank You.
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GROIN DISRUPTION MR O J A GILMORE MS FRCS FRCS (ED) F. INST. SPORTS MED. 5% ALL SPORTS INJURIES AFFECT GROIN PATIENT S REFERRED with GROIN PAIN 1980-2008 TOTAL 7273 MALE 7030 (97%) FEMALE 273 (3%) PATIENT
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