The Chemical Synthesis Route (Continued) FIGURE 2 SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS: FLOW CHART FOR PREPARATION OF BETA-IONONE FIGURE 3 SYNTHESIS

Transcription

1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1 BACKGROUND... 1 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY... 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE... 2 SCOPE OF REPORT... 2 SCOPE OF REPORT (CONTINUED)... 3 METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES... 4 AUTHOR S CREDENTIALS... 4 RELATED BCC REPORTS... 4 BCC ONLINE SERVICES... 4 DISCLAIMER... 5 CHAPTER TWO: SUMMARY... 6 SUMMARY... 6 SUMMARY (CONTINUED)... 7 SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL CAROTENOIDS MARKET VALUE BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS)... 8 SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL CAROTENOIDS MARKET VALUE BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS)... 8 CHAPTER THREE: OVERVIEW... 9 THE CAROTENOID MARKET BY VALUES... 9 TABLE 1 GLOBAL CAROTENOIDS MARKET VALUE BY PRODUCT TYPE, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) THE CAROTENOID MARKET BY APPLICATION TABLE 2 GLOBAL CAROTENOID MARKET VALUE BY APPLICATION TYPE, 2010 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 2 (CONTINUED) THE CAROTENOID MARKET BY REGION TABLE 3 GLOBAL CAROTENOID MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 4 GLOBAL CAROTENOID MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2018 ($ MILLIONS) THE CAROTENOID MARKET BY PRODUCTION METHOD TABLE 5 GLOBAL CAROTENOIDS MARKET VALUE BY PRODUCTION METHOD, 2010 ($ MILLIONS) THE MARKET FOR CAROTENOIDS BY COMPANY TABLE 6 GLOBAL CAROTENOID MARKET VALUE BY PRODUCT AND PRODUCER, 2010 ($ MILLIONS) SYSTEMATIC OF COMMERCIAL CAROTENOIDS FIGURE 1 SYSTEMATIC OF COMMERCIALLY USE CAROTENOIDS BY METHOD OF PRODUCTION PRINCIPLES OF PRODUCTION THE CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS ROUTE... 15

2 The Chemical Synthesis Route (Continued) FIGURE 2 SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS: FLOW CHART FOR PREPARATION OF BETA-IONONE FIGURE 3 SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS: FLOW CHART FOR THE REACTION OF BETA-IONONE TO GLYCIDE ESTER FIGURE 4 SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS: FLOW CHART FOR THE REACTION OF GLYCIDE ESTER TO C14-ALDEHYDE FIGURE 5 SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS: FLOW CHART FOR THE REACTION FROM BETA-C14-ALDEHYDE TO C19-DIOL FIGURE 6 SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS: FLOW CHART FOR THE REACTION FROM BETA-C19-DIOL-ETHER TO C19-ALDEHYDE FIGURE 7 SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS: FLOW CHART FOR THE REACTION OF BETA-C19-ALDEHYDE TO CIS-BETA-CAROTENE FIGURE 8 SYNTHESIS OF CAROTENOIDS: FLOWCHART FOR THE REACTION FROM CIS BETA-CAROTENE TO TRANS BETA- CAROTENE THE FERMENTATION ROUTE The Fermentation Route (Continued) FIGURE 9 FLOW CHART OF MANUFACTURING BETA-CAROTENE BY FERMENTATION THE ALGAE ROUTE FIGURE 10 FLOW CHART OF MANUFACTURING MIXED CAROTENOIDS FROM ALGAE THE EXTRACTION FROM BOTANICAL MATERIAL The Extraction from Palm Oil FIGURE 11 EXTRACTION OF CAROTENOIDS FROM CRUDE PALM OIL THE EXTRACTION OF BIXIN AND NORBIXIN FROM ANNATTO SEED Bixin Production FIGURE 12 FLOW CHARTS OF BIXIN PRODUCTION Norbixin Production FIGURE 13 FLOW CHARTS OF NORBIXIN PRODUCTION Oleoresin Production FIGURE 14 PREPARATION OF CAROTENOID OLEORESINS AND CRYSTALS FROM BOTANICAL MATERIAL TRENDS IN MAJOR APPLICATION SEGMENTS FIGURE 15 SYSTEMATIC OF COMMERCIALLY USED CAROTENOIDS BY APPLICATION CAROTENOID TRENDS IN FOOD Carotenoid Trends in Food (Continued) CAROTENOID TRENDS IN FEED CAROTENOID TRENDS IN COSMETIC CAROTENOID TRENDS IN NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS... 36

3 Carotenoid Trends in (Continued) CHAPTER FOUR: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: ANNATTO PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 7 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BIXIN AND NORBIXIN HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATIONS TABLE 8 DATA SHEET OF BIXIN AND NORBIXIN DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION FIGURE 16 DEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIAL ANNATTO SEED PRODUCTION (1,000 TONS) FIGURE 16 (CONTINUED) FIGURE 17 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BIXIN AND NORBIXIN CONSUMPTION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE EQUIVALENTS) FIGURE 17 (CONTINUED) TABLE 9 BIXIN AND NORBIXIN CONSUMPTION BY REGION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE/%) FIGURE 18 CONSUMPTION OF BIXIN AND NORBIXIN BY REGION, 2010 (%) FIGURE 19 USE OF BIXIN AND NORBIXIN BY APPLICATION, 2010 (%) PRICE DEVELOPMENT FIGURE 20 DEVELOPMENT OF BIXIN/NORBIXIN AND ANNATTO SEED PRICES, ($/TON, $/KG) MARKET VALUE TABLE 10 BIXIN AND NORBIXIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, ($ MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES FIGURE 21 MARKET SHARES OF COMPANIES ACTIVE IN THE PREPARATION AND TRADING OF BIXIN AND NORBIXIN, 2010 (%) CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND TABLE 11 GLOBAL BIXIN AND NORBIXIN CONSUMPTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 22 GLOBAL BIXIN AND NORBIXIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 22 (CONTINUED) CHAPTER FIVE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: ASTAXANTHIN PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 12 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ASTAXANTHIN HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT... 49

4 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUED) HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUED) TABLE 13 COMPOSITION OF TOTAL CAROTENOIDS IN PANAFERD (G/KG) AND FORMULATIONS GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS, PRODUCTION (CONTINUED) TABLE 14 DATA SHEET OF A 10% ASTAXANTHIN PRODUCT FROM CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS TABLE 15 DATA SHEET OF A 0.5% ASTAXANTHIN PRODUCT FROM PHAFFIA RHODOZYMA TABLE 16 DATA SHEET OF A 2.5% ASTAXANTHIN OLEORESIN PRODUCT FROM HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS TABLE 17 DATA SHEET OF A PARACOCCUS CAROTINIFACIENS PRODUCT WITH 2% ASTAXANTHIN DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION TABLE 18 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF RAINBOW TROUT, (1,000 TONS) TABLE 19 RAINBOW TROUT PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2010 (%) TABLE 20 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL PRODUCTION OF ATLANTIC SALMON, (1,000 TONS) TABLE 21 ATLANTIC SALMON PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2010 (%) TABLE 22 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL SHRIMP PRODUCTION, (1,000 TONS) TABLE 23 SHRIMP PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY, 2010 (%) TABLE 24 ESTIMATION OF POTENTIAL PIGMENT DEMAND FOR TROUT, SALMON AND SHRIMP, TABLE 25 ASTAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION FOR SHRIMP, TROUT, AND SALMON PIGMENTATION, TABLE 26 GLOBAL ASTAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION TYPE, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 27 ASTAXANTHIN FOR FEED CONSUMPTION BY REGION, 2007 AND FIGURE 23 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL ASTAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 28 GLOBAL ASTAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 24 ASTAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE, 2010 (%) PRICE DEVELOPMENTS FIGURE 25 DEVELOPMENT OF SYNTHETIC ASTAXANTHIN PRICES, ($/KG CRYSTALLINE)... 64

5 TABLE 29 MARKET PRICES FOR ASTAXANTHIN PRODUCTS BY PRODUCTION TYPE, 2010 ($/KG CRYSTALLINE EQUIVALENT) MARKET VALUE TABLE 30 MARKET VALUE OF ASTAXANTHIN BY PRODUCTION TYPE, TABLE 31 DEVELOPMENT OF THE ASTAXANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 26 ASTAXANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 (%) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES (CONTINUED) TABLE 32 MARKET SHARES OF ASTAXANTHIN PRODUCERS, (PERCENT OF TOTAL) FIGURE 27 MARKET SHARES OF ASTAXANTHIN PRODUCERS, 2010 (%) CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND (CONTINUED) TABLE 33 GLOBAL ASTAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 34 GLOBAL ASTAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 35 GLOBAL ASTAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 28 GLOBAL ASTAXANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER SIX: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: BETA- CAROTENE PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 36 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BETA- CAROTENE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUED) AND FORMULATIONS TABLE 37 TYPICAL CAROTENOID PROFILE OF BETA-CAROTENE PRODUCTS TABLE 38 FORMULATIONS OFFERED AS A FUNCTION OF THE TYPE OF BETA-CAROTENE DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION OVERVIEW FIGURE 29 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION, DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION Beta-carotene as a Food Colorant... 79

6 TABLE 39 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN FOOD, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 40 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY FOOD SEGEMENT, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 30 USE OF BETA-CAROTENE BY FOOD SEGMENT, 2010 (%) TABLE 41 DEVELOPMENT OF BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN FOODS BY REGION, (%) FIGURE 31 BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN FOODS BY REGION, 2010 (%) Beta-carotene in Supplements TABLE 42 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN SUPPLEMENTS, (TONS CRYSTALLINE/%) TABLE 43 DEVELOPMENT OF BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN SUPPLEMENTS BY SERVING TYPE, (%) TABLE 44 DEVELOPMENT OF BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN SUPPLEMENTS BY REGION, (%) FIGURE 32 BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN SUPPLEMENTS BY REGION, 2010 (%) Beta-carotene in feed TABLE 45 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN FEED, (TONS CRYSTALLINE/%) TABLE 46 DEVELOPMENT OF BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN FEED BY REGION, (PERCENT OF TOTAL) FIGURE 33 BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN FEED BY REGION, 2010 (%) Beta-carotene in Cosmetics TABLE 47 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN COSMETICS, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA TABLE 48 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 49 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY REGION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE TABLE 50 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE, THROUGH 2010 (TONS CRYSTALLINE)... 89

7 FIGURE 34 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE AND APPLICATION, 2010 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) Development of Consumption by Formulation Type Formulation Principles Formulation Principles (Continued) TABLE 51 DATA SHEET OF A TYPICAL 30% BETA-CAROTENE OIL SUSPENSION TABLE 52 DATA SHEET OF A 10% BETA-CAROTENE CWD PRODUCT TABLE 53 DATA SHEET OF A 10% BETA-CAROTENE TABLET GRADE FORMULATION TABLE 54 DATA SHEET OF A 20% BETA-CAROTENE TABLET GRADE FORMULATION Consumption by Type of Formulation TABLE 55 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY FORMULATION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE BETA- CAROTENE CONVERTED) FIGURE 35 BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY FORMULATION TYPE, 2010 (%) TABLE 56 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION AND FORMULATION, 2010 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) PRICE DEVELOPMENT PRICE DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUED) PRICE DEVELOPMENT (CONTINUED) FIGURE 36 DEVELOPMENT OF BETA-CAROTENE PRICES (SYNTHETIC, 30% OIL SUSPENSION), ($/KG/ /KG) FIGURE 37 DEVELOPMENT OF BETA-CAROTENE PRICES DERIVED FROM ALGAE, 30% OIL SUSPENSION, ($/KG/ /KG) TABLE 57 TYPICAL PRICES OF MAJOR BETA-CAROTENE PRODUCTS ($/KG PRODUCT, U.S. MARKET) MARKET VALUE TABLE 58 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE MARKET VALUE BY FORMULATION TYPE, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 59 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE MARKET VALUE BY APPLICATION, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 60 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE MARKET VALUE BY REGION, ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 61 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE MARKET VALUE BY MANUFACTURING TYPE, ($ MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES MARKETING SYSTEMS Food Coloring Supplements

8 Feed Cosmetics MARKET SHARES TABLE 62 DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET SHARES OF BETA- CAROTENE PRODUCERS, (PERCENT OF TOTAL) FIGURE 38 MARKET SHARES OF BETA-CAROTENE PRODUCERS, 2010 (%) CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND VOLUME DEVELOPMENT Food Coloring TABLE 63 EXPECTED COMPOUNDED ANNUAL GROWTH RATES OF BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN FOODS BY REGION, THROUGH Supplements TABLE 64 EXPECTED COMPOUNDED ANNUAL GROWTH RATES OF BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN SUPPLEMENTS BY REGION, THROUGH Feed TABLE 65 EXPECTED COMPOUNDED ANNUAL GROWTH RATES OF BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION IN FEED BY REGION, THROUGH 2018 CAGR% Cosmetics PRICE DEVELOPMENTS TABLE 66 EXPECTED PRICE DEVELOPMENT FOR TYPICAL BETA- CAROTENE PRODUCTS, ($ /KG CRYSTALLINE) OVERALL MARKET DEVELOPMENT TABLE 67 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, 2010 AND 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 68 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY REGION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 69 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 70 GLOBAL BETA-CAROTENE MARKET VALUE BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 39 GLOBAL MARKET VALUE OF BETA-CAROTENE BY APPLICATION 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 40 GLOBAL MARKET VALUE OF BETA-CAROTENE BY REGION, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER SEVEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: APO- CAROTENAL PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 71 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF BETA-APO- CAROTENAL HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT

9 AND FORMULATIONS TABLE 72 DATA SHEETS OF TYPICAL APO-CAROTENAL PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION TABLE 73 APO-CAROTENAL CONSUMPTION BY REGION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 41 CONSUMPTION OF APO-CAROTENAL BY REGION, 2010 (%) FIGURE 42 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL APO-CAROTENAL CONSUMPTION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) PRICE DEVELOPMENT FIGURE 43 DEVELOPMENT OF APO-CAROTENAL PRICES, ($/KG CRYSTALLINE) MARKET VALUE TABLE 74 DEVELOPMENT OF BETA-APO-8-CAROTENAL MARKET VALUE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND TABLE 75 GLOBAL APO-CAROTENAL CONSUMPTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 44 GLOBAL APO-CAROTENAL MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 44 (CONTINUED) CHAPTER EIGHT: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: APO- ESTER PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 76 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE APO-ESTER HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATIONS TABLE 77 DATA SHEET FOR APO-ESTER 10% POWDER DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION FIGURE 45 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL APO-ESTER CONSUMPTION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 78 CONSUMPTION OF APO-ESTER BY REGION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE/%) FIGURE 46 CONSUMPTION OF APO-ESTER BY REGION, 2010 (%) PRICE DEVELOPMENT FIGURE 47 DEVELOPMENT OF APO-ESTER PRICES, ($/KG CRYSTALLINE) MARKET VALUE

10 TABLE 79 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL APO-ESTER MARKET VALUE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND TABLE 80 GLOBAL APO-ESTER CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 81 GLOBAL APO-ESTER MARKET VALUE BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 48 GLOBAL APO-ESTER MARKET VALUE BY REGION, ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER NINE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: CANTHAXANTHIN PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 82 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CRYSTALLINE CANTHAXANTHIN HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATIONS TABLE 83 DATA SHEET OF A COMMERCIAL 10% CWD FEED-GRADE CANTHAXANTHIN PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION COLORING EGG YOLKS FISH PIGMENTATION FOOD COLORING SUPPLEMENT, PHARMACEUTICAL, AND COSMETIC APPLICATIONS FIGURE 49 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL CANTHAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 84 CANTHAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY REGION, 2010 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 50 CONSUMPTION OF CANTHAXANTHIN BY REGION, 2010 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) PRICE DEVELOPMENT FIGURE 51 DEVELOPMENT OF CANTHAXANTHIN PRICES, ($/KG CRYSTALLINE) MARKET VALUE TABLE 85 GLOBAL CANTHAXANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2010 ($MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES TABLE 86 MARKET SHARES OF CANTHAXANTHIN PRODUCERS, (PERCENT OF TOTAL) FIGURE 52 MARKET SHARES OF CANTHAXANTHIN PRODUCERS, 2010 (%)

11 CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND TABLE 87 GLOBAL CANTHAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 88 GLOBAL CANTHAXANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 89 GLOBAL CANTHAXANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 53 GLOBAL CANTHAXANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER TEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKET: CAPSANTHIN AND PAPRIKA EXTRACTS PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 90 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF TYPICAL CAPSANTHIN PRODUCTS HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENTS AND FORMULATIONS DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION FIGURE 54 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF PAPRIKA CAPSANTHIN USED AS COLORANT, (1,000 TONS, STANDARDIZED TO PAPRIKA POWDER WITH COLOR UNIT 150) TABLE 91 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF PAPRIKA CAPSANTHIN BY PRODUCT FORM AND APPLICATION, 2000 AND 2010 (TONS) FIGURE 55 PAPRIKA CAPSANTHIN CONSUMPTION BY REGION, 2010 (%) PRICE DEVELOPMENT MARKET VALUE TABLE 92 THE GLOBAL MARKET VALUE FOR PAPRIKA CAPSANTHIN BY PRODUCT FORM, 2000 AND 2010 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 93 PAPRIKA CAPSANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 ($ MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND TABLE 94 GLOBAL MARKET VALUE FOR PAPRIKA CAPSANTHIN BY APPLICATION THROUGH 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 56 GLOBAL PAPRIKA CAPSANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 56 (CONTINUED) CHAPTER ELEVEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: LUTEIN PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 95 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF CRYSTALLINE LUTEIN

12 HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENTS AND FORMULATIONS TABLE 96 DATA SHEET OF FREE LUTEIN 5% POWDER TABLE 97 DATA SHEET OF FREE LUTEIN 20% OIL SUSPENSION DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION LUTEIN FOR FEED FIGURE 57 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL LUTEIN CONSUMPTION IN FEED (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 98 LUTEIN CONSUMPTION FOR FEED BY REGION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) LUTEIN FOR SUPPLEMENTS FIGURE 58 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL LUTEIN CONSUMPTION FOR SUPPLEMENTS (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 99 GLOBAL LUTEIN CONSUMPTION FOR SUPPLEMENTS BY REGION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) LUTEIN FOR FOOD AND OTHER APPLICATIONS PRICE DEVELOPMENT LUTEIN FOR FEED TABLE 100 DEVELOPMENT OF LUTEIN FOR FEED PRICES, ($/KG CRYSTALLINE) LUTEIN FOR SUPPLEMENTS TABLE 101 DEVELOPMENT OF LUTEIN FOR SUPPLEMENT PRICES, ($/KG CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 59 DEVELOPMENT OF PRICES OF LUTEIN FOR FEED AND SUPPLEMENTS ($/KG CRYSTALLINE) MARKET VALUE TABLE 102 DEVELOPMENT OF LUTEIN MARKET VALUE BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 103 LUTEIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION 2010 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 60 LUTEIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION AND APPLICATION, 2010 ($ MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES LUTEIN FOR FEED LUTEIN FOR SUPPLEMENTS TABLE 104 SUPPLIERS OF FORMULATED LUTEIN IN 2007 AND TABLE 104 (CONTINUED) TABLE 105 MARKET SHARES OF COMPANIES OFFERING/MANUFACTURING SUPPLEMENT GRADE, FORMULATED LUTEIN PRODUCTS, (PERCENT OF TOTAL)

13 FIGURE 61 MARKET SHARES OF COMPANIES OFFERING/MANUFACTURING SUPPLEMENT GRADE LUTEIN, 2010 (%) CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND (CONTINUED) TABLE 106 GLOBAL LUTEIN CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 62 GLOBAL LUTEIN MARKET VALUE BY APPLICATION, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 63 GLOBAL LUTEIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER TWELVE: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: LYCOPENE PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 107 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF LYCOPENE HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATIONS TABLE 108 LIST OF FOODS TO WHICH LYCOPENE FROM DIFFERENT ORIGINS MAY BE ADDED IN THE EU (MAXIMUM CONTENT OF LYCOPENE IN MG/KG) TABLE 108 (CONTINUED) TABLE 109 SPECIFICATION OF LYCOPENE FROM FERMENTATION ALLOWED FOR USE UNDER THE NOVEL FOOD ACT OF THE EU TABLE 109 (CONTINUED) TABLE 110 SPECIFICATION OF LYCOPENE FROM TOMATO ALLOWED FOR USE IN THE EU FOR FOOD COLORING TABLE 111 DATA SHEET OF A LYCOPENE 15% OIL SUSPENSION, NATURAL EXTRACT TABLE 111 (CONTINUED) TABLE 112 DATA SHEET OF A LYCOPENE 5% POWDER, SYNTHETIC ORIGIN TABLE 113 DATA SHEET OF LYCOPENE FROM BLAKESLEA TRISPORA AS 20% OIL SUSPENSION DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION FIGURE 64 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL LYCOPENE CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 114 DEVELOPMENT OF GLOBAL LYCOPENE CONSUMPTION BY REGION, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 65 CONSUMPTION OF LYCOPENE BY REGION, 2010 (%) TABLE 115 DEVELOPMENT OF LYCOPENE CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE, (TONS CRYSTALLINE) PRICE DEVELOPMENT

14 TABLE 116 PRICES FOR LYCOPENE BY SOURCE ($ /KG CRYSTALLINE) MARKET VALUE TABLE 117 LYCOPENE MARKET VALUE BY PRODUCTION TYPE ($ MILLIONS) TABLE 118 DEVELOPMENT OF MARKET VALUE OF LYCOPENE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES TABLE 119 MARKET SHARES OF LYCOPENE PRODUCERS, (PERCENT OF TOTAL) FIGURE 66 MARKET SHARES OF LYCOPENE PRODUCERS, 2010 (%) CURRENT AND FUTURE MARKET TABLE 120 GLOBAL LYCOPENE CONSUMPTION BY REGION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 121 GLOBAL LYCOPENE CONSUMPTION BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) TABLE 122 GLOBAL LYCOPENE CONSUMPTION BY PRODUCTION TYPE, THROUGH 2018 (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 67 GLOBAL LYCOPENE MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2018 ($ MILLIONS) CHAPTER THIRTEEN: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND MARKETS: ZEAXANTHIN PRODUCT IDENTITY TABLE 123 PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ZEAXANTHIN HISTORY OF DEVELOPMENT AND FORMULATIONS TABLE 124 DATA SHEET FOR NATURAL ZEAXANTHIN-LUTEIN PRODUCTS TABLE 125 DATA SHEET FOR SYNTHETIC ZEAXANTHIN PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT OF CONSUMPTION TABLE 126 GLOBAL CONSUMPTION OF ZEAXANTHIN, BY REGION (TONS CRYSTALLINE) FIGURE 68 CONSUMPTION OF ZEAXANTHIN BY REGION, 2010 (%) PRICE DEVELOPMENTS MARKET VALUE TABLE 127 ZEAXANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, ($ MILLIONS) MARKETING SYSTEMS AND MARKET SHARES CURRENT AND FUTURE DEMAND FIGURE 69 GLOBAL ZEAXANTHIN MARKET VALUE BY REGION, 2010 AND 2018 ($ MILLIONS) FIGURE 69 (CONTINUED)