Women by area: Rural F Women by region: Banteay Mean Chey F

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1 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration Last Updated: Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Age Sample Prevalence (%) (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l) N National: Women: Total F Women by age F Women by age F Women by age F Women by age F Women by area: Urban F Women by area: Rural F Women by region: Banteay Mean Chey F Women by region: Kampong Cham F Women by region: Kampong Chhnang F Women by region: Kampong Speu F Women by region: Kampong Thom F Women by region: Kandal F Women by region: Kratie F Women by region: Phnom Penh F Women by region: Prey Veng F Women by region: Pursat F Women by region: Siem Reap F Women by region: Svay Rieng F Women by region: Takeo F Women by region: Otar Mean Chey F Women by region: Battambang/Krong Pailin F Women by region: Kampot/Krong Kep F Women by region: Krong Preah Sihanouk/Kaoh Kro F Women by region: Preah Vihear/Steung Treng F Women by region: Mondol Kiri/Rattanak Kiri F Mean SD Reference Notes General Line N 2000 National: Women: Total F Women by area: Urban F Women by area: Rural F Women by province: Banteay Menchey F Women by province: Bat Dambang, Krong Pailin K F Women by province: Kampong Cham F Women by province: Kampong Chhnang F Women by province: Kampong Spueu F Women by province: Kampong Thum F Women by province: Kandal F Women by province: Kaoh Kong F

2 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration Last Updated: Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l) Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex Age Sample Prevalence (%) (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN Mean SD Reference Notes General Line N 2000 Women by province: Kracheh F Women by province: Krong Preah Sihanouk, Preah F Women by province: Mondol Kiri and Rotanak Kiri F Women by province: Phnom Penh F Women by province: Pousat F Women by province: Prey Veacug F Women by province: Siem Reab and Otdar Mean C F Women by province: Svay Rieng F Women by province: Takaev F N 2000 National: NPW: Total F NS NPW by province: Battambang F NS NPW by province: Kampong Cham F NS NPW by province: Kampong Thom F NS NPW by province: Kampot F NS NPW by province: Kandal F NS NPW by province: Koh Kong F NS NPW by province: Otar Meanchey F NS NPW by province: Preah Vihear F NS NPW by province: Rattanakiri F NS NPW by province: Svay Rieng F NS NR 2000 National: Pre-SAC: Total B Pre-SAC by province: Battambang B Pre-SAC by province: Kampong Cham B Pre-SAC by province: Kampong Thom B Pre-SAC by province: Kampot B Pre-SAC by province: Kandal B Pre-SAC by province: Koh Kong B Pre-SAC by province: Otar Meanchey B Pre-SAC by province: Preah Vihear B Pre-SAC by province: Rattanakiri B Pre-SAC by province: Svay Rieng B N 2000 National: Pre-SAC: Total B S districts: Pre-SAC B districts: PW F NS

3 Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration Last Updated: Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%) Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l) Level Date Location and sample descriptor Sex Age Sample Prevalence (%) (years) size Current Previous X1B X2 X3A X3B XS <0.35 <0.70 < 1.05 XN XN Mean SD Reference Notes General Line S districts: NPW F NS R 1998 CASD Project and WFP target areas: Pre-SAC: Tot B CASD Project and WFP target areas: Women: Tota F NS Pre-SAC by area: CASD B Pre-SAC by area: WFP B Women by area: CASD F NS Women by area: WFP F NS S provinces: Pre-SAC: Total B Pre-SAC by province: Koh Kong B Pre-SAC by province: Kompong Thom B Pre-SAC by province: Phnom Penh B Pre-SAC by province: Rattanakiri B Pre-SAC by province: Takeo B

4 NOTES Reference No: 5646 General notes: Two-stage PPS cluster sampling, stratified by area of residence (urban/rural). Nationally representative sample of 14, 243 households from 557 clusters, providing estimates for all 24 provinces. Previous XN is XN during the most recent pregnancy in the five years preceding the survey. Women's age is age at the time of delivery of index pregnancy. Note 1 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.2% Note 2 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.8% Note 3 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.0% Note 4 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.1% Note 5 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 3.9% Note 6 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.3% Note 7 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.4% Note 8 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.8% Note 9 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 3.8% Note 10 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.8% Note 11 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.0% Note 12 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 4.7% Note 13 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.1% Note 14 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.9% Note 15 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.7% Note 16 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 4.0% Note 17 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.2% Note 18 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.6% Note 19 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.6% Note 20 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.5% Note 21 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.9% Note 22 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.0% Note 23 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.6% Note 24 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.1% Note 25 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 4.8% Note 26 XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.2% Reference No: 3206 General notes: Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling. Previous XN is XN during most recent pregnancy, ending in live birth, during the last 5 years preceding survey. Note that the prevalence data could be overestimated because some mothers reported vision difficulties in the daytime so may not be suffering from VAD-related XN. Reference No: 4127 General notes: Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling. Sample comprised NPW of childbearing age. About 70% of women were breasfeeding. Local term for night blindness used (kwak moin). Same survey reported in reference No Note 27 Population-weighted prevalence.

5 NOTES Reference No: 5021 General notes: Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling. Sample comprised of households from 10 rural provinces. Local term for night blindness used (kwak moin). Same survey reported in reference No Note 28 Population-weighted prevalence. Reference No: 5761 General notes: Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling. Serum retinol measured in subsample of children. Present report provides data on 359 of the approximate total 2000 children that serum was collected from. Same survey reported in reference No Reference No: 4121 General notes: Survey covered Takeo, Lratie, Steung Treng, Seim Reap and Kampong Thom districts. No sampling description. Reference No: 4208 General notes: Multi-stage random sampling. Sample selected from 125 villages in 13 provinces. Baseline survey for UNICEF Community Action for Social Development (CASD) Program. WFP target areas served as control villages. Follow-up surveys reported in references No and Local term for night blindness existed (kwak moin). Previous XN is XN during last pregnancy. Reference No: 173 General notes: Multi-stage cluster sampling. 5 survey areas selected to obtain approximate regional representation of country: Takeo (southern, dry flat region), Rattanakiri (northeastern mountainous region), Koh Kong (western seacoast and forest region), Kompong Thom (north/central region), Phnom Penh (urban area). Local terms for night blindness used (kwack moin and lo'nget moin).

6 R E F E R E N C E S Reference 173 Reference 3206 Reference 4121 Reference 4127 Reference 4208 Reference 5021 Reference 5646 Reference 5761 Feldon K et al. Preliminary results of HKI/MOH vitamin A deficiency surveys Ministry of Health, Ministry of Planning, National Institute of Statistics, ORC Macro. Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey Phnom Penh, Ministry of Health, Helen Keller International, Institute of Public Health, Bangladesh. Vitamin A capsule distribution after the NIDs - lessons learned from Cambodia. HKI Cambodia Nutrition Bulletin, 2000, 1 Semba RD, de Pee S, Panagides D, Poly O, Bloem MW. Risk factors for nightblindness among women of childbearing age in Cambodia. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2003, 57 : Kenefick E. Report on the Cambodian 1998 Joint UNICEF-WFP Baseline Survey of CASD Project and WFP target areas. Phnom Penh, World Food Programme/United Nations Children's Fund, Semba RD, de Pee S, Panagides D, Poly O, Bloem MW. Risk factors for xerophthalmia among mothers and their children and for mother-child pairs with xerophthalmia in Cambodia. Archives of Ophthalmology, 2004, 122 : National Institute of Public Health, National Institute of Statistics, MEASURE DHS ORC Macro. Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey Calverton, MD, MEASURE DHS ORC Macro, Hix J, Rasca P, Morgan J, Denna S, Panagides D, Tam M, Shankar AH. Validation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay for the quantitation of retinol-binding protein to assess vitamin A status within populations. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2006, 60 :

7 Reference 3250 Reference 3261 Reference 3262 Reference 4053 Reference 4209 Reference 4210 Reference 5364 Cavalli-sforza LT. Nutrition and food Safety activities in Cambodia [mission report] ADDITIONAL REFERENCES Helen Keller International [Cambodia]. Initial findings from the 2000 Cambodia National Micronutrient Survey. Phnom Penh, Helen Keller International, Ralte A, Cohen N. Vitamin A deficiency in Cambodia including information on eye disease and immunization FAO. FAO - nutrition country profiles - Cambodia. Rome, Food and Agriculture Organization, Kenefick E. UNICEF follow-up survey of households in CASD villages, May-June Phnom Penh, United Nations Children's Fund [Cambodia], Johnston R. Seth Koma Follow-up Survey Phnom Penh, United Nations Children's Fund [Cambodia], Poly O. The micronutrient-deficiency control program in Cambodia. Paper presented at a workshop on "Successful Micronutrient Programs" held at the International Union of Nutritional Sciences. Vienna, 2001.

CAMBODIA. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)

CAMBODIA. Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS) WHO Global Database on Anaemia The database on Anaemia includes data by country on prevalence of anaemia and mean haemoglobin concentration Last