Evaluation of two muscling QTL in sheep using ultrasound (US), computer tomography (CT) and video image analysis (VIA)
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1 Evaluation of two muscling QTL in sheep using ultrasound (US), computer tomography (CT) and video image analysis (VIA) J.M. Macfarlane a, N.R. Lambe a, E. Rius- Vilarrasa a, K.A. McLean a, A. Masri a, W. Haresign b, O. Matika c, S.C. Bishop c, L.Bunger a a SAC, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK b Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion SY23 3AL, UK c The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Roslin, EH25 9PS, UK Lutz.Bunger@sac.ac.uk S.41 1
2 But there are lessons from Callipyge and other major genes/qtl From: 'beautiful buttocks' To: Butchers nightmare Photos on the left from Cockett et al CT images from Gootwine et al
3 A QTL needs to be validated and comprehensively evaluated! 3
4 Part of a complex research project (= also the acknowledgement slide) 4
5 Su Grad Direct effects QTL 5
6 Comprehensive evaluation of muscling QTL s Indirect effects QTL Lambing ease Indirect effects Intra-muscular fat Vigour/survival Disease resistance Tenderness 6
7 Prior Knowledge: TM-QTL Chr. 18 Walling,G.A., Visscher,P.M., Wilson,A.D., McTeir,B.L., Simm,G. & Bishop,S.C. (2004) Mapping of quantitative trait loci for growth and carcass traits in commercial sheep populations Journal of Animal Science 82, Increase of mm in loin muscle depth in Texel lambs 7
8 Prior Knowledge: LM-QTL identified in Australian Poll Dorset sheep (Nicoll et al., 1998) LM-QTL a.k.a. Carwell, REM, LoinMax TM on chromosome 18 discrete from Callipyge locus (McLaren et al., 2003) Increases area and weight of loin muscle by 11% and 8% respectively (Poll Dorset Romney lambs) (McEwan et al., 2000) LM-QTL Callipyge Minor negative impact on tenderness (Jopson et al., 2001) (McLaren et al., 2003) 8
9 Stratified system - UK sheep production Draft Hill ewes Cross-bred ewes Crossing ram (longwool) Meat ram SLAUGHTER LAMBS ~70% of all slaughter lambs 9
10 Material and methods TM-QTL LM-QTL TEEL MULE POLL DORSET MULE Method 16 weeks 20 weeks Method 16 weeks 20 weeks US US CT Su grad VIA DIS CT Su grad VIA DIS! 10
11 Results: ultrasound TM-QTL LM-QTL trait Diff(%) trait Diff (%) UFD (mm) UMD (mm) * UFD (mm) UMD (mm) * UFD = ultrasound fat depth UMD = ultrasound muscle depth 11
12 Results: CT (MLL =loin) TM-QTL LM-QTL weeks 16 weeks trait Diff (%) trait Diff (%) MLL_A (cm 2 ) MLL_W (mm) MLL_D (mm) * 3.0 * 6.7 * MLL_A (cm 2 ) MLL_W (mm) MLL_D (mm) * 1.4 * 3.4 * MLL_A = loin muscle area; MLL_W = loin muscle width; MLL_D = loin muscle depth 12
13 Results: VIA TM-QTL LM-QTL trait Diff (%) Trait Diff (%) P_loin (kg) TP_loin (kg) * P_chump (kg) TP_chump (kg) P_leg (kg) TP_leg (kg) P_breast (kg) TP_breast (kg) P_shoulder (kg) TP_shoulder P, TP = weight of (trimmed) primal cut, predicted using VIA 13
14 Results: dissection TM-QTL LM-QTL DIS Trait Diff (%) Trait Diff (%) MLL wt (kg) chump (kg) leg - chump (kg) breast (kg) * MLL wt (kg) chump (kg) leg - chump (kg) breast (kg) No dissection shoulder (kg) shoulder (kg) MLL wt = loin muscle weight 14
15 Results: Carcass traits TM-QTL LM-QTL Trait Diff (%) Trait Diff (%) CCW (kg) CCW (kg) CONF CONF FAT FAT CCW = cold carcass weight CONF = conformation grade on numeric scale FAT = fat grade converted to estimated subcutaneous fat % 15
16 Conclusions (TM-QTL & LM-QTL) (1) TM-QTL and LM-QTL cause significantly greater muscling in the loin region No evidence that either QTL affects other carcass traits Both QTL are located on chromosome 18 and have very similar phenotypic effects The phenotypic effect of the TM-QTL was not detected by the current carcass grading system, nor by the VIAsystem The phenotypic effect of the LM-QTL was not detected by the current carcass grading system, but the VIAsystem detected loin differences 16
17 Conclusions (TM-QTL & LM-QTL) (2) TM-QTL and LM-QTL could potentially provide the sheep industry with a method to increase carcass value through increased weight in the loin, a high value region. Still to be considered - the effects of TM-QTL on meat quality and animal health and welfare traits (also for the LM-QTL). The mode of inheritance is not fully understood. Further studies of the TM-QTL are underway in purebred lambs with all 3 genotypes. 17
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