Study Synopses: International Studies on SSBs

Transcription

1 Study Synopses: International Studies on SSBs Topic Citation Funder(s) Conclusions Australia Grimes, C.A., Riddell, L.J., Campbell, K.J., Nowson, C.A. (2013). Dietary salt intake, sugarsweetened beverage consumption, and obesity risk. Pediatrics, 131, Helen MacPherson Smith Trust Project; Heart Foundation of Australia Children with diets high in salt consumed more fluids in general and more SSBs in particular. SSB consumption was also associated with obesity risk. Canada Danyliw, A.D., Vatanparast, H., Nikpartow, N., Whiting, S.J. (2012). Beverage patterns among Canadian children and relationship to overweight and obesity. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, 37, 1-7. Canadian Institutes for Health Research Canadian children aged 2-18 years (sample size 10,038) consumed sweetened beverages, such as fruit drinks and soft drinks, in higher amounts than recommended. However, the results overall show no relationship between beverage consumption and overweight and obesity, except boys aged 6-11 may be at increased risk. Canada Nikpartow, N., Danyliw, A.D., Whiting, S.J., Lim, H.J., Vatanparast, H. (2012). Beverage consumption patterns of Canadian adults aged 19 to 65 years. Pub Health Nutr, 15.12, Canadian Institutes for Health Research Among a sample of 14,277 participants, the contribution of SSBs (fruit drinks and soft drinks) was over 50% of total energy intake from beverages.

2 Canada Pabayo, R., Spence, J.C., Cutumisu, N., Casey, L., Storey, K. (2012). Sociodemographic, behavioural and environmental correlates of sweetened beverage consumption among pre-school children. Pub Health Nutr, 15.8, Canadian Institutes for Health Research; Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council Children in the sample (2114) from low-income neighborhoods or watched >2 hours of screen time daily were significantly more likely to have consumed regular soft drinks within the last week. Great Britain Great Britain Coppinger, T., Jeanes, Y.M., Mitchell, M., Reeves, S. (2013). Beverage consumption and BMI of British schoolchildren aged 9-13 years. Pub Health Nutr, 16.7, Ng, S.W., Mhurchu, C.N., Jebb, S.A., Popkin, B.M. (2011). Patterns and trends of beverage consumption among children and adults in Great Britain, Brit J Nutr, 108, University of North Carolina; Medical Research Council, UK Boys consumed 10% and girls 9% of their daily energy intake from beverages. Most children had total sugar intakes greater than recommended with beverages contributing between a quarter and a third of total sugars consumed. Although there was a strong relationship between consumption of beverages and total energy intake, there was no relationship between consumption and either BMI or BMI Z-score. In , beverages accounted for 21, 14 and 18% of daily energy intake for children aged and 4-18 years, and adults (19-64 years), respectively. Since the 1990s, children reduced their intake of high-fat dairy products and increased consumption of sodas, fruit drinks, juices and sweetened dairy. Adults consumed more reduced-fat milk, alcohol and fruit juice. A 10% tax increase may result in a decrease of 7.5ml per capita per day.

3 Norwegian Research Council Norway Stea, T.H., Øverby, N.C., Klepp, K.I., Bere, E. (2012). Changes in beverage consumption in Norwegian children from 2001 to Pub Health Nutr, 15.3, A lower frequency of consumption of SSBs was observed among pupils in 2008 than in This coincides with the Norwegian health authority's activities during this time period to decrease the intake of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages among children and adolescents. Consumption and TV Viewing: Sweden Olafsdottir, S., Eiben, G., Prell, H., Hense, S., Lissner, L., Mårild, S., Reisch, L., Berg, C. (2013). Young children's screen habits are associated with consumption of sweetened beverages independently of parental norms. Int J Pub Health, in press. The Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research; IDEFICS Study; European Community - 6th RTD Framework Programme; European Union The likelihood of consuming sweetened beverages at least 1-3 times per week increased for each hour/day watching television, and for being exposed to commercials. Health risks: Australia Armfield, J.M., Spencer, A.J., Roberts-Thomson, K.F., Plastow, K. (2013). Water flouridation and the association of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and dental caries in Australian children. Am J Public Health, 103, National Health and Medical Research Council Greater consumption of SSBs was significantly associated with dental caries, although greater exposure to fluoridated water helped ameliorate the association between SSB consumption and dental decay.

4 Health risks: Canada Health risks: Europe Wang, J.W., Mark, S., Henderson, M., O'Loughlin, J., Tremblay, A., Wortman, J., Paradis, G., Gray- Donald, K. (2013). Adiposity and glucose intolerance exacerbate components of metabolic syndrome in children consuming sugarsweetened beverages: QUALITY cohort study. Pediatr Obes, 8, Higher SSB consumption is associated with elevated blood pressure and greater insulin resistance among overweight and obesity children, whereas these associations are not evidence among normal-weight children. In youth with impaired glucose tolerance, higher consumption of SSBs is strongly associated with greater adiposity. The InterAct Consortium. (2013). EU FP6 Programme; NL The study demonstrates a positive association between Consumption of sweet beverages Agency; Board of the UMC sugar-sweetened soft drink consumption and increased and type 2 diabetes incidence in Utrecht; Dutch Ministry of Public incidence of type 2 diabetes in European adults. European adults: results from EPIC- Health, Welfare and Sports; InterAct. Diabetologia, in press. Netherlands Cancer Registry; LK Research Funds; Dutch Prevention Funds; Dutch ZON; World Cancer Research Fund; Statistics Netherlands; Swedish Research Council; Novo Nordisk; Swedish Heart Lung Foundation; Swedish Diabetes Association; Danish Cancer Society; Deutsche Krebshilfe; Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro; Quiros Asturias Regional Government; Health Research Fund of the Spanish Ministry of Health; CIBER en Epidemiologia y Salud Publica, Spain; Murcia Regional Government; AIRE-ONLUS Ragusa; AVIS-Ragusa; Sicilian Regional Government

5 Health Risks: International Basu, S., McKee, M., Galea, G., Stuckler, D. (2013). Relationship of soft drink consumption to global overweight, obesity, and diabetes: A cross-national analysis of 75 countries. Am J Pub Health, 103, Soft drink consumption is significantly linked to overweight, obesity, and diabetes worldwide, including in low- and middle-income countries. Health risks: Japan Intervention: Brazil Eshak, E.S., Iso, H., Kokubo, Y., Saito, I., Yamagishi, K., Inoue, M., Tsugane, S. (2012). Soft drink intake in relation to incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, and stroke subtypes in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Centre-based study cohort 1. Am J Clin Nutr, 96, 1-8. Sichieri, R., Trotte, A.P., de Souza, R.A., Veiga, G.V. (2009). School randomised trial on prevention of excessive weight gain by discouraging students from drinking sodas. Pub Health Nutr, 12.2, Grants-in-aid for cancer Research and Health Sciences Research Grant from Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan Brazilian National Research Council In a sample of 39,786 men and women aged years, soft drink intake was associated with higher risk of ischemic stroke for women. A statistically signficant decrease in the daily consumption of SSBs in the intervention group was followed by a non-significant overall reduction in BMI. However, among those students overweight at baseline, the intervention showed greater BMI reduction; the reduction was statistically significant among girls. Intervention: Chile Albala, C., Ebbeling, C.B., Cifuentes, M., Lera, L., Bustos, N., Ludwig, D.S. (2012). Effects of replacing the habitual consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages with milk in Chilean children. Am J Clin Nutr, 88.3, Fogarty International Center; NIH Replacing habitual consumption of SSBs with milk may have beneficial effects on lean body mass and growth in children.

6 Intervention: the Netherlands de Ruyter, J.C., Olthof, M.R., Seidell, J.C., Katan, M.B. (2012). A trial of sugar-free or sugarsweetened beverages and body weight in children. N Eng J Med, , Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development Masked replacement of SSBs with artificially sweetened beverages reduced weight gain and fat accumulation in normal-weight children. Childhood Obesity: Australia Jensen, B.W., Nicols, M., Allender, S., de Silva-Sanigorski, A., Millar, L., Kremer, P., Lacy, K. Swinburn, B. (2013). Inconsistent associations between sweet drink intake and 2- year change in BMI among Victorian children and adolescents. Pediatr Obes, 8, Victorian Department of Health; National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia); Health Research Council (New Zealand); Wellcome Trust (UK); AusAID; Commonwealth Department of Health and Ageing; Victorian Department of Human Services; Victorian Health Promotion Foundation; Tryg Foundation; Centre for Intervention Research in Health Promotion and Disease Prevention; The Danish Heart Foundation; Familien Hede Nielsen Foundation; University of Southern Denmark There was limited evidence of a longitudinal association between sweet drink intake and BMI among a large sample of children and adolescents in Victoria, Australia. Obesity: Costa Rica Rhee, J.J., Mattei, J., Campos, H. (2012). Association between commercial and traditional sugarsweetened beverages and measures of adiposity in Costa Rica. Pub Health Nutr, 15.8, National Institutes of Health In a sample of 2045 participants, the association between soda and commercially available fruit drinks and obesity was stronger than the association between traditional home-made drinks and obesity.

7 Childhood Obesity: The Netherlands Stoof, S.P., Twisk, J.W.R., Olthof, M.R. (2013). Is the intake of sugarcontaining beverages during adolescence related to adult weight status? Pub Health Nutr, 16.7, Dutch Heart Foundation; Dutch Prevention Fund; Dutch Ministry of Well Being and Public Health; Dairy Foundation on Nutrition and Health; Dutch Olympic Committee/Netherlands Sports Foundation; Heineken Inc Intake of SSBs excluding 100% fruit juices at the age of 13 years was positively associated with adult %total fat and %trunk fat in males, but not females. Taxes: India Basu, S, Vellakkal, S., Agrawal, S., Stuckler, D., Popkin, B., Ebrahim, S. (2014). Averting obesity and type 2 diabetes in India through sugarsweetened beverage taxation: An economic-epidemiologic modeling study. PLOS Med., DOI: /journal.pmed Sustained SSB taxation at a high tax rate could mitigate rising obesity and type 2 diabetes in India among both urban and rural subpopulations. Taxes: International Mytton, O., Clarke, D., Rayner, M. (2012). Taxing unhealthy food and drinks to improve health. Brit Med J, 344, e2931. National Heart Forum Examination of current research supports a 20% tax on foods and beverages as a means of shifting consumption toward healthy food choices. Taxes: International Bahl, R., Bird, R., Walker, M.B. (2003). The uneasy case against discriminatory excise taxation: Soft drink taxes in Ireland. Public Financ Rev, 1.5, Andrew Young School of Policy, Georgia State University; International Tax Program, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto A 10% increase in the price of soft drinks could lead to an 11% decrease in the number of liters of SSBs consumed.

8 Taxes: Taiwan Yang, C., Chiou, W. (2010). Substitution of healthy for unhealthy beverages among college students: A health-concerns and behavioraleconomics perspective. Appetite, 54, Increasing the price of the type of beverage (healthy vs unhealthy) reduced purchases of that type and led to substitution with the other type. Including messages about health concerns also increased the purchase of healthy beverages.

9 Taxes: International Jou, J., Techakehakij, W. (2012). International application of sugarsweetened beverage taxation in obesity reduction: Factors that may influence policy effectiveness in country-specific contexts. Health Policy, 107.1, SSB taxation has high potential to reduce obesity prevalence in US but overall impact in other countries may be affected by obesity prevalence, SSB consumption levels, and existing baseline tax rates. *Funding from food/beverage industry or organizations representing industry For more information, contact Roberta Friedman, ScM, Director of Public Policy, Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity, Yale University, 309 Edwards Street, Box New Haven, CT 06520, Ph: (203) , Fax: (203) , Updated 01/22/2014