B Supporting Information for Human Health Risk Assessment

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "B Supporting Information for Human Health Risk Assessment"

Coleen Reynolds
5 years ago
Views:

1 B Supporting Information for Human Health Risk Assessment OY06.06_PT083

3 Appendix B Table of Contents 1. Calculation of Infant Body Weight 2. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Meat for Native American Subsistence Scenario 3. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Fowl and Eggs for Native American Subsistence Scenario 4. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Fish for Native American Subsistence Scenario 5. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Produce for Native American Subsistence Scenario 6. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Beef for Subsistence Farmer Scenario 7. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Poultry for Subsistence Farmer Scenario 8. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Goat for Subsistence Farmer Scenario 9. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Eggs for Subsistence Farmer Scenario 10. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Dairy for Subsistence Farmer Scenario 11. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Produce for Subsistence Farmer Scenario 12. Calculation of Consumption Rate of Fish for Subsistence Fisher Scenario 13. Memorandum from USEPA Re: Human Health Risk Assessment Work Plan for the Midnite Uranium Mine, Comments on Proposed Inhalation Rate of 30 m 3 /day, dated December 27, Memorandum from AESE, Inc. Re: Tribe s Response to Marc Stifelman s December 28, 2001 Memo Regarding the Proposed Inhalation Rate of 30 m 3 /day, dated January 3, Letter from Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Re: The CTUIR-ESTP Supplemental Addition to the Proposed Inhalation Rate of 30 m 3 /day Memo, dated April 8, Letter from Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation Re: The CTUIR-ESTP Response to Marc Stifelman s December 28, 2001 Memo Regarding the Proposed Inhalation Rate of 30 m 3 /day, dated January 22, Native American Sweat Lodge Scenario Exposure Equations

5 Calculation of Infant Body Weight (Values from Table 7-1, EPA 1997b) 1) Calculate the mean body weight (BW) values between the age time intervals: Age at Time Interval t 1 BW-t 1 (kilograms [kg]) and t 2 (months) BW-t 2 (kg) Birth to 1 mo mo to 2 mo mo to 6 mo mo to 9 mo mo to 12 mo ) Weight the body weights (BW) by time period: Average BW for Time Interval = (t 1 + t 2 ) / 2 (kg) Age at Time Interval t 1 and t 2 (months) Average BW (kg) No. of Months per Time Period (weighting) Weighted BW for Time Interval (kg) Birth to 1 mo mo to 2 mo mo to 6 mo mo to 9 mo mo to 12 mo ) Calculate the sum of mean time-weighted body weight (BW): Age at Time Interval t 1 Weighted BW for Time and t 2 (months) Interval (kg) Birth to 1 mo mo to 2 mo mo to 6 mo mo to 9 mo mo to 12 mo SUM of weighted BW = ) Calculate the mean time-weighted infant body weight (BW) for 1-year old infant: Infant BW = Sum of weighted BW (86.02 kg) / 12 months = Source: EPA 1997b. Infant BW = 7.17 kg

6 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Meat for Native American Subsistence Scenario (Values Obtained from EPA 1997b) Adult Meat/game ingestion rate of 250 g/d is based on EPA 1997b Organ ingestion rate of 54 g/d is recommended based on 10% of the fish ingestion rate Meat/Game Ingestion 250 g/d To convert from fresh weight to as consumed weight, adjust for preparation and cooking losses Meat/Game 27.00% preparation loss 24.00% cooking loss As consumed weight Body weight (BW) Intake g/d 70 kg kg/kg-d Total meat/game intake = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult consumption rate (CR) from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Beef = HHRAP Child CR-Pork = HHRAP Adult CR-Beef = HHRAP Adult CR-Pork = Ratio using beef and pork = Total meat/game intake = kg/kg-d Source: EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a. Key: g/d = Grams per day. kg/kg-d = Kilograms per kilograms per day. kg = Kilograms.

7 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Fowl and Eggs for Native American Subsistence Scenario (Values Obtained from Harris and Harper 1997) Adult Fowl ingestion rate of 44 g/d is based on local hunting information (Harris and Harper 1997). Based on information presented in the Hanford work plan, 21 g/d is assumed to be eggs and 23 g/d is assumed to be fowl. Eggs intake Fowl intake 21 g/d 23 g/d To convert from fresh weight to as consumed weight, adjust for preparation and cooking losses (Table 13-5, EPA 1997b) Eggs Fowl 0.00% preparation loss 32.00% preparation loss 0.00% cooking loss 31.00% cooking loss As consumed weight 21 g/d As consumed weight g/d BW 70 kg BW 70 kg Intake of Eggs = kg/kg-d Intake of Fowl = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult CR from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Eggs = HHRAP Child CR-Fowl = HHRAP Adult CR-Eggs = HHRAP Adult CR-Fowl = Ratio = Ratio = Intake of Eggs = kg/kg-d Intake of Fowl = kg/kg-d Source: Harris and Harper 1997, EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a.

8 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Fish for Native American Subsistence Scenario (Values Obtained from Harris and Harper 1997) Adult Fish ingestion rate of 540 g/d is the wet weight - based on the assumption of 135 g/d fresh fish and 135 g/d dried fish. Organ ingestion rate of 54 g/d is recommended based on 10% of the fish ingestion rate Fish tissue wet: Organs wet: Total fish wet: 540 g/d 54 g/d 594 g/d To convert from fresh weight to as consumed weight, adjust for preparation and cooking losses (Table 13-5, EPA 1997b) 30.00% preparation loss 11.00% cooking loss with losses - as directed by EPA without losses - as directed by Barbara Harper As consumed weight g/d As consumed weight 594 g/d BW 70 kg BW 70 kg Fish Intake = kg/kg-d Fish Intake = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult CR from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Fish = HHRAP Child CR-Fish = HHRAP Adult CR-Fish = HHRAP Adult CR-Fish = Ratio = Ratio = Fish Intake = kg/kg-d Fish Intake = kg/kg-d Source: Harris and Harper 1997, EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a.

9 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Produce for Native American Subsistence Scenario (Values from Tables 9-7 through 9-11, EPA 1999d: Per capita intake for Native Americans ) g/kg-d g/kg-d dry wt, kg/kg-d dry wt, kg/kg-d mean 95%ile % of total mean 95%ile total fruit intake protected fruits exposed fruits total vegetables protected aboveground vegetables exposed aboveground vegetables root vegetables % of total veg. % of total veg. root vegetables For use in calculating COPC intake from produce (Table C-1-2 of the HHRAP; EPA 1998a): mean, kg/kg-d 95%ile, kg/kg-d total protected aboveground produce = protected fruit + vegetables = total exposed aboveground produce = exposed fruit + vegetables = total abvgrnd produce (assume all exposed) = total abvgrnd. protected + exposed = root vegetables = root vegetables = Total produce intake (assuming all is exposed) = Total abvgrnd produce + root vegetables = kg/kg-d These numbers are for total per capita produce consumption by Native American subsistence residents. A subsistence scenario should use a high-end consumption rate (95%ile) instead of a mean rate. The relative amounts of protected v. non-protected produce are site-specific. The consumption rates are based on studies which included children, and are adjusted for weight. Therefore, they should not be adjusted further for weight in calculating average daily dose. In addition, corrections to account for changes in portion size from cooking losses are not required. Intake rates are based on an as-consumed basis and then coverted to dry wt based on an average 85% water content. Fraction of produce that is assumed to be contaminated is a site-specific decision, with a default of 1.0. Source: EPA 1998a, EPA 1999d.

10 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Beef for Subsistence Farmer Scenario (Values from Table 13-36, EPA 1997b) Adult Use 95th percentile from households who raise animals (Table 13-36, EPA 1997b): 7.51g/kg-d Use cooking losses of 27% and 24% from Table 13-5 (EPA 1997b) Using Equation 13-3 (EPA 1997b): CR-Beef Preparation Loss Cooking Loss 7.51 (1-0.27) (1 -.24) Intake = = 7.51 * 0.73 * 0.76 = 4.17 g/kg-d Beef Intake = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult CR from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Beef = HHRAP Adult CR-Beef = Ratio = Calculate child CR-beef using ratio of intakes from HHRAP (EPA 1998a) Intake = Adult CR-Beef * HHRAP Ratio = * = kg/kg-d Source: EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a.

11 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Poultry for Subsistence Farmer Scenario (Values Obtained from EPA 1997b) Adult Use 95th percentile from households who farm (EPA 1997b): 4.83 Use cooking losses of 32% and 31% from Table 13-5 (EPA 1997b) Using Equation 13-3 (EPA 1997b): g/kg-d CR-Poultry Preparation Loss Cooking Loss 4.83 (1-.32) (1-.31) Intake = = 4.83 * 0.68 * 0.69 = g/kg-d Poultry Intake = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult CR from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Poultry = HHRAP Adult CR-Poultry = Ratio = Calculate child CR-poultry using ratio of intakes from HHRAP (EPA 1998a) Intake = Adult CR-Poultry * HHRAP Ratio = * Intake = kg/kg-d Source: EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a.

12 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Goat for Subsistence Farmer Scenario (Values from Table 13-54, EPA 1997b) * Use CR-Pork as Surrogate for Goat Adult Use 95th percentile from households who farm (EPA 1997b): 3.69 Use cooking losses of 28% and 36% from Table 13-5 (EPA 1997b) Using Equation 13-3 (EPA 1997b): g/kg-d CR-Goat Preparation Loss Cooking Loss 3.69 (1-.28) (1-.36) Intake = = 3.69 * 0.72 * 0.64 = g/kg-d Goat Intake = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult CR from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Pork = HHRAP Adult CR-Pork = Ratio = Calculate child CR-poultry using ratio of intakes from HHRAP (EPA 1998a) Intake = Adult CR-Goat * HHRAP Ratio = * Intake = kg/kg-d Source: EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a.

13 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Eggs for Subsistence Farmer Scenario (Values from Table 13-43, EPA 1997b) Adult Use 95th percentile from households who farm (EPA 1997b): 1.85 g/kg-d No cooking losses are used Intake = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult CR from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Eggs = HHRAP Adult CR-Eggs = Ratio = Calculate child CR-Fish using ratio of intakes from HHRAP (EPA 1998a) Intake = Adult CR-Eggs * HHRAP Ratio = * = kg/kg-d Source: EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a.

14 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Dairy for Subsistence Farmer Scenario (Values from Table 13-43, EPA 1997b) Adult Use 95th percentile from households who farm (EPA 1997b): 4.4 g/kg-d No cooking losses are used Intake = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult CR from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Dairy = HHRAP Adult CR-Dairy = Ratio = 2.21 Calculate child CR-Dairy using ratio of intakes from HHRAP (EPA 1998a) Intake = Adult CR-Dairy * HHRAP Ratio = * 2.21 = kg/kg-d Source: EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a.

15 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Produce for Subsistence Farmer Scenario (Values from Tables 9-7 through 9-11, EPA 1999d) Adult & Child 95th percentile per capita intake for the West Region adjusted for dry weight 95th %ile intake, g/kg-day, (assumed H 2 0=85%) as consumed kg/kg-day Exposed fruit Protected fruit Exposed vegetables Protected vegetables Root vegetables Exposed produce = Exposed fruit + vegetables = kg/kg-day Protected produce = Protected fruit + vegetables = kg/kg-day Root vegetables = Root vegetables = kg/kg-day The relative amounts of exposed v. protected fruits and vegetables can be adjusted on a site-specific basis. The fraction of produce assumed to be contaminated is 1.0 for the subsistence farmer. The 95th percentile was chosen to estimate a subsistence farmer lifestyle. Source: EPA 1998a, EPA 1999d

16 Calculation of Consumption Rate of Fish for Subsistence Fisher Scenario (Values from Table 13-23, EPA 1997b) Adult Use 95th percentile from households who fish (EPA 1997b): 5.61 g/kg-d Use cooking losses of 30% and 11% from Table 13-5 (EPA 1997b) Using Equation 13-3 (EPA 1997b): CR-Fish Preparation Loss Cooking Loss (1-.30) (1-.11) Intake = = 5.61 * 0.7 * 0.89 = g/kg-d Fish Intake = kg/kg-d Child Calculate ratio of child to adult CR from Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol (HHRAP; EPA 1998a) HHRAP Child CR-Fish = HHRAP Adult CR-Fish = Ratio = Calculate child CR-Fish using ratio of intakes from HHRAP (EPA 1998a) Intake = Adult CR-Fish * HHRAP Ratio Fish Intake = kg/kg-d Source: EPA 1997b, EPA 1998a.

35 Native American Sweat Lodge Exposure Scenario Exposure Equations Inhalation in Sweat Lodge The following equation is used in the Environmental Risk Assessment Workplan for the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant to estimate exposures via inhalation for Native American adults inside the sweat lodge and will be used for the UMCDF PostRA work plan to calculate inhalation of nonvolatile compounds generated from the UMCDF. I inh C = V w nv π r InhR ET BW AT sw EF sw ED sw (1) where: Iinh = intake of COPCs from inhalation in the sweat lodge (mg/kg-day) C = dissolved surface water concentration of COPCs (mg/l); calculated according to EPA 1998a, Appendix B Vw-nv = volume of water (L) used in a single sweat; see the discussion of Vw-nv below π = the constant pi (unitless); π 3.14 r = radius of sweat lodge (m) InhR = inhalation rate (m 3 /hr) ETsw = exposure time (hr/event) EFsw = exposure frequency (events/yr) EDsw = exposure duration (yr) BW = body weight (kg) AT = averaging time for carcinogens (ATc) or noncarcinogens (ATnc) (days) Vw-v = 4 L For volatile and semivolatile compounds: This value represents the total quantity of water expected to be used during a sweat. This value was used since it is assumed that all volatile compounds remain in the gaseous state at elevated temperatures in the sweat lodge. Partitioning of these materials into condensed water was neglected. In addition, it is assumed that all water is poured over heated rocks to generate steam at the start of the sweat. Both assumptions will over-predict exposure.

36 Vw-nv = 0.34 L For nonvolatile compounds: This value represents the volume of water needed to produce 100% saturation in a hemispherical sweat lodge with a with a 1-meter radius and an operating temperature of 150 F. Use of this value assumes that nonvolatile compounds become airborne as an aerosol and the quantity of nonvolatile constituents is limited by the amount of water that may be in the air at any given time. Equation 1 with Vw-nv equal to 0.34 L is appropriate for calculating inhalation of nonvolatile compounds generated from the UMCDF. For volatile and semivolatile compounds, the decision to ignore liquid partitioning may be reasonable given the assumed temperature of 150 F. However, the assumption to pour all of the water over the heated rocks at the beginning of the sweat is not an accurate representation of sweat lodge use. Therefore, a time-dependent function describing water use during a sweat was incorporated into Equation 1 and is described below. Defining a time-dependent volume function for contact with volatile and semivolatile compounds, Vw-v(t), which describes the temporal, cumulative addition of water to the heated rocks during a sweat results in the following inhalation equation: I inh 1 C InhR EFsw ED 2 3 sw ET 3 π r = Vw BW AT 0 v ( t) dt If it is assumed that water is poured over heated rocks at a constant rate throughout the sweat, then the volume function would be described by the following linear equation: V w v = 4L ET sw t Noting that: ET ET 4L Vw v ( t) dt = t dt = ET 2 0 sw 0 L ET sw Then, the intake by inhalation is described by the following equation which will be used to estimate intake of volatile and semivolatile compounds via inhalation: I inh Vw v 1 C InhR ET π r = BW AT sw EF sw ED sw (2)

37 where Vw-v equals 4 L. The assumptions regarding the mathematical representation of water volume in the sweat lodge are an uncertainty in estimating intake via inhalation for the Native American adult. For simplicity, the linear assumption, Equation 2, is a reasonable approximation for intake via inhalation of volatile and semivolatile compounds in the sweat lodge. Dermal Exposure in Sweat Lodge Dermal exposure should be calculated using the same assumptions described for inhalation exposure. For volatile and semivolatile compounds, 100% volatilization is assumed. However, as stated above, the volume of water becoming vaporized in the sweat lodge is time-dependent. The following equation is obtained when incorporating the time-dependent assumption into the dermal equation obtained from Environmental Risk Assessment Workplan for the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant. A simplified version of the following equation is presented as Equation 3 and will be used to estimate exposure to volatile and semivolatile compounds via dermal contact for the UMCDF PostRA: I d C 1 π r SA Kp ET BW AT EF ED 2 3 sw sw sw 1 3 = Vw v 0 ( t) dt where: Id = intake of COPCs from dermal absorption within the sweat lodge (mg/kgday) C = dissolved-phase surface water concentration (mg/l); calculated according to EPA 1998a, Appendix B Vw-v = volume of water (4 L) used in a single sweat SA = body surface area available for contact (cm 2 ) Kp = COPC-specific permeability constant (cm/hr) ETsw = exposure time (hr/event) EFsw = exposure frequency (events/yr) EDsw = exposure duration (yr) BW = body weight (kg) AT = averaging time for carcinogens (ATc) or noncarcinogens (ATnc) (days) and:

38 V ( t Vw ET w v ) = v sw t So that: Vw v 1 C SA Kp ET r I 3 π d = BW AT sw EF sw ED sw (3) where Vw-v = 4 L. For non-volatile compounds, the dermal exposure assumptions would result in a concentration in vapor equal to that of the water added to the heated rocks. Intake via dermal contact would be calculated using the following equation: I d C SA Kp ETsw EFsw EDsw CF = (4) BW AT where CF = units conversion factor of 10 (L/m 2 -cm).

Chapter 6 Quantifying Exposure

What s Covered in Chapter 6: Chapter 6 Quantifying Exposure 6.1 Inhalation Exposure Pathways 6.2 Ingestion Exposure Pathways 6.3 Dermal Exposure Pathways 6.4 Exposure Frequency 6.5 Exposure Duration 6.6