Clarifying the Controversies: The Science of Bisphenol A (BPA)

Transcription

1 Clarifying the Controversies: The Science of Bisphenol A (BPA) Tuesday, October 26, :00am-12:00pm ET Please be sure to dial in to hear the audio portion of the webinar! Dial: Access Code: #

2 International Food Information Council Foundation Mission: To effectively communicate science-based information on health, nutrition, and food safety for the public good. Primarily supported by the broad-based food, beverage and agricultural industries. Please dial in for the audio portion of the webinar. Dial: Access Code: #

3 Housekeeping Notes Please send all questions to: We will answer questions at the end of the web cast. You will receive an with the link to access the one hour CPE certificate approximately 2-3 hours after the webinar. This webinar will not be recorded; however, a PDF copy of most of the slides will be available on our resource page. A link to this page will be sent out 2-3 hours after the webinar. Please dial in for the audio portion of the webinar. Dial: Access Code: #

4 25 Years of Food Safety Issues Microbial contamination Chemical contaminants Animal Diseases Food Allergies Food Ingredients Food Technology Food Recalls Food Safety Education (consumer Seafood and Health Food Defense Economic Adulteration Food Packaging Imported Food Processed Foods Organics Natural Local Food Movement Raw Milk

5 How Are Consumer s Feeling? Food Safety in the News

6 Most Important Food Safety Issue Today What, in your opinion, is the most important food safety issue today?* [Select one] (n=1024) *Question asked since Food & Health Survey / Significant increase/decrease from year indicated

7 Today s Speakers Justin Teeguarden, PhD Bisphenol A Pharmacokinetics: Implications for Exposure Assessment Julie Jones, PhD, CNS, LN BPA: The Controversy and the Consumer George Gray, PhD Thinking About Risk Please dial in for the audio portion of the webinar. Dial: Access Code: #

8 Justin Teeguarden, Ph.D., D.A.B.T. Ph.D., Toxicology, University of Wisconsin (Madison) Senior Research Scientist, Biological Monitoring and Modeling Group, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA He has served as a vice president and president elect for the Dose Response Specialty Group of the Society of Risk Analysis. Please send all questions to: foodandhealth@ific.org

9 Julie Jones, Ph.D., C.N.S., L.N. Ph.D., Home Economics/Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Professor Emeritus, Department of Family, Consumer and Nutritional Sciences, St. Catherine University Scientific advisor for the Joint Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition (JIFSAN) for the University of Maryland and the US Food and Drug Administration Please send all questions to:

10 George Gray, Ph.D. Ph.D., School of Medicine and Dentistry, Toxicology, University of Rochester Professor, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, George Washington University Please send all questions to:

11 BPA: The Controversy and the Consumer Julie Jones, Ph.D., C.N.S., L.N.

12 Goals for this Part What are the issues? How should consumers deal with conflicting information? ESFA October 2010 no change in the recommendations Canada says it is no problem in June and says it is on the list of toxic substances in October. What is the intake data? Which foods are contributing to the intake? Only the dose makes the poison! Paracelcus 1503

13 Consumer Exposure through Food Packaging Polycarbonate plastic Hard, plastic reusable bottles Epoxy resins used in cans Fear of BPA effects has Created fear esp. among young Mothers Spawned a variety of BPA-free products

14 What Do We Know So Far European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) ESFA s role = risk assessment current safe intake levels for bisphenol A (BPA) should remain unchanged. Oct 2010 Tolerable daily intake - set in 2006reaffirmed 08, 10 Present tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.05mg/kg bodyweight should be maintained. decision of 19/20 prominent scientists Reviewed 800 studies over the course of 6 months

15 BPA and EFSA Rulings No convincing evidence of neurotoxicity even though calculations were based on worst-case scenario 2010 Oct CEF* panel no new evidence which would cause them to change their mind Studies which indicate problems with BPA have many scientific shortcomings Used injected levels of BPA, no dose response, high variability, data treatment concerns Doses many times higher than *Contact materials, Enzymes, Flavourings and processing aids

16 EFSA 1 Dissenting Member 1 of the 20 EFSA members - minority report Agreed that there was not evidence to justify lowering the TDA but he was concerned about the uncertainties and so felt the TDI should be temporary

17 FDA EFSA 2010 Jan 2010 FDA/ ESFA/ Medical Research Council Human Reproductive Sciences Unit Chemical is safe at current levels of exposure Level is too low to cause a problem Scottish Professor Richard Sharpe Univ Edinborough Specialist in environmental and nutritional factors and reproductive disorders But he said: For certain, I see no role for estrogenic effects on BPA in human disease. If BPA should have any effects it must be via some non-hormonal mechanism. BPA from food contact material does not represent a risk But advised certain groups to curb exposure

18 Stump data Denmark/ Canada Uncertain effects on learning ability BUT Rat studies with high variability in the results and some methodology issues Canada - concerns regarding the link between the chemical and neurodevelopmental and behavioral effects in rodents and said it was considered appropriate to apply a precautionary approach when characterizing risk to human health.

19 Germany German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) Aug 2010 two major studies do not show the chemical is hazardous. studies by Stump et al and Ryan et al provided no indications for adverse health effects on neurological development and behavior. Yet - the German environment agency asked industry and consumers to find bisphenol A (BPA)

20 Health Canada BPA in Canned Food BPA nearly all the 78 canned products tested Canned tuna products Highest Average 137 ng/g Max 534 ng/g Canned soups - 2 nd Condensed soups Ave levels 52 ng/g (Max94 ng/g) RTE 15 ng/g Max 34 ng/g Cao XL, Corriveau J, Popovic S. J Food Prot. 2010;73:

21 Health Canada BPA in Canned Food Tomato paste 1.1 ng/g (Max 2.1 ng/g) Tomato products 9.3 ng/g (23 ng/g) Average findings of BPA in the canned food products were consistent with those of past surveys and were not considered to represent a human health concern.

22 Health Canada June 2010 The results of this survey confirm that exposure to BPA from canned food products is very low and poses no health or safety concerns to the general population, said Health Canada.

23 BPA Needed for Food Safety BPA-based epoxy linings are a vital food safety tool No fully tested alternative had yet been found. Swiss Ministry of Health, Bundesamt für Gesundheit, : A ban on BPA would inevitably cause manufacturers of packaging and consumer products (food contact materials) to have to switch to other substances, the toxicity of which is less well known. This would mean a well characterised risk would be replaced with a conspicuously unpredictable risk.

24 Transfer from Baby Bottles Infants fed with PC baby bottles Transfer of BPA Worst-case scenario dose calculated to be 0.8 microg/kg(bw)/d Far below the tolerable daily intake of 50 microg/kg(bw)/d. Von Goetz et al Risk Anal Mar;30(3):473-87

25 Australia / New Zealand Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) concluded levels of intake of BPA or plasticisers are very low and do not pose a risk to babies health,

26 Canada 91% of Canadians 6-79 yr test positive for BPA in the urine Means that the substance is detectable Differed from the EFSA findings Testing positive and having concerning levels are not always the same.

27 A Word about Dose Rats do not deal with BPA the way that humans do. Rodents are very sensitive to estrogens (BPA is a derivative form of an estrogen) The National Toxicology Program (NPT) found that the average amount of BPA found within a single can was approximately 57 μg/1 The consumption threshold to elicit any profound impact, an individual would need to consume 50 mg/kg bw/day; equivalent to the amount of BPA found in 14 million cans of food or beverage.

28 A Word about Dose If 100's or 1000's parts per billion of an endocrine disruptor were "an actual health hazard, then nobody should be eating wheat germ or soy products, which contain significant amounts of phytoestrogens that are much stronger estrogen disruptors than BPA. And the same with bioflavanoids found in many fruits.

29 Canada BPA Toxic Oct 2010 Canada said it was considered appropriate to apply a precautionary approach when characterizing risk to human health. Therefore, it was concluded that bisphenol A should be considered as a substance that may be entering the environment in a quantity or concentration or under conditions that constitute or may constitute a danger in Canada to human life or health, said the government order.

30 Two In Vitro Studies: Vitamins and BPA Supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has been proposed to reduce the risk of preeclampsia and perinatal complications. Study investigated high levels of antioxidants vitamins C and E on human placental cells in vitro. High levels of vitamins C and E, separately or combined, production of TNF-alpha. Aris et al J Obstet Gynaecol Res Aug;34(4):

31 In Vitro BPA and Placental Cells Human placenta cells exposed to low doses of BPA for 24 h very low doses of BPA induce apoptosis significantly the tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) Benachour N, Aris A. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol Dec 15;241(3):322-8.

32 Diabetes and MetS Of mice and men Sharpe and Drake Bisphenol A and Metabolic Syndrome Endocrinology.2010; 151: Alonso-Magdalena P, Morimoto S, Ripoll C, Fuentes E, Nadal A. The estrogenic effect of bisphenol A disrupts pancreatic betacell function in vivo and induces insulin resistance. Environ Health Perspect Jan;114(1): Mouse study Sakurai K, Kawazuma M, Adachi T, Harigaya T, Saito Y, Hashimoto N, Mori C. Bisphenol A affects glucose transport in mouse 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Br J Pharmacol Jan;141(2):

33 Links to MetS and Diabetes Links associated with heart disease and diabetes BPA is associated; Not a proven cause Much work in mice Likely the result of particular diets, not BPA itself. Much higher level of BPA in African-Americans, obese people, and lower income people In fact, a followup study published by the same authors failed to find any statistical link to diabetes.

34 BPA and Metabolic Syndrome Proven ways to reduce the risk of Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome Exercise and Eat according to the Pyramid 4 c of a variety of fruits and vegetables, prepared in a variety of ways including fresh, frozen, dried, canned Eat 6 sv. of grain with emphasis on whole grains Choose 3 sv. of low fat dairy Choose nuts and legumes Use salt sparingly Avoid excess calories and saturated fats Maintain normal weight

35 Paracelsus, - the Father of Toxicology Alle Ding' sind Gift, und nichts ohn' Gift; allein die Dosis macht, daß ein Ding kein Gift ist. "All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous." The dose makes the poison."

36 What We Know for Sure It ain't what you don't know that gets you into trouble. It's what you know for sure that just ain't so. ~Mark Twain 36

37 Thinking About Risk George Gray Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Center for Risk Science and Public Health George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services

38 What is Your Perception? Q Which causes more annual deaths in America? Asbestos Food-borne illness A NIOSH estimates ~10,000 deaths from asbestosis, mesothelioma, and lung cancer related to asbestos. CDC estimates 76 million illnesses and 5000 deaths from food-borne illness

39 What is Your Perception? Q Which has caused more cancer deaths in the last 50 years? Nuclear Radiation The Sun A Each year, just in the US, there are 1.3 million cases of skin cancer, almost all from the sun. 7,800 people die of melanoma each year. In 60 years since Hiroshima and Nagasaki about 500 cancer deaths. No other radiation release is linked to increased cancer deaths, including TMI and Chernobyl (although up to 4000 predicted by WHO)

40 What is Your Perception? Q Which is responsible for a greater proportion of human cancer? Alcohol consumption Environmental pollution A The Harvard Center for Cancer Prevention suggests alcohol responsible for 3% of human cancer versus 2% for pollution

41 Why Are Some of These Surprising? We filter information through risk perception filters So do our media sources of information

42 The Classic Perceived-Risk Model Familiarity Low Public Outrage Dread Low High Source: Slovic (1987) High

43 What Influences Dread? Fatal Global Impact Involuntary Uncontrollable Unfair Catastrophic Future Generations Increasing Not Easily Reduced Not Fatal Not Global Impact Voluntary Controllable Fair Individuals Only Current Generation Decreasing Easily Reduced

44 What Influences Familiarity? Observable Known to Exposed Immediate Effect Old Risk Known to Science Not Observable Unknown to Exposed Delayed Effect New Risk Unknown to Science

45 Other Factors Man-Made Children at Risk Untrustworthy Institutions Media Focus Identifiable Victims No Obvious Benefits Suppressed Data Natural Only Adults at Risk Trustworthy Institutions Media Neglect Statistical Victims Clear Benefits Accessible Data

46 Where Does BPA Fit In? Increase Perceived Risk Lack of Control Man-made New risk Could Affect Me No Obvious Benefits Very Uncertain Media Attention Decrease Perceived Risk Control Natural Familiar Risk Happens to Others Clear Benefits Known to Science Media Neglect How does this compare to Acrylamide in Food or Cell Phone Use?

47 Thinking About Risk Recognize how our brains work Try to put risk into perspective Mind the risk perception gap Personal decisions Society s decisions

48 Questions and Answers Please send all questions to:

49 Final Thoughts... Emerging science should be evaluated from both sides of the debate The rigor of the scientific study will speak for itself We as educators, health professionals should try to keep focus on issues that actually impact food safety and public health Put the risk in perspective Recognize and acknowledge public concerns when it comes to food safety, outreach and education about BPA and other controversial issues that will arise This will help us all be better communicators on any issue

50 For More Information IFIC Foundation Resource Page on BPA Opportunity_Clarifying_the_Controversies_The_Science_of_Bisphenol_ A_BPA_ U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) statement European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) statement

51 Thank you! Special thanks to our experts Justin Teeguarden Julie Jones George Gray Special thanks to the IFIC Team Katie Burns And to You for participating in today s Webinar As a reminder, an will be sent to you approximately 2-3 hours after the webinar with a link to download the certificate for one (1) hour of CPE credit. This will also provide a link to more resources on Bisphenol A.

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