ISHRANOM DO ZDRAVLJA U 21. VEKU NUTRITION TO HEALTH IN 21 st CENTURY

Transcription

1 DRUŠTVO ZA ISHRANU SRBIJE SERBIAN NUTRITION SOCIETY 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation ISHRANOM DO ZDRAVLJA U 21. VEKU NUTRITION TO HEALTH IN 21 st CENTURY IZVODI RADOVA BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Hotel «M», Bulevar Oslobođenja 56a Beograd, 31. oktobar 3. novembar godine Belgrade, October 31 st November 3 rd 2012

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3 DRUŠTVO ZA ISHRANU SRBIJE SERBIAN NUTRITION SOCIETY 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation ISHRANOM DO ZDRAVLJA U 21. VEKU NUTRITION TO HEALTH IN 21 st CENTURY IZVODI RADOVA BOOK OF ABSTRACTS Hotel «M», Bulevar Oslobođenja 56a Beograd, 31. oktobar 3. novembar godine Belgrade, October 31 st November 3 rd 2012

4 Organizator kongresa / Congress Organizer Društvo za ishranu Srbije Predsednik kongresa / Congress President Slađana Šobajić Naučni odbor / Scientific Address Dragojlo Obradović, predsednik / President Andrija Šrek Aurelija Spirić Bato Korać Draga Plećaš Dušica Stojanović Ida Leskošek-Čukalović Ilija Vuković Ivan Stanković Ivanka Gajić Jovanka Popov-Raljić Ljiljana Trajković-Pavlović Marija Glibetić Nedeljko Radlović Petrica Ružić Slavica Šiler-Marinković Spasenija Milanović Vera Katić Viktor Nedović Organizacioni odbor / Orginizing Committee Petrica Ružić, predsednik / President Brižita Đorđević Ljiljana Torović Miomir Nikšić Predrag Vukosavljević Slavica Rađen Suzana Dimitrijević-Branković Zoran Pavlović Zorica Basić

5 Počasni odbor/ Committee of Honours dr Elizabeta Monarov prof. emeritus Ivanka Miletić prof. Marija Mirosavljev prof. Marija Pecelj-Gec prof. Milan Mirić prof. Živka Kostić Sekretarijat Kongresa / Congress Secretariat Dragana Balać Milica Zrnić Saša Despotović

6 Skraćenice i oznake sekcija / Abbreviations PP SP UP P Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations Sekcijska predavanja / Invited presentations Usmene prezetacije / Oral presentations Poster prezetacije / Poster presentations Sekcija Ishrana i zdravlje stanovništva u periodu sprovođenja milenijumskih ciljeva / Session Nutrition, Population Health and Millenium Goals Sekcija Savremeni trendovi i novi prehrambeni proizvodi u prehrambenoj industriji / Session Modern Trends in Food Industry and New Food Products 03 Sekcija Dijetetski proizvodi / Session Dietary Products 04 Sekcija Ishrana različitih populacionih grupa / Session Nutrition of Specific Population Groups 05 Sekcija Posebne nutritivne potrebe / Session Special Dietary Needs 06 Sekcija Trendovi savremene ishrane u kolektivnoj ishrani, ugostiteljstvu i hotelijerstvu / Session Trends in Community Nutrition and Catering Industry 07 Sekcija Ishrana sportista / Session Sport Nutrition 08 Sekcija Antioksidansi u aterosklerozi i koži / Session Antioxidants in Atherosclerosis and in skin 09 Sekcija Antioksidanti u metaboličkim poremećajima / Session Antioxidants in Metabolic Diseases 10 Sekcija Voda i hrana / Session Water and food 11 Sekcija Sastav i kvalitet namirnica / Session Food Composition and Quality 12 Sekcija Zdravstvena ispravnost namirnica / Session Food Safety Okrugli sto - Javnozdravstveni značaj pravilnog obeležavanja hrane: OS1 nutritivne i zdravstvene izjave / Round table Public Health Significance of Food Labelling: Nutrition ond Health Claims 0S2 Okrugli sto - Evropski projekti iz oblasti hrane i ishrane iz vizure srpske nauke / Round table European Projects and Serbian Science 0S3 Okrugli sto - Izazovi bezglutenske ishrane / Round table Chalenges of Gluten-free Diet 0S4 Okrugli sto - Anoreksija nervoza / Round table Anorexia Nervosa 0S5 Okrugli sto - Zaštita dojenja - od slova zakona do kruga podrške / Round table Breastfeeding Support- from the Legislative to the Circles of Support R Radionica Centra za sportsku ishranu i suplementaciju / Center for Sport Nutrition and Supplementation Workshop

7 PLENARNA PREDAVANJA PLENARY PRESENTATIONS

8 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation PP.01 NUTRIGENOMICS STUDIES REVEAL THAT POLYPHENOLS INHIBIT ATHEROSCLEROSIS DEVELOPMENT BY AFFECTING EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED IN EARLY STAGES OF DISEASE DEVELOPMENT D. Milenkovic, A. Mazur and C. Morand INRA, Centre Clermont-Ferrand - Theix, UMR1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, St Genès Champanelle, France Animal studies revealed that polyphenols are able to prevent the progression of atherosclerosis. Several authors have shown that these effects are independent of their antioxidant capacity or to changes in blood lipids, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved. Recent studies suggest that polyphenols may act at the genomic level by modulating the expression of genes. The aim of the present work is to explore these molecular mechanisms in both apolipoprotein E deficient mice and C57BL6/J mice fed a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Mice were fed for 16 weeks a diet supplemented with one of the following polyphenols: catechin, bilberry anthocyanins, naringin or curcumin. The progression of the lesions was estimated by measuring lipid deposition in the aortic root. A significant decrease in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions was observed for the four polyphenols studied. The anti-atherogenic effects were independent from changes in lipid parameters or antioxidant capacity of plasma. Nutrigenomic studies of aorta using pangenomic oligonucleotides have been carried out. Bioinformatic analyses of identified differentially expressed genes revealed that polyphenols modified the expression of a few hundreds genes implicated in cell signalling, cellular functions and metabolic processes. A cluster of common pathways related to cellcell adhesion, cell junctions, focal adhesion, and cell cytoskeleton has been identified for these polyphenols. These cellular functions control transendothelial migration of monocytes into the intima of blood vessels, the initial step of atherosclerosis development. In agreement with this hypothesis, we have observed a reduction in macrophage number in atherosclerotic lesions, as measured by immunohistochemistry, and, in vitro, a lower adhesion of monocytes to TNFα-stimulated endothelial 8

9 Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations cells after exposure to a nutritionally achievable concentration of metabolites. Overall, this study shows that dietary polyphenols attenuate lipid deposition in the aortic root of mice possibly by modulating the expression of genes involved in adhesion and transendothelial migration. Key words: polyphenols, nutrigenomics, atherosclerosis 9

10 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation PP.02 ETHICS IN FOOD SUPPLY CHAIN Peter RASPOR Chair of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food safety, Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia e mail: peter. raspor@bf.uni-lj.si Food science, technology and nutrition belong to applied sciences dealing with practical attitude of food production, preservation; distribution and nutrition are all along the food supply chain from food producer to food consumer daily faced with risks and challenges how supply humans with enough (security) healthy (safety) foods. Food production, processing, storage and distribution all face profound changes in last decades because of forced globalisation, extension of shelf live of food products on one side and peculiar demands of consumers (read marketing departments along food supply chain which are focused on creation of new needs). Understanding food holistically, what means understanding food production distribution, and consumption in nutritional view not just logistically, is not strong issue of current human. Consequently a manipulation with quality and safety terms along the food chain has various dimensions. In the food safety program we should be able to identify all hazards, analyze them, evaluate the likelihood of their occurrence and identify measures for their control. Being food professional is a challenge to analyze, processes and preserve food along food supply chain, but also to understand how good practices are implemented in food supply chain, where food microbiology and food microbiologists is actively involved in food safety management from producer to consumer. And this is something which opens dimension of ethics all along food supply chain. Selection of some relevant references: 1. RASPOR, Peter. Total food chain safety: how good practices can contribute?. Trends food sci. technol., 2008, vol. 19, str RASPOR, Peter, JEVŠNIK, Mojca. Good nutritional practice from producer to consumer. Crit. rev. food sci. nutr., 2008, vol. 48, 10

11 Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations no. 3, str , 3. PLAHUTA, Primož, RASPOR, Peter. Comparative analysis of GMO plant foods current state and trends. International journal of food science, technology & nutrition, 2009, vol. 2, no. 2, str RASPOR, Peter. The European declaration on food, technology and nutrition: editorial. Acta aliment. (Bp.), 2009, vol. 38, no. 1, str

12 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation PP.03 OPTEREĆENOST DRUŠTVA BOLESTIMA I ISHRANA Sandra Šipetić-Grujičić Institut ѕa epidemiologiju, Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Srbija Ishrana je važan faktor u promociji i održavanju dobrog zdravlja tokom čitavog života. Njen značaj, kao determinante hroničnih nezaraznih bolesti (HNB) dobro je poznat i ima važnu ulogu u prevenciji. Opterećenost HNB rapidno se povećava širom sveta. Izračunato je da su godine HNB bile odgovorne za oko 60% od 56,5 miliona ukupnog broja prijavljenih smrtnih ishoda u svetu, kao i za oko 46% opterećenosti društva bolestima. Očekuje se da će se opterećenost nezaraznim bolestima povećati na 57% do godine. Skoro polovina od ukupnog broja smrtnih ishoda usled hroničnih nezaraznih bolesti može se pripisati kardiovaskularnim bolestima (KVB). Gojaznost i dijabetes takođe pokazuju zabrinjavajuće trendove i to ne samo zato što su sve češće prisutne kod velikog dela stanovništva, nego jer se sve češće javljaju u ranijim godinama života. HNB ne predstavljaju problem samo u razvijenim regionima sveta. Nasuprot široko rasprostranjenom verovanju, zemlje u razvoju sve više pate od javno zdravstvenih problema vezanih za HNB. Procenjuje se da će do 2020.g. HNB činiti oko ¾ svih smrtnih ishoda širom sveta, i od toga 71% smrtnih ishoda će biti usled ishemijske bolesti srca (IBS), a 70% usled dijabetesa u zemljama u razvoju. Što se tiče prekomerne težine i gojaznosti, ne samo da je sadašnja prevalencija dostigla neslućene vrednosti, nego se ona iz godine u godinu značajno povećava. Dugi niz godina poznato je da ishrana ima ključnu ulogu, kao faktor rizika, za HNB. Ono što je očigledno na globalnom nivou to je da su velike promene zahvatile ceo svet, jer su u drugoj polovini dvadesetog veka, dovele do velikih promena u ishrani, prvo u industrijskim regionima i nedavno u zemljama u razvoju. Tradicionalna, uglavnom ishrana namirnicama biljnog porekla zamenjena je masnom i energetski bogatom hranom i ishranom sa dosta namirnica životinjskog porekla. Ishrana iako je od ključne važnosti za prevenciju HNB, je samo jedan od faktora rizika. Fizička neaktivnost je značajna 12

13 Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations determinanta zdravlja, koja je rezultat progresivne promene načina života u pravcu smanjenja fizičke aktivnosti, u zemljama u razvoju, kao i u industrijskim zemljama. Ključne reči: hronične nezarazne bolesti, ishrana, opterećenost društva BURDEN OF CHRONIC DISEASE AND DIET Sandra Sipetic-Grujicic Institute of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, Serbia Diet is important factor in the promotion and maintenance of good health throughout the entire life. Role of diet as determinant of chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is well established and it occupies a prominent position in prevention (1). The burden of chronic diseases is rapidly increasing worldwide. It has been calculated that, in 2001, chronic diseases contributed approximately 60% of the 56.5 million total reported deaths in the world and approximately 46% of the global burden of disease (1). The proportion of the burden of NCDs is expected to increase to 57% by Almost half of the total chronic disease deaths are attributable to cardiovascular diseases; obesity and diabetes are also showing worrying trends, not only because they already affect a large proportion of the population, but also because they have started to appear earlier in life. The chronic disease problem is far from being limited to the developed regions of the world. Contrary to widely held beliefs, developing countries are increasingly suffering from public health problems related to chronic diseases (1,2). It has been projected that, by 2020, chronic diseases will account for almost three-quarters of all deaths worldwide, and that 71% of deaths due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and 70% of deaths due to diabetes will occur in developing countries (3). The number of people in the developing world with diabetes will increase by more than 2.5-fold, from 84 million in 1995 to 228 million in 2025 (4). On a global basis, 60% of the burden of chronic diseases will occur in developing countries. As for overweight and obesity, not only has the current prevalence already reached unprecedented levels, but the rate at which it is annually increasing in most developing regions is substantial. 13

14 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation Diet has been known for many years to play a key role as a risk factor for chronic diseases. What is apparent at the global level is that great changes have swept the entire world since the second half of the twentieth century, inducing major modifications in diet, first in industrial regions and more recently in developing countries. Traditional, largely plant based diets have been swiftly replaced by high-fat, energy-dense diets with a substantial content of animal-based foods. But diet, while critical to prevention, is just one risk factor. Physical inactivity, now recognized as an increasingly important determinant of health, is the result of a progressive shift of lifestyle towards more sedentary patterns, in developing countries as much as in industrialized ones. Key words: chronic non-communicable diseases, nutrition 14

15 Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations PP.04 Procene i upravljanje rizicima kod Genetički Modifikovanih poljoprivrednih kultura Aleksej Tarasjev Odeljenje za evolucionu biologiju Instituta za biološka istraživanja Siniša Stanković Univerziteta u Beogradu, Srbija U ovom radu razmatra se procena rizika i upravljanje rizicima od poljoprivrednih kultura koje mogu biti korišćene u ljudskoj i životinjskoj ishrani a koje su dobijene metodama savremene biotehnologije te stoga predstavljaju genetički modifikovane organizme (GMO). Razmatraju se i postojeće definicije GMO (kao što su to definicija iz dokumenata EU i iz Kartagenskog protokola o biološkoj sigurnosti) i njihova primenjivost na neke od najsavremenijih tehnologija ukrštanja biljaka. Daje se i pregled najnovijeg razvoja metoda procene rizika i upravljanja rizicima kako po zdravlje ljudi tako i po životnu sredinu na međunarodnom nivou (u okviru rada FAO UN, stručnih tela Evropske Unije kao i radnih grupa pri Sekretarijatu Konvencije o biološkoj raznovrsnosti). Analizira se i stanje u toj oblasti kod nas na osnovu iskustava iz realizacije medjunarodnih projekata stvaranja potencijala i rada Nacionalnog saveta za biološku sigurnost koji u Srbiji ocenjuje procenu rizika i predlozene mere za upravljanje rizicima koje su dati u prijavi. Poseban osvrt biće dan na krajnje nezadovoljavajuće stanje postojeće zakonske regulative u Srbiji koja je usvajanjem Zakona o GMO 2009 godine pod krajnje čudnim okolnostima i bez poštovanja pravila struke i međunarodnih standarda postala istovremeno i restriktivna i krajnje nebezbedna. Ključne reči: genetička modifikacija, poljoprivredne kulture, procena rizika, regulativa 15

16 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation Risk assessment and risk management in gm crops Aleksej Tarasjev Department for Evolutionary Biology Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković University of Belgrade, Serbia In this work we present current situation in the field of risk assessment (RA) and risk management (RM) of GM crops that can be used as food or feed. Existing definitions of GMO (Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety, EU directives) and their applicability to some of the new breeding techniques are discussed. Latest developments in RA and RM methodology by various bodies and organizations (FAO UN, EU, SCBD Ad Hoc Technical Expert Group and others) are also addressed. Current situation in Serbia is evaluated on the basis of experience from biosafety capacity building programs and projects realized in Serbia, and experience from work of Serbian Expert Council for Biosafety - expert body that evaluates RA and RM presented in dossiers and applications for different uses of GMO. Special emphasis is given on the analysis of current situation with GMO legislation in Serbia (changed in 2009 in Parliament without expert participation) that is in its present state at the same time both unsafe and more restrictive then EU regulations. Key words: GM, crops, risk assessment, risk management 16

17 Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations PP.05 MOLEKULARNI TARGETI REDOKS REGULACIJE: MOGUĆNOST MODULACIJE ISHRANOM Bato Korać Univerzitet u Beogradu, Institut za biološka istraživanja Siniša Stanković, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Beograd, Srbija Poslednjih decenija svedoci smo da reaktivne vrste kiseonika i azota, pre svih, imaju značajne uloge u patogenezi širokog spektra oboljenja ali i regulaciji esencijalnih ćelijskih procesa. Ovo njihovo naizgled opozitno delovanje predstavlja suštinu pojma redoks regulacije. Modulacija produkcije oksidanata sa jedne i regulacija endogenog antioksidativnog nivoa sa druge strane definiše redoks stanje ćelije. Redoks stanje se održava u homeostatskim okvirima aktiviranjem molekulskih igrača na različitim nivoima: transkripcionom, translacionom i posttranslacionom. Svi ovi regulatorni nivoi mogu biti afektovani različitim endogenim i egzogenim faktorima, posebno konstituentima iz hrane: amino kiselinama, masnim kiselinama, mikroelementima, vitaminima, fitohemikalijama... Cilj ovog izlaganja je da se sagledaju molekularni targeti i mehanizmi modulacije redoks stanja ćelije ishranom u svetlu strategija sprečavanja oboljevanja ljudi. Ključne reči: redoks regulacija, molekularni targeti, ishrana THE MOLECULAR TARGETS OF REDOX REGULATION: POSSIBILITY OF MODULATION WITH THE FOOD Bato Korać University of Belgrade, Institute for biological research Siniša Stanković, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, Belgrade, Serbia In recent decades we have witnessed that reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, above all, have a significant role in the pathogenesis of a wide spectrum of diseases, and regulation of essential cellular processes. Their seemingly opposite actions are the essence of the concept of redox regulation. Modulation of oxidant production on one hand, and the regulation of endogenous antioxidant levels on the other, defines the 17

18 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation redox state of the cell. Redox state is maintained in the homeostatic framework by activation of molecular players at different regulatory levels: transcriptional, translational and posttranslational. All of these regulatory levels can be affected by specific endogenous and exogenous factors, especially from food constituents: amino acids, fatty acids, trace elements, vitamins, phytochemicals... The aim of this lecture is to perceive the molecular targets and mechanisms involved in cell redox state modulation by food in the light of strategies in combating human diseases. Key words: redox regulation, molecular targets, nutrition 18

19 Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations PP.06 NOVI PRISTUP PROCENI RIZIKA MIKROBIOLOŠKIH OPASNOSTI (TOKSINA) KAO REZULTAT MODERNIH TRENDOVA U PROIZVODNJI I FORMULACIJI HRANE Rajković A Katedra za upravljanje kvalitetom i bezbednošću hrane; Institut za prehrambenu tehnologiju i biohemiju, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Poljoprivredni fakultet, Srbija Veliki je broj patogenih mikroorganizama, njihovih toksina i metabolite koji mogu da kontaminiraju hranu. Još je veći broj načina na koji hrana biva kontaminirana ovim opasnostima (hazardima). Poznato je da oslanjanje na kontrolu kontaminacije putem analize gotovih proizvoda ne daje traženu pouzdanost u zahteva ni nivo bezbednosti hrane te da se sistemski i preventivni pristup kontroli kontaminacije zasniva na potrebi da se prepoznaju opasnosti i njihov potencijal ni uticaj na javno zdravlje. Ova neophodnost je povezana i sa dodelom adekvatnih resursa za obezbeđenje potrebnog nivoa bezbednosti. Iako je analiza opasnosti (hazard analyzis) implicitna aktivnost unutar HACCP koncepta, ipak ne postoji formalna procedura u izradi HACCP plana kojom se vrši diferencija cija između trivijalnih ili manje verovatnih opasnosti u hrani od onih koji predstavljaju ozbiljnu pretnju po javno zdravlje. Suprotno ovome koncept rizika asimiluje i verovatnoću pojave da te opasnost i težine posledica te pojave, dozvoljavajući identifikovanje opasnosti koje najviše zahtevaju kontrolu. Procena rizika (Risk assessment), kao ustoličeni termin je jedan od tri elementa formalnog i objektivnog pristupa analize rizika koje se nalaze u vezi sa specifičnim aktivnostima ili specifičnim proizvodima. Ukupan okvir u kome se vrši procena rizika se naziva analiza rizika (Risk analaysis) i pored procene rizika ukjučuje još dva elementa, naime upravljanje rizikom (Risk management) i komunikaciju rizikom (risk communication). Poznata kompleksnost mikrobiološke procene rizika (procena rizika po javno zdravlje izazavana prisustvom mikrobioloških opasnosti u hrani) se dodatno komplikuje kada se u proizvodnji hrane primenjuju postupci koji ne vode jednostavnoj inaktivaciji mikroorganizama. Blagi tretmani i korišćenje takozvane hurdle technology, tj.tehnologije više kombinovanih faktora kojima će se kontrolisati rast mikroorganizama su 19

20 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation osnova današnje prehrambene industrije. Dalje usložnjavanje se dešava u slučajevima kada je infektivni nivo patogena nizak ili kada je osnova virulentnosti datog patogena toksin. Ova kompleksnost se zasnivana velikom broju parametara koji utiču na konačnu izloženost čoveka datom patogenu/toksinu i velikom broju patrametara koji utiču na zdravstrveni efekat te izloženosti. Dodatan faktor u proceni rizika od bakterijskih intoksikacija i tokisko-infekcija se ogleda nepoznatom odnosu koncetracija i formi toksina i simptoma koje oni izazivaju kod čoveka, kao i činjenici da je prisustvo toksina u trenutku izlaganja nezavisno od trenutnog prisustva samog mikroorganizma i da samo prisustvo gena koji kodiraju toksin nije dovoljno za proizvodnju toksina. Konačna virulentnost, kako kod infekcija sensustricto tako i kod intoksikacija sensulato zavisi i od fiziološkog stanja ćelije patogena koja je u mnogome rezultat uslova procesa primenjenog u proizvodnji hrane. Tako, na primer stanje sub-letalne ozleđenosti ima uticaj ne samo na preživljavanje i rast veći na patogeni potencijal datog mikroorganizma. Većiona komulti parametarska jednačina dobija dodatne elemente kada se u obzir uzme uglavnom nepoznati efekat (sub)hronične izloženostii (sub)kliničkih koncetracija čiji efekti nisu akutno vidljivi, a posebno kada se u produženom period na koji se kategorizacija opasnosti odnosi razmatra efekat izloženosti različtim toksinima. Ovakav scenario višestruke izloženosti je teško okarakterisati i iteracije koje bi datu izloženost matematički opisale zahtevaju prethodna ispitivanja koja do danas nisu rađena. Izlaganje ćelijskih kultura, kao i studije na životinjama kao modelima, mogu delimično da pomognu procenu rizika. No, kako je obim potrebnih ispitivanja veliki, i traženi broj ponavljanja visoku sledinherentne biološke varijabilnosti, ovi podaci se velikim delom moraju substituisati ogledima zasnovanim na transkriptomu i proteomu, kako na nivou patogenih mikroorganizma, tako i (modela) domaćina. Ovaj rad ima za cilj da pokaže najnovija dostignuća iz oblasti procene rizika vezane za višestruku i dugotrajnu izloženost toksinima patogenahran, konkretno tokisnima Bacillus cereus-a i Staphylococcus aureus-a, a u sprezi za modernism načinom proizvodnje i formulacije hrane. Ključne reči: procena rizika, mikrobiološka opasnost, proizvodnja hrane 20

21 Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations NEW APPROACHES IN MICROBIAL (TOXIN) RISK ASSESSMENT AS A RESPONSE TO THE CONTEMPORARY FOOD PRODUCTION AND FOOD FORMULATION Rajkovic A Department of Food Safety and Food Quality Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Belgrade University, Serbia There are numerous pathogens that can theoretically contaminate foods and many more scenarios by which that contamination could arise. End-product testing is time consuming, expensive, often invasive and largely ineffective at ensuring the level of food safety required. It is important to be able to recognise hazards and their potential impact on public health and to allocate resources where they will have greatest effect in assuring public health. While hazard analysis is implicit in the HACCP system, there is no formal procedure within HACCP for differentiation of trivial or unlikely hazards in foods from those that pose a serious threat to public health, The concept of risk embodies both the likelihood of a hazard occurring and the severity of the consequences if it does, and enables a means of identifying hazards that most require control. Risk assessment is one element of a formal and objective approach to the analysis of risks associated with specific activities. The overall framework has been termed risk analysis including also the elements risk management and risk communication. The well-knowncomplexity of microbial risk assessment is further complicated when modern food processing is taken into account. Consumer desire for minimally processed yet safe foods creates a paradox for the food industry, particularly because food must remain affordable bringing novel and mild food processing that uses hurdle technology to warrant desired food safety levels. Meeting these competing demands poses a challenge to the food industry and its regulators. The inherent complexity of microbial risk assessment is build up with those pathogens that in their virulence rely on toxins or that have very low infectious dose. The increasing attention for microbial toxins on the public health radar is a consequence of increased number of foodborne outbreaks with toxins as etiological agent, a globalized food supply chain and contemporary food production characteristics. Microbial toxins are often independent in their presence from the simultaneous viability of a respective microorganism. 21

22 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation Their production may occur in food at almost any stage of food chain and they can remain present and biologically active even when the producing microorganism is inactivated. The mere gene presence on the other hand does not warrant toxin production. Therefore use of cell lines and animal models can provide some information on biological activity and dose-response scenarios. However, as these investigations require large setups to compensate for biological variability and various exposure (concentration, multi-toxin ) scenarios data will also need to come from studies of transcriptomics and proteomics (both on pathogen and host level). The potential to inflict damage is a function of conditions for the toxin production (e.g. extrinsic and intrinsic food factors, relationship to microbial cell density, growth phase and cell injury, (sub)clinical dose, effect of acute and (sub)chronic exposure etc. Many of these factors are dependent on the food processing conditions (Rajkovic et al. 2010). The prior research indicated dangers of sub-lethal injury caused by mild processing and existence of different microbial subpopulations. The surviving cells can be characterized by modified virulence (e.g. toxin production potential (in food and in gut)). Therefore the understanding of the effect of processing technology and overall food environment on the exposure of the consumer to the microbial hazards (e.g. toxins) is one of the key elements that need to be addressed in respective risk assessment. In the context of mounting concern on the exposure to multiple microbial toxins via versatile vectors of food, environment and human activities it has to be realized that (re)emerging toxins need a continuous assessment for the level of threat they pose to the public health. Performing the exposure assessment of the multi-exposure is difficult at this stage of knowledge. The development and application of new tools will help to clarify the grounds of the reported epidemiological findings of measurable human exposure. Since for the vast majority of these toxins, identification and characterization information is absent or limited the assessment of their health significance is complex. This work will focus on latest strategies and achievements when it comes top toxins of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in relation to contemporary food processing. Key words: risk assessment, microbiological hazard, food production 22

23 Plenarna predavanja / Plenary presentations PP.07 IMMUNONUTRITION: A USEFUL TOOL IN OBESITY Ascensión Marcos Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain Obesity is one of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases and a major concern for public health worldwide, mainly due to its well established relationship with alterations like insulin resistance and diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, amongst other inflammatory pathologies (Alzheimer s disease, heart attacks or some types of cancer). Indeed, obesity shares with most chronic diseases the presence of an inflammatory component, which is in good part responsible for the development of metabolic and other health alterations associated. This chronic inflammatory response has its origin in the links existing between the adipose tissue and the immune system. Obesity, like other states of malnutrition, is known to impair immune function, leading to a high prevalence of infections and allergies, but even more recently, evidence is arising that an altered immune function contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity. More specifically, measures of body fat have been shown to positively correlate with serum levels of inflammatory proteins, and it is interesting to note that markers of abdominal obesity, such as waist circumference, seem to be more strongly associated with inflammatory markers than the body mass index or total body fat, which indicates a greater impact of central obesity on inflammation. Adipose tissue in general and adipocytes in particular secrete a great number of bioactive molecules of different nature, collectively termed adipokines, many of which have immuno-modulatory actions. This is the case for leptin and adiponectin, to mention only the two most paradigmatic adipokines. As a matter of fact, obesity-associated chronic systemic inflammation has its origin in a dysfunction of the adipose tissue. Furthermore, although genetics is an important factor included into the pathogenesis of obesity, several lifestyle-related determinants, such as physical activity and fitness have been shown to be important protective factors to lessen low-grade inflammation found in obesity. Indeed, fitness and body fat must be considered as important determinants in public health strategies to fight against an inflammatory condition. Key words: obesity, immune system, nutrition 23

24 Sekcija Ishrana i zdravlje stanovništva u periodu sprovođenja milenijumskih ciljeva Session Nutrition, Population Health and Millenium Goals

25 Sekcijsko predavanje / Session Presentation 01.SP1 MILENIJUMSKI RAZVOJNI CILJEVI, ISHRANA I MASOVNE NEZARAZNE BOLESTI Novaković B, Jovičić Bata J, Grujičić M Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu Uvod:»Тhe Human Development Report«objavljen godine po prvi put je vratio ljude u centar civilizacijskog procesa u smislu unapređenja zdravlja ljudi kroz ekonomski ostvarivu i humano osmišljenu politiku zdravlja i promociju zdravlja. Deset godina kasnije, 189 država sveta potpisalo je Milenijumsku deklaraciju iz koje su proistekli Milenijumski razvojni ciljevi koji dobro zdravlje ljudi i osiguranje dovoljne količine zdravstveno bezbedne hrane postavljaju za kamen temeljac globalnog razvoja. Cilj: Cilj rada bio je prikaz povezanosti Milenijumskih razvojnih ciljeva i smanjenja rizika za pojavu masovnih nezarazih bolesti (MNB). Metodologija: Povezanost Milenijumskih razvojnih ciljeva i smanjenja rizika za MNB biće prikazan na osnovu Političke deklaracije Ujedinjenih nacija iz 2011.godine. Rezultati: Masovne nezarazne bolesti, pre svega kardiovaskularne bolesti, dijabetes tip 2, maligne bolesti i hronične opstruktivne bolesti pluća, uzrok su u 60% smrti tokom jedne godine globalno. Značajne internacionalne zdravstvene organizacije kažu da se oko 80% svih kardiovaskularnih bolesti i dijabetesa tip 2 i preko 40% malignih bolesti može sprečiti pravilnom ishranom, redovnom i povećanom fizičkom aktivnošću i prestankom pušenja. Zaključak: Realizacija Milenijumskih razvojnih ciljeva može značajno uticati na civilizacijski razvoj, kretanje tradicionalnih, modernih i tranzicionih zdravstvenih rizika odnosno može uticati na regionalnu i globalnu optrećenost bolestima uzrokovanih nepravilnom ishranom. Ključne reči: Milenijumski razvojni ciljevi, ishrana, rizik, masovne nezarazne bolesti 25

26 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS, NUTRITION AND MASS NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Novaković B, Jovičić Bata J, Grujičić M Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad Introduction: The Human Development Report released in 1990 was the first policy document that emphasized the importance of human-centered health policy. Ten years later, 189 countries signed the Millennium Declaration. The Millennium Declaration is supposed to be implemented through the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) that consider health, food security and food safety to be the cornerstones of global development. Objective: The aim is to present the relationship between MDGs and the reduction of risk factors for mass non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods: Presentation of the link between MDGs and the reduction of risk for NCDs was based on the Political Declaration of the United Nations on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases from Results: Mass non-communicable diseases, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in particular were the cause of 60% of global deaths in one year. Eminent health organizations claim that around 80% of all cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes and over 40% of malignant diseases may be prevented by healthy diet, regular physical activity and smoking cessation. Conclusion: The realization of the Millennium Development Goals can significantly affect the development of civilization and the shift of health risks from traditional to modern. Overall, it could affect the regional and global burden of mass non-communicable diseases and other nutrition-related diseases. Key words: Millennium Development Goals, nutrition, risk, mass non-communicablediseases 26

27 Sekcijsko predavanje / Session Presentation 01.SP2 CREVNA FLORA KAO POKAZATELJ ZDRAVSTEVENOG STANJA I MEDIJATOR PREKO KOG DODACI ISHRANI OSTVARUJU UTICAJ NA ZDRAVLJE ČOVEKA Rajilić-Stojanović M Katedra za biohemijsko inženjerstvo i biotehnologije, Tehnološko-metalurški fakultet, Univerzitet u Beogradu, Beograd Intestinalni trakt čoveka je gusto naseljen mikroorganizmima crevnom florom koja obavlja približno isti broj metaboličkih reakcija kao i jetra i ima ogroman uticaj na zdravlje čoveka. Zbog brojnosti i kompleksnosti crevne flore, koju sačinjava nekoliko hiljada, prvenstveno bakterijskih vrsta, tek je primena molekularnih tehnika omogućila njenu adekvatnu analizu. Tako je primena DNK čipa Human Intestinal Tract (HIT) Chip-a omogućila definisanje poremećaja sastava crevne flore u vezi sa nekoliko intestinalnih bolesti. Ustanovljeno je da i zdrave i obolele osobe imaju izuzetno stabilnu crevnu floru, ali se sastav ovog ekosistema razlikuje između zdravih i obolelih. Tako je ustanovljeno da osobe obolele od ulceroznog kolitisa imaju umanjen broj bakterija koje proizvode butirat i propionat (metabolita koji imaju anti-inflamatorno dejstvo), ali i 20 puta manju količinu bakterija nepoznate fiziološke aktivnosti iz reda Clostridiales. Sa druge strane, oboleli imaju povećanu količinu potencijalno patogenih bakterija iz rodova Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium i Clostridium. Interesantno je da su značajni poremećaji sastava crevne flore otkriveni i u vezi sa blažim bolestima poput sindroma iritabilnog kolona. Pacijenti oboleli od ove bolesti, imaju gotovo dvostruko manju količinu bakterija tipa Bacteroidetes koje su odgovorne za varenje nesvarivih ugljenih hidrata, ali i značajno umanjenu količinu bakterija iz roda tipičnih probiotskih bakterija Bifidobacterim. Analiza crevne flore u kliničkim studijama u kojima se ispituje uticaj probiotika i prebiotika, omogućila je identifikaciju mehanizama pomoću kojih ovi dodaci ishrani ostvaruju svoj pozitivan efekat na zdravlje čoveka. Dok prebiotici imaju sposobnost da izmene količine prisutnih bakterija, uticaj probiotika je kompleksniji jer menja međusobne odnose bakterija, verovatno menjanjem njihove fiziološke aktivnosti. Analize sastava crevne flore su se već pokazale kao 27

28 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation veoma korisne i realno je očekivati da će imaju veliki značaj u procesu definisanja dodataka ishrani sa pozitivnim efektom na zdravlje čoveka. Ključne reči: crevna flora, medijator, dodaci ishrani THE ROLE OF THE GUT MICROBIOTA IN HUMAN HEALTH AND IN MEDIATING INFLUENCE OF BENEFICIAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS Rajilić-Stojanović M Department for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade University, Belgrade The human intestinal tract is densely populated by complex microbial ecosystem gut microbiota that significantly contributes to human health by performing numerous metabolic transformations. Since gut microbiota is composed of thousands of different species, primarily bacteria, only the application of molecular techniques has enabled appropriate approaches for studying this ecosystem. In that line, application of DNA microarray Human Intestinal Tract (HIT) Chip has indentified deviations of the gut microbiota in relation to several intestinal disease. While both healthy and sick subjects have stable microbiota, its composition differs between healthy subjects and patients. Deviations of the gut microbiota of ulcerative colitis patients include lower abundance of butyrate and propionate producing bacteria (metabolites with anti-inflammatory properties). Furthermore, these patients have 20 fold reduced abundance of a Clostridiales bacterium with unknown physiological properties. On the other hand, these patients harbor higher abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria within Campylobacter, Helicobacter, Peptostreptococcus, Fusobacterium and Clostridium genera. Interestingly, strongly significant deviations of the gut microbiota are also associated with milder intestinal disease irritable bowel syndrome. These patients have almost two fold reduced abundance of bacteria from phylum Bacteroidetes, which are involved in digestion of resistant carbohydrates. Moreover, these patients have significantly reduced abundance of Bifidobacterium sp., which are typical 28

29 Sekcijsko predavanje / Session Presentation probiotics. Analyses of the gut microbiota during clinical trials where influence of probiotics and prebiotics is studied provided insight into mechanisms by which these dietary supplements effect human health. While prebiotics influence abundances of bacterial groups within the gut microbiota, influence of probiotics is more complex as probitics are changing interactions between the gut microbiota constituents probably by effecting their physiological activities. Analyses of the gut microbiota composition have proven their importance, and it is rational to expect that they will play an important role in defining dietary supplements that can affect human health. Key words: gut microbiota, mediator, supplements 29

30 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation 01.SP3 UPOTREBA SUPLEMENATA KOD TRUDNICA U REGIJI BANJALUKA Rudić Grujić V 1, Novaković B 2,3, Grabež M 3, Pešević Pajčin J 4, Vulin Ž 4 1 JZU Institut za javno zdravstvo Republike Srpske, 2 Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, 3 Medicinski fakultet Univerzitet u Banjaluci, 4 JZU Dom zdravlja Banjaluka Zbog povećanih metaboličkih potreba trudnice predstavljaju osjetljivu populaciju za pojavu nedostatka mikronutrijenata. Cilj: Cilj rada je prikazati učestalost upotrebe suplemenata i najčešće upotrebljivane suplemente kod trudnica u regiji Banjaluka. Metod: Uzorak je obuhvatio 196 trudnica od 24. do 28. nedjelje gestacije koje su dolazile na redovnu kontrolu kod ginekologa. Istraživanje je sprovedeno od februara do septembra godine u domovima zdravlja regije Banjaluka. U istraživanju je korišćen upitnik zasnovan na preporukama sličnih istraživanja. Prlikom statistčke obrade podataka korišćena je osnovna deskriptivna statistika. Rezultati: Najveći procenat ispitanica je u dobi od godine života (39,28%). Vitaminsko-mineralne (multiple) suplemente koristilo je 46,93% trudnica. Najčešće korišćeni pojedinačni suplementi su: folna kiselina 42,34%, gvožđe 15,81%, vitamin C 10,71 %, fluor 4,08 %, B kompleks 3,57%. Savjet o ishrani u toku trudnoće nije dobilo 55,6 % trudnica. Od trudnica koje koriste suplemente 72,44% ih uzima po preporuci ljekara. Nije uočena statistička značajnost u učestalosti upotrebe multiplih suplemenata između trudnica koje su konzumirale pet porcija voća i povrća dnevno u odnosu na one koje su konzumirale manje voća i povrća (χ 2= , p= ). Diskusija: Deficiti mikronutrijenata imaju visoku prevalenciju u zemljama u razvoju. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija preporučuje povremenu upotrebu gvožđa da bi se smanjio rizik od anemije i unaprijedilo zdravlje trudnica. Meta anliza više studija pokazala je da upotreba multiplih suplemenata smanjuje rizik od male porođajne težine novorođenčeta, ali može povećati rizik za mrtvorođenje u odnosu na trudnice koje su koristile samo gvožđe i folnu kiselinu. Studija provedena u Irskoj bilježi upotrebu folne kiseline prema preporukama kod 44,4% trudnica, multiple suplemente koristi 10% trudnica. 30

31 Sekcijsko predavanje / Session Presentation Zaključak: Više od polovine trudnica nije koristilo folnu kiselinu u skladu sa važećim preporukama. Potrebno je veće angažovanje zdravstvenih radnika na savjetovanju trudnica o ishrani. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja u cilju definisanja potrebe za suplementacijom kod trudnica u našoj zemlji. Ključne riječi: suplementi, trudnoća, folna kiselina, gvožđe SUPPLEMENTATION DURING PREGNANCY IN REGION OF BANJALUKA Rudić Grujić V 1, Novaković B 2,3, Grabež M 3, Pešević Pajčin J 4, Vulin Ž 4 1 Public health institute Republic of Srpska, 2 Medical faculty University Novi Sad, Medical faculty University Banjaluka, 4 Health Center Banjaluka Because of the increased metabolic needs, pregnant women are vulnerable populations for the occurrence of micronutrient deficiency. The aim: The aim of the study was to show the frequency of the use of supplements, and witch supplements are commonly used by pregnant women in the region of Banjaluka. Method: The sample consisted of 196 pregnanat women from weeks of gestation who wisited their gynecologist for regular check ups. The study was conducted from February to September 2012 in the Health Center of Banjaluka. The questionnaire was based on recomendation of similar studies.the basic descriptive statistics were used for data processing. Results: The higest percentage of women was at the age of years (39,28%). Multiple supplements were used by 46,93% of pregnant women. The most commonly used single supplements are folic acid 42,34%/, Fe 15,81%, C vitamin 10,71 %, fluorine 4,08 %, B complex 3,57%. Dietary advice during pregnancy did not get 55,6 % pregnant women. 72,44% of pregnant women who use supplements, were taken it according their physicians redomendation. There was no statistical significant difference in the prevalence of multiple supplements use among pregnant women who ate five servings of fruits and vegetables, a day compared to those who consumed less fruits and vegetables (χ 2= , p= ). 31

32 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation Discussion: Developing countries have a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. The World Health Organization recommends intermittent use of oral iron supplements for prevention of anemia and improvment of the health of pregnant women. Meta-analysis several studies has shown that the use of multiple supplements reduces the risks of low birth weight, but may increase the risk of stillbirth compared to women who used only iron and folic acid. A study in Ireland reported the use of folic acid, as recommended, by 44,4% of pregnant women, multiple supplements are used by 10 % of pregnant women. Conclusion: More than half of pregnant women did not use folic acid in accordance with current recommendations. It takes more commitment of health workers in counseling pregnant women about nutrition. Further studies are needed in order to define the need for the supplementation in pregnant women in our country. Key word: supplements, pregnancy, folic acid, iron 32

33 Sekcijsko predavanje / Session Presentation 01.SP4 SO: ŠTA STUDENTI ZNAJU O NUTRITIVNIM IZVORIMA I AKTUELNOJ PREPORUCI ZA UNOS? Jovičić Bata J, Novaković B, Grujičić M Medicinski fakultet, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Novi Sad, Srbija Cilj: Cilj istraživanja bio je procena nivoa znanja studenata Fakulteta tehničkih nauka i Medicinskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Novom Sadu o nutritivnim izvorima soli i aktuelnoj preporuci za unos soli. Metode: Podaci su prikupljeni tokom zimskog semestra školske 2011/12. godine na Univerzitetu u Novom Sadu. Anketirani su studenti Fakulteta tehničkih nauka i Medicinskog fakulteta. Anketom je procenjivan nivo znanja o nutritivnim izvorima soli i aktuelnoj preporuci za unos soli. Podaci su analizirani programom IBM SPSS Statistics (ver. 20.0). Rezultati: Ukupno 279 studenata je popunilo anketu [srednji uzrast god; SD 1.693; CI 95% (20.64, 21.04) god]: 145 studenata Medicinskog fakulteta i 134 studenta Fakulteta tehničkih nauka. Veći procenat studenata medicine (52.4%) je tačno odgovorio na pitanje o aktuelnoj preporuci za unos soli u odnosu na studente tehničkih nauka (48.5%), ali ova razlika nije bila statistički značajna (χ 2 =1.732, df=2, p=0.421). U poređenju sa 20.1% studenata tehničkih nauka, više studenata medicine (31.7%) smatra da je industrijski proizvedena hrana glavni izvor soli u ishrani (χ 2 =8.140, df=3, p <0.05). Diskusija: Studenti Medicinskog fakulteta pokazali su bolje poznavanje nutritivnih izvora soli. Većina studenata (64%) pogrešno smatra da je so dodata tokom pripreme hrane u domaćinstvu i tokom jela, glavni izvor soli u ishrani. Procenat studenata koji su upoznati sa aktuelnom preporukom za unos soli je relativno visok. Zaključak: Uz pomoć stručnjaka odgovornih za politiku hrane, zdravstvenih radnika i medija, studentima bi trebalo ukazati na namirnice koje su značajni nutritivni izvori soli. Na taj način, studentima bi se pružila mogućnost informisanog izbora. Navedena aktivnost mogla bi biti značajan pomak u smanjenju ukupnog unosa soli u studentskoj populaciji i smanjenju rizika za hipertenziju. Ključne reči: unos soli, unos natrijuma, studenti 33

34 12. KONGRES O ISHRANI sa međunarodnim učešćem / 12 th CONGRESS OF NUTRITION with international participation SALT: WHAT DO UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS KNOW ABOUT DIETARY SOURCES AND CURRENT INTAKE GOAL? Jovičić Bata J, Novaković B, Grujičić M Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia Aim: The aim of this study has been to assess the level of knowledge about dietary sources of salt and current intake goal among undergraduate students of technical sciences and medicine at the University of Novi Sad, Serbia. Methods: The data were collected at the University of Novi Sad during the fall semester of 2011/12 academic year.students of the Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Technical Sciences participated in the survey. The survey assessed their level of knowledge of dietary sources of salt and current salt intake goal using multiple choice questions.the data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version Results: In all, 279 students completed the questionnaire [mean age y; SD 1.693; CI 95% (20.64, 21.04)y]: 145 of the Faculty of Medicine and 134 of the Faculty of Technical Sciences.The students of the Faculty of Medicine were more likely to answer correctly when asked about the current daily salt intake goal than the students of the Faculty of Technical Sciences (52.4% vs. 48.5%, respectively), but this difference was not statistically significant (χ 2 =1.732, df=2, p=0.421).more medical students (31.7%) believed that processed foods were the main source of dietary salt compared to students of technical sciences (20.1%) (χ 2 =8.140, df=3, p <0.05). Discussion: Medical students show better knowledge about dietary sources of salt. The majority of all students (63%) mistakenly believe that salt added during cooking or at the table is the main contributor to dietary salt intake. The proportion of students aware of the salt intake goal is relatively high. Conclusions: Awareness of dietary salt sources among students should be raised with the involvment of policy makers, healthcare workers and media in order to help students make better dietary choices. This could be a move foreward in salt intake reduction and hypertension prevention. Key words: salt intake, sodium intake, undergraduate students 34