Index. Budget Method, Danish,

Transcription

1 Index Acceptable Daily Intakes (ADIs), 9, 45, 83,91,170,205,206, ,252 Aflatoxins, Albendazole, 206 Albendazole residues in bovine liver, 212 in bovine muscle meat, 212 Alcohol, Alcoholic dementia, 149 Aldrin intake, 134 All Persons Mean Intakes (APMI), 174 Amino acids and protein, APMI (All Persons Mean Intakes), 174 Appendicitis, 147 Arsenic intake, Arterial thrombosis, 143 Aspartame consumption, Aspartame intake, Aspartame level in products, 174 Atherosclerotic lesions, 143 Benzoic acid/benzoate intake, 125 Between-person variability, Beverages in food basket, 194 Blood pressure change, 144 Blood pressure elevation, 149 Body burden, 47 Bovine liver albendazole residues in, 212 zeranol residues in, 211 Bovine muscle meat albendazole residues in, 212 zeranol residues in, 211 Budget Method, Danish, Cadmium intake, 66-71,122, , 241 Calcium intake, Cancer mortality, 144 Carbohydrates, Carcinogen risk assessment, Cardiomyopathy, alcoholic, 149 CCFAC (Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants), 91-93, 96 CC/RVDF (Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods), 91, 95, Celiac disease, 142 Cesium-137 in Sweden, CHD (coronary heart disease), , 149 Chemical safety, International Programme on (IPCS), 90 Chernobyl, radiocesium intake after, Cholesterol, 143 Cholesterol intake, Cirrhosis, 48 CIVO-TNO market basket, 16, 17 Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants (CCFAC), 91-93, 96 Codex Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Foods (CC/RVDF), 91,95, Cold weather wave (CWW), Colon cancer, 147 Comparability of intake studies, Constipation,

2 254 Index Contaminant intake, in Denmark, estimating, Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, 78 Coronary heart disease (CHD), , 149 Cream consumption, Cultural diets, CWW (cold weather wave), Daily adjusted menu (DAM), 161 Danish Budget Method, Data aggregation, Data banks, food composition, see Food composition data banks Data exchange, international, DDT, 185 Default codes, NFCS, 5 Denmark contaminant intake in, food additives in, National Food Agency survey, national surveillance in, Diary, food, 4, 5, 77 Dieldrin intake, 134 Diet, see also Food entries cultural, frequent errors of, 160 Dietary exposure to pesticides, Dietary fiber, Dietary frequency method, 4-5 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 139, 141 Dietary history, 4 Dietary intake, see also Intake studies GEMS/Food coordination of studies, methods for determining, of pollutants, summary and perspectives, of veterinary drug residues, Dietary recall, 24-hour, 4, 5, 76 Dietary surveys, 77-79, Dioxin analysis, 248 Diverticulitis, 146 Duplicate Portion Studies (DPS), 4, 5, 10-11,12 in Sweden, Dutch total diet studies, EDI (Estimated Daily Intake), 209, EMDI (Estimated Maximum Daily Intake), 209, , 239 Energy intake, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 75 Erythrosin intake, 124 Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), 209, Estimated Maximum Daily Intake (EMDI), 209, , 239 Excess nutrient intake, 102 Exposure studies, international co-operation in, Fallout in Sweden, FASEB (Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology) Expert Panel, 45, 48, 49 Fats, energy from, 121 Fatty acid intake, FBS (food balance sheets), 24 FDA (Food and Drug Administration), Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) Expert Panel, 45, 48, 49 Fetal alcohol syndrome, 150 Fiber, dietary, Finnish heavy metal intake, Fish consumption, 214 Fish intake, 118 FOC (frequency of consumption), 48 Food, see also Dietary entries heavy metal concentration in, nutrients in, 119 pesticides in, 119 solid, in "food basket;' 193 trace elements in, 119 Food additive intake,

3 Index 255 Food additives, classified, 23 Codex Committee on, 91-93, 96 in Denmark, joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on, 90-93, Food allergies, 142 Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Food balance sheets (FBS), 24 Food Basket Study, see Market Basket Study Food composition data, 113 Food composition data banks, compiling, demand for, 112 uses of, III Food constituents, estimating human exposure to, see Human exposure to food constituents, estimating Food consumption in Italy, 36 in different geographical areas, 37 Food consumption data, 48 MRCA,208 quality of, Food consumption databases, Food consumption information, methods for obtaining, 3-7 methodological issues in, 6-7 refinement of, 5 table of, 4 unique features of, 4-5 Food consumption patterns, Food consumption surveys, 77-79, Food contaminants, Food diary, 4, 5, 77 Food disappearance method, 4 Food frequencies, 4-5 Food frequency questionnaire, Food intake, 175 actual versus potential, continuing survey of, 78 in Denmark, , household, household survey on, in Italy, 34 in Italy in different geographical areas, 35 per-capita daily, "true;' 6 "usual;' 6 Food items coding and grouping flow chart, 33 most commonly consumed, 10 Food-meal subscheme, 27, 43 Food monitoring system, 120 Food packaging statistics, 223 Food sampling, Frequency of consumption (FOC), 48 Fructose, 145 Galactose, Gallstones, 144, 146 GEMS (Global Environment Monitoring System)/Food, 93, 94 dietary intake studies coordinated by, exposure studies and, Glucose tolerance, impaired, 150 HEAL, (Human Exposure Assessment Location) project, 234 Heavy metal concentration in food, Heavy metal intake analytical quality control in studies of, evaluation of methods for measuring, Finnish, market basket studies in, Household/changes-buying habits subscheme, 27, 43 Household disappearance method, 4 Household food intake, Household-person/food-meal sub scheme, 27,44 Household-person/place sub scheme, 26, 41 Household survey on food and nutrient intakes in Italy, Human Exposure Assessment Location (HEAL) project, 234 Human exposure to food constituents, estimating, approaches considered for, steps for, 50

4 256 Index Human exposure to food constituents (cant.) utilizing food consumption data sources for, validating, Hypertriglyceridemia, 149 Hypocholesterolemia, 146 Hypoglycemia, 150 Inadequate nutrient intake, 102 INN (National Institute of Nutrition) study, Intake studies, see also Dietary entries aims of, 240 future trends and co-operation in, improving comparability of, new areas for, 249 International collaboration in development of methodology, International data exchange, International Programme on Chemical Safety (lpcs), 90 International Research and Development Corporation (IRDC) study, 86 IPCS (International Programme on Chemical Safety), 90 IRDC (International Research and Development Corporation) study, 86 Iron intake, 121, 168 Italy food consumption in, see Food consumption in Italy food intake in, see Food intake subentries National Institute of Nutrition study in, nutrient consumption in, 30, 38 nutrient intake in, see Nutrient intake subentries Japan, household food intake in, JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives), 90-93, 95-97, JMPR (Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues), 90, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA), 90-93, 95-97, Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR), 90, Lactose, Lead intake, 66-71,123, , 241 Limit of quantitation (LOQ), 63, 66 Linearized multistage model (LMS), 85 Linoleic acid, 143 Liver, bovine, see Bovine liver LMS (linearized multistage model), 85 LOQ (limit of quantitation), 63, 66 Macronutrient intake, 140 nutritional standards and, Macronutrients, MAFF (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food), Malnutrition, protein-calorie (PMC), Market Basket Study (MBS), 9-10, 11 beverages included in, 194 for determination of dietary intake of pollutants, of heavy metal intake, macronutrients in, 11 minerals and essential trace elements in, 12 National Food Consumption Survey and, radiocesium intake study with, solid foods included in, 193 Market Research Corporation of America (MRCA), Maximum residue levels (MRLs), 94-97, 205,206 MBS, see Market Basket Study Mercury intake, 68:'71,122, ,241 Metals, heavy, see Heavy metals Methodology, international collaboration in development of, MF (modifying factor), Micronutrients, 139 at risk in diet, 167

5 Index 257 Milk, PCBs, in, 128 Mineral intake, 162, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Modifying factor (MF), MRCA (Market Research Corporation of America), MRLs (maximum residue levels), 94-97, 205, 206 Multiple sclerosis, 144 Muscle meat, bovine, see Bovine muscle meat National Eating Trends (NET), 48 National Food Agency of Denmark, National Food Composition Survey (NFCS), 12, Market Basket Study and, National Food Survey (NFS), 222 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, see NHANES entries National Institute of Nutrition (INN) study, Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (NFCS), 5, 78 NET (National Eating Trends), 48 NEVO-table, NFCS, see National Food Composition Survey NFCS (Nationwide Food Consumption Survey), 5, 78 NFS (National Food Survey), 222 NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), 48 NHANES surveys, NHANES III (Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey), 5 Niacin intake, 161 NOAEL (no-observed adverse effect level), 83, 170 NutraSweet Company, 179 Nutrient composition, measured versus calculated, Nutrient data banks, see Food composition data banks Nutrient intake excess, 102 household survey on, inadequate, 102 in Italy, 30, 38 in Italy in different geographical areas, 32 Nutrients in food, 119 Nutritional standards, macronutrient intake and, Organochlorine pesticides, 134 Organophosphorus pesticides, 134 Osteoporosis, Packaging materials, Packaging statistics, food, 223 Participation coefficient, 28 PCBs, see Polychlorinated biphenyls PCDDs (polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins), 248 PCDFs (polychlorinated dibenzofurans), 248 PDIs (probable daily intakes), 170 Per-capita daily food intake, Peripheral neuropathy, alcoholic, 148 Person subscheme, 26-27, 42 Pesticide intake, Pesticide residues, joint FAO/WHO meeting on, 90, Total Diet Study and, in United States, Pesticides dietary exposure to, in food, 119 organochlorine, 134 organophosphorus, 134 in Total Diet Study, 188 Phenylketonuria (PKU), PMC (protein-calorie malnutrition), Pollutants, see also Contaminant intake dietary intake of, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), average daily intake of, 127 in daily milk, 128 Polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), 248 Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 248

6 258 Index Polypropylene, 225 Potato intake, 118 Probable daily intakes (PDIs), 171 Protein, amino acids and, excess, Protein-calorie malnutrition (PMC), Protein deficiency, Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWIs), 9, 61, 92-93, 218 Purchasing method, criticism of, described, validity of, QDC (quantitative daily consumption), 48 Quality assurance, Quantitative daily consumption (QDC), 48 Radiocesium intake from Chernobyl, RDAs, see Recommended Dietary Allowances Recipe calculation, 114 Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), 9, 16 comparing intakes with, 252 Reference Materials (RMs), Risk assessment carcinogen, for infants and children, toxicological, RIVM duplicate portion, 16, 17 RMs (Reference Materials), Safety factor (SF), 83 Sample banks, 249 Serotonin, 145 SF (safety factor), 83 Starches, Sucrose, 145 Sugars, Sulfamethazine, 206 Surveys dietary, food consumption, Sweden duplicate portion studies in, fallout in, TBA (trenbolone acetate), 206 TCDD equivalents, 248 Theoretical daily intakes (TDIs), 170 Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake (TMDI), 208, , 238 Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 5 "Threshold" dose, 82 TMDI (Theoretical Maximum Daily Intake), 208, , 238 Tooth decay, 145 Total Diet Studies (TDS), 9-17 Dutch, heavy metal intake and, pesticide residues and, pesticides in, 188 primary aim of, 16 types of, 9-11 United Kingdom, 215 validity of, 12 Toxicological risk assessment, Trace element intake, Trace elements in food, 119 Trenbolone acetate (TBA), 206 Tryptophan, 142 Tyrosine, 142 UK, see United Kindgom Uncertainty factor (UF), 83 United Kingdom (UK) Total Diet Study, 215 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 183 pesticide residues in, Universal Product Codes, 57 US, see United States Variability between-person, within-person, see Within-person variability

7 Index 259 Veterinary drug residues, Codes Committee on, 91, 95 dietary intake of, Vitamin A intake, 121 Vitamin intake, 163, Warm weather wave (WWW), Weighed/measured food intake, 4, 5 Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome, 148 Within-person variability between-person variability and, effects on distribution of values in population, effects on prevalence estimates, impact on design of national nutrition surveys, 107 importance of, replicate measures needed, WWW (Warm weather wave), Yellow 2G intake, 218 Zeranol,206 Zeranol residues in bovine liver, 211 in bovine muscle meat, 211