EXPOSURE OF THE BELGIAN CONSUMER TO CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS AND

Transcription

1 EXPOSURE OF THE BELGIAN CONSUMER TO CHEMICAL CONTAMINANTS AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES Greet Schoeters Brussels, 24 November /11/2017 VITO Not for distribution 1

2 CHEMICALS IN FOOD Synthetic chemicals can enter into food Intentionally: additives Unintentionally : contaminants 30/11/2017 VITO Not for distribution 2

3 MULTIPLE SOURCES/ MULTIPLE PATHWAYS Parabenes D. Bledzka et al. Env. Int, 67,

4 CHEMICALS AND HUMAN BIOMONITORING Human biomonitoring measures chemicals, their metabolites or reaction products in human tissues BIOMONITORING MAKES POLLUTION PERSONAL 30/11/2017 Dose=f (C environment, behaviour, kinetics, personal characteristics) VITO Not for distribution 4

5 THE FLEMISH HUMAN BIOMONITORING PROGRAM (FLEHS) epidemiologie communicatie VITO PIH VUB UG KUL UH UA coordinatie veldwerk toxicologie voeding Financed by the Flemish Dept. of Science and Innovation, Nature and Energy and the Agency for Care and Health (FLEHS I, II, III), and by the Department of Environment (FLEHS IV)

6 FLEHS Reference values Puberty development Asthma & allergy Growth & Development Asthma & allergy Socio economic status Cancer risk Asthma and allergy Exposure and effect bio markers ( blood, urine, hair) Health outcomes: weight, height, birth parameters, clinical examinations at school, questionnaires ( asthma, allergy (ISAAC), strenghts and difficulties, (SDQ), Child behaviour check list, NES tests Exposure related research: air pollutant modelling, dietary POPs intake Biomarker development: transcriptomics, epigenetics ( cord and saliva)

7 FLEMISH ENVIRONMENT & HEALTH SURVEY 15 years of follow up of general population 3 hot spots More than 5500 participants samples stored in biobank More than 50 biomarkers of exposure and effects POPs, heavy metals, organophosphates, pyrethroids, phthalates, musks, perfluorinated compouds, glyphosate, Structured policy translation process

8 TIME TRENDS IN ADOLESCENTS (GEOMETRIC MEANS AND 95%CI) POPs METALS Pb PAHs benzene 8

9 TIME TRENDS IN NEWBORN CORD SAMPLES (GEOMETRIC MEANS + 95% CI) Arsenic in µg/l adjusted for age and smoking mother 2008 PFOA in µg/l 2013 PFOS in µg/l adjusted for age and BMI mother

10 TOBACCO SMOKE AND PAH LEVELS IN ADOLESCENTS FLEHS III

11 FLEHS II ADOLESCENTS : DDE EXPOSURE DETERMINANTS IN ADOLESCENTS FLEHS III

12 DETERMINANTS OF PERSONAL EXPOSURE PRODUCTS IN ADOLESCENTS (FLEHS II) Musks, triclosan, parabens: significantly related to use of personal care products (questionnaires) Musks, triclosan: girls > boys ( questionnaires) Musks: ASO > TSO > BSO ( questionnaires) Parabens: students > adults

13 LINKING HBM TO SOURCES: LIFE STYLE FACTORS Life style as a vector for pollution: E.g. nutrition, consumer products, indoor air, FLEHS II, 2009

14 DETERMINANTS OF EXPOSURE (FLEHS III) 4 POP concentratie in serum (ng/g vet) p=0,01 < 1 ei / week (n=148) 1 ei / week (n=134) > 1 ei / week (n=118) p=0,01 p=0,02 p=0,22 0 HCB TN OXC HCH POP concentratie in serum (ng/g vet) p=0,002 p=0,01 PCB's p,p'-dde compost

15 METALS IN FOOD BIOMONITORING RESULTS Exposures Cadmium Lead Manganese Copper Thallium Nickel Arsenic Mercury Food: specific sources: fish Food: specific sources: vegetables, fruit, rice, grain a b Newborns* Adolescents** Adolescents* Adults* Adolescents* Adults* Adults* Newborns* Adolescents* Adolescents** Adolescents** Adults** Adolescents** e, f Adolescents** e, f Adolescents** Adolescents** f Adolescents* Adults** d, f e, e f Adolescents$ Adolescents$ Food: leafy vegetables Food: specific sources: local vegetables Food: Specific sources: crustaceans f Food: Specific sources: chocolat Food: Canned food *: measurement in blood **: measurement in urine $ : measured in hair a: legumes; b: nuts and seeds; c: MMA; d:dma; e:toxicologically relevant arsenic (TRA); f: total arsenic FLEHS 1 FLEHS 2 FLEHS 3 Genk Zuid Menen1 15 Significant associations(p<0.05)

16 ORGANOCHLORINES IN FOOD Exposure Sum PCBs P,p -DDE HCB Oxyc hlord ane Transnonachl ore Linda ne PFAS FLEHS 1 Newborns Newborns Adolescents Adolescents Adults Newborns Newbirns Adolescents Adolescents Adults Newborns Adolescents Adolescents Adolescents Adults Newborns Adolescents Newborns Adolescents Adults Newborns Adolescents Newborns Adolescents Adults Adults Food: specific sources: fish Food: specific sources : animal fat Food: specific sources: vegetables, fruit, rice, grain Food: specific sources: eggs i Food: specific sources : milk and milk products Food: specific sources: offal hi Food: self caught fish Food: specific sources: local food FLEHS 2 FLEHS 3 Menen1 Genk Zuid Food: specific sources: local vegetables g g Food: specific sources: local eggs Food: specific sources: well water g g g g Food: specific sources: potatoes j Food: 16 Mediterranean diet Food: Specific sources: crustaceans i

17 Flemish center of expertise on E&H: FLEHS IV FLEHS IV Human biomonitoring: internal exposure to environmental substances & Effects on health Green spaces Ecobehavior Changing environment built environment proximity to green proximity to blue organic food home grown food (city gardening) Emerging chemicals ventilation aeration eco-friendly materials 17

18 LINKAGE TO HEALTH Residence in hot spot area has an effect on health? Health impact? Proportion of participants : Above health based guidance value? Above clinical reference? Genk vs. Vlaanderen

19 HEAVY METALS AND HEALTH IMPACT: COMPARISON WITH GUIDELINES Blood lead: All participants < WHO guideline (100 µg/l) Urinary cadmium: HBM I = 0.5 µg/l no expected health damage Above HBM I: 19.6% in Genk-Zuid vs. 11.4% in Flanders (p=0.054) Toxic arsenic in urine: Biomonitoring Equivalent = 6.4 µg/l Above BE: 64.5% in Genk-Zuid vs. 33.8% in Flanders (p=0.01)

20 HBM: LINKING ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE TO HEALTH EFFECTS environmental monitoring biomarkers of exposure biomarkers of effects health effects air air dust serum PCBs hormone levels growth puberty food urinary triclosan birth weight IQ water serum PBDEs DNA damage behaviour consumer products soil soil p,p -DDE in milk fat 20 gene expression asthma cancer

21 META-ANALYSIS EHP SINGLE POLLUTANT MODELS Association PCB 153 (ng/l) with birth weight Govarts et al. 2012, EHP 21

22 HBM4EU: BUILDING ON EXISTING KNOWLEDGE Timeframe and budget: 5 years ( ) European Joint Programme under Horizon 2020 Total budget: 74 million 28 countries and the European Environment Agency: 24 EU Member States 3 associated countries (Iceland, Israel, Norway) Switzerland Coordinated by the German Environment Agency (UBA) 06th Sept

23 Harmonised collection and assessment of data Answer open policy relevant questions as defined by EU Services and partner countries Give policy makers a fast and easy access to results and data Guide policy makers for translating results into policy actions 23

24 WP3: Internal Calls WP17: Ethics Requirements WP2: Knowledge Hub WP1: Programme management and coordination Scientific and Administrative Management 24

25 ANSWER POLICY RELEVANT QUESTIONS: INVOLVEMENT OF POL MAKERS ENV chemicals legislation (e.g. REACH), air/water pollution, noise SANTE food contaminant, pesticides, biocides, EDs JRC scientific and technical support EU level RTD R&I framework programme EMPL worker safety, exposure to chemicals GROW product safety, cosmetics, REACH ECHA REACH regulation National hubs Ministries/ Policy Leads in Environment and Human Health Research institutes: National Expertise Stakeholders: Citizens National NGOS, Industry representatives EEA environment data, information, assessment EFSA risk assessment for food and feed HBM4EU Partner 25

26 PRIORITY SUBSTANCES TO START WITH IN THE 1ST YEAR 26

27 STUDY DESIGN Collecting European data from past and ongoing studies Design new targeted studies to fill in the data gaps European representative data Specific age groups Sex From different EU regions: North, South, East, Ouest From high and low population density areas Represent different socio-economic classes Data analysis at EU level date 27

28 HBM4EU- AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH From the start: - inclusion of policy makers on national and EU level - focus on communication and sustainabilty Building a European network and strengthening co-ordination in partner countries Use of existing data and generation of new data to answer question relevant for environment and health Fast and transparent access - to deliverables, SOPs, results via Knowledge Hub -to data via IPCheM

29 Thank you JURGEN BUKERS, ANN COLLES FLEHS COLLEAGUES The FLEHS studies are commissioned, financed, and steered by the Ministries of Environment, Health, Science and Innovation of the Flemish Community. Coordinated by VITO, 29 Voettekst invulling European joint program funded under H Coordinated by UBA Co-coordinated by VITO