EFFECT OF MICROBIAL PHYTASE IN BROILER'S NUTRITION ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES

Transcription

1 196 LUCRĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE MEDICINĂ VETERINARA VOL. XXXIX, 2006, TIMIŞOARA EFFECT OF MICROBIAL PHYTASE IN BROILER'S NUTRITION ON PRODUCTION PERFORMANCES EFECTUL FITAZEI MICROBIOLOGICE DIN FURAJUL PUILOR DE CARNE ASUPRA PERFORMANŢELOR PRODUCTIVE MILICA ŽIVKOV-BALOŠ, D. ORLÍC, MIRA KOVAČEVIČ, SLAVICA KOŠARČIČ, M. KAPETANOV Vetrinary Sa'entific Institute "Novi Sad", Rumenački put 20, Novi Sad, Serbia and Montenegro; The possibilities of use of microbial phytase in corn/soybean meal diets for broilers with different dietary total and available level of phosphorus were investigated. Trial was carried out on 300 Arbor Acres broilers of both sexes divided into six groups. The broilers in control groups (K and K+) were fed with complete mixtures of standard raw materials and chemical composition, in which dietary available phosphorus level was formulated at the level of 0.46%. The main source of phosphorus was dicalcium phosphate. In diets for broilers in the experimental groups, by reducing (O-l and 0-1+) and complete excluding of dicalcium phosphate (O-ll and O-II+), the available phosphorus in mixtures was reduced to 0.25% and 0.10%, respectively. Diets for broilers in the experimental groups (K+, O-I+ and O-II+) were supplemented with phytase. During the experiment, that lasted 42 days through three phases (1-21, and days), performances, health status and mortality were monitored. Reduction of the dietary total and available level of phosphorus for experimental broilers induced lower body mass, gain and feed consumption as well as higher fed conversion bringing lower production index. However, by introduction phytase into diets negative effects of phosphorus reduction were, to some extent, alleviated. Total exclusion of mineral source of phosphorus from diet increased mortality and health problems. Addition of phytase decreased mortality and alleviated negative effects of dicalcium phosphate exclusion. Key words: broilers, phytase, production performance. Mixtures for animal feeding is, almost exclusively, produced from herbar components which are mainly produced in domestic industry. Potential nutritive value of herbal feed most often cannot be exploited due to the presence of antinutrttive factors or lack of endogenous enzymes. Meat producer are faced with permanently increased pressure to effectively use low quality feed. The source of mineral matters and feed of animal origin are mostly imported, so their price increases total expenses of meat production. On the other side, they present a potential source of meat contamination with salmonella, toxic and potentially toxic elements and other residua (Mihaljev et al., 2001; Živkov-Baloš et al., 2001, 2002) Partial prohibition of using feed of animal origin in European Union encourages the researchers to examine possible substitutes and alternative sources of nutritive mater (Cmiljanič et al., 2002). Incidence of BSE cast a shadow on meat production and intensifies aspects of cattle production that relate to animal

2 LUCRĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE MEDICINA VETERINARA VOL. XXXIX, 2006, TIMIŞOARA 197 rrotection and the demands of ecological associations. The demands of ecological associations refer to technological normative and also on nutrition, but insist on jsing feed of herbal origin, first of all cereals (Ristič, 2001). In order to solve the poultry nutrition problems, enzymes attract the attention :' nutritionists. Among numerous enzymes, a special place in poultry nutrition Belongs to phytase due to its effect and efficacy. Although its effects were reported žnú well known already in 1960's, twenty years have passed before commercial aoplication started. This temporal distance may be explained by the fact that the rroblems of environmental protection was not as important as it is today. On the rther side, public opinion has not been focused on this problem and the financial rireconditions for its production have not been provided. After numerous scientific esearch, the main motive were good results in digestibility of nutritive matter and retter results in production of animals. Due to fast progress in biotechnology, today enzymes are commercially produced what enables their wider application (Broz, 993). The results on using phytase in feed of broiler are incomplete and often contradictor. Having in mind the importance of this problem, the objective of this raper was set: to examine production effect of using phytase in feed mix for :roilers without components of animal origin, that are based on corn, soybean and sunflower meal with or without additional phytase, on production performances, nealth status and mortality what could considerably contribute to better knowing of phytase efficiency. ' Material and methods The experiment was carried out on 300 one day old chicken Arbor Acres provenience, both sexes, divided in six groups. Application of preventive measures, housing, care, as well as feeding and drinking regime, were adjusted to raising on litter. Tablei " Composition of feed mix in the trial with chicken aged 1-21 days*, [%]. Feeding stuffs Mixtures for experimental broilers K K+ O-l O-I+ O-ll O-IU Maize Soybean meal Sunflower meat Yeast Vegetable oil DL Methionine Limestone Dicakäum phosphate Salt Mineral-vitamin mixture Phytase *M«used for nutrition of broilers aged and days was very similar in number of ingredients and chemical composition, adjusted to the needs of poultry in the experiment.

3 198 LUCRĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ VOL. XXXIX, 2006, TIMIŞOARA The broilers were given diets with 0.46%, 0.25% or 0.10% avialable phosphorus (AP), with or without phytase. The broilers in control group (K) was fed with diets (standard chemical composition), without feed of animal origin with 0.46% AP. The main source of phosphorus was dicalcium phosphate. In diets for broiters in experimental groups, by reducing (O-l and O-I+) and complete excluding (O-ll and O-II+) dicalcium phosphate, the available phosphorus in mixtures was reduced to 0.25% and 0.10%, respectively (Table 1). The mixtures for chicken in the experimental groups (K+, O-I+ and O-II+) were supplemented with phytase of Ihe producer Alttech, USA (250 PU/kg). During the experiment, that lasted 42 days in three phases (1-21, and days), performances, health status and mortality were investigated. Control measurement of the experimental broiler determined the average body weight, and the difference of body weight in total gain, white the daily gain was calculated on duration of the whole trial. During the experiment total quantity of the mix given to the groups was measured. From the obtained data on consumption and gain, feed conversion was calculated. Data on body mass, feed conversion, feeding duration and mortality, were used for calculation of production number. Results and discussion Mortality of broilers of the K, O-l and O-I+ group in different phases of the trial was within technological standard. Mortality of O-ll and O-II+ groups was considerably higher comparing to technological standards and mortality of other groups (Table 2). It is obvious that mortality of broilers from O-II+ group was considerably lower comparing to mortality of O-ll group. Mortality of broilers in O-ll group was the highest in the second week of the trial, while for O-II+ group the highest mortality was recorded in the fifth week of the trial. The broilers from O-ll group showed signs of acute phosphorus deficiency in the first weeks of live, so the most frequent reason for death was distress, as a consequence of inability to move and consume food and water. Mnrtalih/ nf hrnilprs rinrinn thp trial ľ%1 Table 2 In post-mortem examination characteristic "rubbery" legs, spouts and scull bones, deformed breast-bone and ribs were noticed, as well as general undergrowth. The most frequent reason for death of broilers in O-II+ group was weakness of right ventricle, but pathomorphological examination showed hypertrophy of heart muscle without ascites, changes in kidneys, lung hyperemia and partial undergrowth.

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5 200 LUCRĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE MEDICINĂ VETERINARĂ VOL. XXXIX, 2006, TIMIŞOARA phosphorus considerably increased body weight and daily gain comparing to appropriate group (p<0.01), but the effect was insufficient to provide increase or body weight which would be adequate to the same one in control groups Reducing phosphorus content in mix for experimental animal resulted r proportionally worse feed conversion, and differences between the groups were very marked, especially in the first phase of the trial. Adding phytase in the mi» with reduced quantity of inorganic phosphorus source provided better exploitatior of feed. On the other hand, the same effect, except in the first phase of the trial was not noticed in the group fed with mix where mineral sours of phosphorus was totally excluded. Data about production number are displayed in Table 4. The control group achieved satisfactory production number, while addition of phytase in the mix provided better production results. On the other hand, worse production results in general were achieved by proportional reducing of phosphorus content, while adding phytase considerably increased production number of broilers that received mix with reduced quantity ol phosphorus. Production number Index Production number of experimental broilers Table 4. Group K K+ O-l O-I+ O-ll O-II Conclusions On the bases of the obtained results from the experiment, we can bring up the following conclusions: During the trial in broilers that received mix with recomended contet of total and available phosphorus, i.e. with mix containg 30% less quantity of total phosphorus no clinical changes were noticed on locomotore apparate, but also no clinical symptoms of health disorders were not noticed, because additional quantity of phytase enyzme considerably increased exploitition of phytine phoshporus. Nutrition with mix containing no mineral phosphorus source resulted in a chain of health disorders and mortality, and adding phytase has considerably alleviate disease symptoms and mortality of broilers. Adding phytase in a mix gives better production results, that is reflected in production number. Using microbial phytase may be applied, followed by certain reduction of dietary phosphorus and calcium

6 LUCRĂRI ŞTIINŢIFICE MEDICINA VETERINARĂ VOL. XXXIX, 2006, TIMIŞOARA 201 References 1. Aksakal, D.H., Bilal, T. Effects of microbial phytase and 1,25- dihkjroxycholecalciferol on the absorption of minerals from broilers chicken diets containing different levels of calcium. Acta Vet. Hung., (2002) 50, 3, Broz, J. Enzymes as feed aditives in poultry nutrition - Current applications and future trends. Monatshefte fur veterinarmedizin (1993) 48, 4, Cmiljanič, R., Supie, B., Pavlovski, Z., Trenkovski, S., Žujovič, M. Novi propisi Evropske unije vezano za ishranu domačih životinja i kvalitet animalnih proizvoda. Zivinarstvo, (2002) 8-9, Denbow, D.M., Grabau, E.A., Lacy, G.H., Kornegay, E.T., Russel, D.R. Soybeans transformed with a fungal phytase gene improve phosphorus availability for broilers. Poult. Sci., (1998) 77, 6, Komegay, E.T., Denbow, D.M., Zhang, Z. Phytase supplementation of corn-soybean meal broiler diets from tree to seven week of age. Poult. Sci., (1997) 76, Suppl. 1,6. 6. Leeson, S., Summers, J.D. Nutrition of the chicken.university books, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, 4 th Edition. (2001) 7. Mihaljev, Ž., Živkov-Baloš, M., Dilas, S. Riblje brašno i fosfatna minerálna hraniva kao moguči izvori kontaminacije toksičnim elementima. Proceedings, IV Jugoslovenski Simpozijum-Hemija i záštita životne sredine, Zrenjanin, (2001), Rama Rao, S.V., Ramasubba Reddy, V., Ravindra Reddy, V., Nonphytin phosphorus requirements of commercial broilers and White Leghorn layers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, (1999): 80, Ristič, M. Development trends in the poultry production-yesterday, today and tomorrow, Tehnologija mesa, (2001): 42, 5-6, Schoner, F.J., Hoppe, P.P., Schwarz, G., Wiesche, H. Comparison of microbial phytase and inorganic phosphate in male chickens-the influence on performance data, mineral retention and dietary calcium. Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, (1993): 69:5, Zanini, S.F., Sazzad, M.H. Effects of microbial phytase on growth and mineral utilisation in broilers fed on maize soyabean-based diets. Br. Poult. Sci., (1999): 40, 3, Živkov-Baloš, M., Mihaljev, Ž., Glamočič, D., Súdi, J., Mašič, Z. Fluor - potencijalni kontaminent sirovina za proizvodnju hrane za životinje. Savremena poljoprivreda, (2001): 50, 3-4, Živkov-Baloš, M., Mihaljev, Ž., Mašič, Z. (Mogučnosti koriščenja različitih izvora fosfora u ishrani živine.. Savremena poljoprivreda, 2002): 51, 3-4, Živkov-Baloš, M., Sinovec, Z., Jakšič, Sandra, Mihaljev, Ž., Kovačevič, Mira: Using of phytase for the purpose of improving nutritive values and safety of feed for poultry. Zborník radová XI Medunarodnog Simpozijuma tehnologije hrane za životinje "Obezbeâenje kvaliteta", V. Banja , Tehnološki fakultet, Závod za tehnologiju hrane za životinje, 57-63(srp), (eng).