VARIANCE OF THE MINERAL CONTENT FROM DIFFERENT ORGANS OF TWO Pisum sativum CULTIVARS

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1 Analele ştiinţifice ale Universităţii Al. I. Cuza Iaşi Tomul LV, fasc. 1, s. II a. Biologie vegetală, 2009 VARIANCE OF THE MINERAL CONTENT FROM DIFFERENT ORGANS OF TWO Pisum sativum CULTIVARS OANA IONESCU *, I. BURZO *, N. ATANASIU **, A. IONESCU * Abstract The paper presents the content in mineral elements from the organs of two Pisum sativum cultivars namely: Gerola and Oregon Sugar Pod. The Oregon Sugar Pod is a west European cultivar little known in Romania characterized by a large vigor it can reach 150 cm height and by the fact that the edible organs are represented by pods. Determinations were made during flowery time, the analysed organs being the root, the stem, leaves from the superior half of the plant, basal leaves, flowers and edible organs. The content of mineral elements was determined in a larger amount in the Gerola cultivar. Analysis of mineral substances from the plant organs marked out a larger content in the roots (22,57% ), and the minimal quantity was found in the edible organs (7,89%). Analysis of mineral elements was made with an inductively coupled plasma spectrometer. Among the mineral elements, there has been determined the potassium percentage, which content varied between 632,95 mg./100g of dry substance in the seeds and 76,07 mg. /100g in the roots, calcium percentage that varied between 584,96 mg/100g in the basal leaves and 65,85 mg./100g in the pods, and magnesium percentage that varied between 374,52 mg. in the seeds and 26,16 mg. in the stem. Keywords: pea, chemical composition, cultivars, mangetout peas Introduction Mineral substances are absorbed by pea plants in a selective way, beyond their needs and their accumulation is different, depending on species and their organs. Accumulation of mineral elements depends in principal on the concentration of the soil solution and the interaction between these elements [3]. Pea seeds accumulate a larger quantity of next mineral elemens: potassium (304 mg/100g edible organs), phosphorus (108 mg/100g), magnesium (33 mg/100g), calcium (24 mg/100g) [2]. The presented results in this paper are expressed in mg/100g dry substance for evoiding the errors gived by the water amount contained by the plants organs. Analysis of world published data showed that it was a smaller concern in researching the mineral elements content of pea vegetative organs. The purpose of this study is to complete existing data. Material and methods There have been studied two pea cultivars: Gerola and Oregon Sugar Pod. The Oregon Sugar Pod cultivar is a mangetout pea type wich was caracterized by a large vigor it can reach 150 cm height.[1] The vegetal material was obtained by sowing in the field. During flowering, the biologic material was gathered from the two pea cultivars and it consisted in: the root, the stem, basal leaves, leaves from the top of the plant, flowers and edible parts. * University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Dept. Of Botany and Plant Physiology, Blvd Mărăşti 59, Bucharest Romania ** University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, Dept. Of Legumiculture Blvd Mărăşti 59, Bucharest Romania 93

2 The fresh vegetable material was dried for 24 hours at 105 C, cooled in a exicator and after that it was weighed for the determination of the entire dried substance, then was calcinated at 550 C. After cooling in exicators, mineral substances were quantitative determined. They were dissolved in 1 ml of nitric acid and were put in a 50 ml quoted recipient with bidistillated water. The aqueous solution obtained was used to determine the mineral elements with the ICP spectrometer IRIS Intreprid. The results were expressed in mg/100g dried substance. Results and discussions Analytic data study (tab. I) showed that from the point of vue of the mineral substances quantity, the most significant one was determined in the organs of the Gerola cultivar, excepting the superior half leaves, that has had a smaller content (8,30%), comparing to Oregon Sugar Pod cultivar (9,11%). The largest quantity of mineral substances was determined, for both species, in the roots as it follows: 22,57% for the Gerola cultivar, respectively 12,30% for Oregon Sugar Pod cultivar. Small quantities of mineral elements were determined in the pea plant stem of Gerola cultivar 14,02%, respectively Oregon Sugar Pod 11,66%. Leaves from the inferior half of pea plant contained smaller quantities of mineral substances: 11,75% at Gerola cultivar and 9,93 % at Oregon Sugar Pod. The lowest quantities of mineral substances were determinated in the edible organs: 5,7% in the pods of Oregon Sugar Pod and 7,89% in Gerola seeds. Qualitative determinations of mineral elements was made using ICP spectrometer. There have been identified 13 mineral elements, with different content, depending on species and organ type (Tab II and III). Comparing the content in mineral elements from the two cultivars, it has been noticed that Gerola cultivar had the largest content in potassium(632,95mg/100g dried substance), magnesium(374,5mg./100g dried substance), phosphorus (128,82 mg/100g), copper (1,62 mg/100g) in seeds and calcium (584,96 mg/100g) and boron (1,62 mg/100g dried substance) in the leaves from inferior half of the plant. Oregon Sugar Pod cultivar had a larger content of natrium (64,58 mg/100g dried substance), iron (20,98 mg/100g), chrom (1,25mg/100g) and berylim (0,24 mg/100g) in the root. Variation analysis of principal mineral elements from different organs of the two cultivars showed the following: The roots were characterized by the highest content in mineral elements.in the Gerola cultivar the most was found aluminium (80,68 mg/100g), manganese (71,42 mg/100g) and barium (0,69 mg/100g). The Oregon Sugarc Pod cultivar has had a higher content of natrium (64,58 mg/100g), iron (20,98 mg/100g) and chrom (1,25mg/100g). The basal leaves of tobacco plants had a maximum content in calcium (584,96 mg./100g) and in boron (2,62 mg/100g. dried substance ) at Gerola cultivar. The seeds were characterized by the highest content in potassium (632,95 mg/100g), magnesium (374,52 mg/100g), phosphorus (128,82 mg/100g) and copper (1,62 mg/100g dried substance) in Gerola cultivar.. 94

3 Stem, young leaves from the top of the plant and flowers from both pea cultivars had the smallest content in mineral elements. Conclusions The largest content in mineral substances was noticed for the pea cultivar Gerola (25,57% in root) Comparing the content in mineral elements from the two cultivars, it resulted that Gerola had the largest content in potassium (632,95 mg/100gr dried substance), calcium (584,96 mg/100g), magnesium (374,5 mg/100) and phosphorus (128,82 mg/100g). The basal leaves of pea plants had the highest content in: calcium (584,96 mg/100g) and boron (2,62 mg/100g dried substance) in Gerola cultivar and the seeds had a reach content of potassium (632,95 mg/100g), magnesium (374,52mg/100gr) and phosphorus (128,82 mg/100g) Stem, young leaves from the top of the plant and flowers from both pea cultivars had the smallest content in mineral elements. REFERENCES 1. ANDREI MARGARETA, Thebehavior of some mangetout pea cultivars in the south part of Romania, Lucrări ştiinţifice U.S.A.M.V.B., Seria B, Vol. XLVII 2. GHERGHI A. and colab., Biochimia si Fiziologia legumelor si fructelor, Editura Academiei Romane, Bucuresti,p MARSCHNER H Mineral Nutrition in higher plants. Londra 95

4 Table I.. Content of mineral substances in the organs of the two pea cultivars % dried substance cultivar Root Stem Top leaves Basal leaves Flowers Pods/ seeds Oregon Sugar 12,30 11,66 9,11 9,93 7,03 5,07 Pod Gerola 22,57 14,02 8,89 11,75 8,82 7,89 Table II. Variance of the mineral elements content in the organs of Oregon Sugar Pod cultivar Element Oregon Sugar Pod Mg/100g dried substance Root Stem Basal Top Flowers Pods leaves leaves Al 25,71 9,88 1,52 3,90 0,74 0,33 B 1,99 1,42 1,48 2,13 1,28 0,48 Ba 0,38 0,33 0,15 0,42 0,05 0,08 Be 0,24 0, Ca 121,69 219,02 136,84 450,48 66,97 65,86 Cr 1,25 0,82 0,79 1,20 0,47 0,15 Cu 0,78 0,52 0,45 0,66 0,43 0,17 Fe 20,98 4,63 1,63 2,74 1,33 0,80 K 217,84 176,94 240,16 132,33 176,40 123,85 Mg 62,49 26,16 35,05 53,20 32,05 28,00 Mn 2,25 0,36 0,46 1,29 0,34 0,16973 Na 64,58 41,262 20,78 36,86 10,81 6,57 P 69,49 36,15 102,16 61,63 0,08 0,02 96

5 Table III. Variance of the mineral elements content in the organs of Gerola cultivar Element Gerola Mg/100g dried substance Root Stem Basal Top Flowers Seeds leaves leaves Al 80,68 18,00 4,25 16,10 1,98 5,55 B 2,28 0,94 0,82 2,62 0,87 0,61 Ba 0,69 0,49 0,18 0,53 0,16 0,19 Be 0,47 0,14 0,07 0,11 0 0,06 Ca 159,86 176,15 151,78 584,96 148,22 164,63 Cr 0,04 0,61 0,57 0,61 0,30 0,67 Cu 1,13 0,39 0,37 0,36 0,31 1,62 Fe 0,75 7,23 3,62 15,37 2,64 7,99 K 76,07 384,90 426,86 190,44 230,55 632,95 Mg 190,89 42,51 43,50 79,78 45,77 374,52 Mn 71,42 0,27 0,52 1,13 0,52 1,25 Na 1,73 22,39 13,28 20,39 4,43 17,82 P 75,88 36,32 123,05 51, ,82 97