Dietary exposure assessment of carbendazim residues in vegetables, fruits and mushrooms in Shanghai Market

Transcription

1 Dietary exposure assessment of carbendazim residues in vegetables, fruits and mushrooms in Shanghai Market Ph.D Song Weiguo, Mao Xiang-dong, Zhao Zhi-hui Institute of Agro-food Standard and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Science Shanghai Engineer Research Center of Agro-food Quality and Safety Risk Assessment Lab of Agro-food Quality and Safety (Shanghai), Ministry of Agriculture Moscow

2 Backgroud

3 Issues 2011 carbendazim in juice 2012 in tea 2012 in grape wine

4 Carbendazim a.i.7% powder was listed in Rotterdam Convention Annex III which is applicable to PIC Prior Informed Consent Procedure Cancelled or restricted to use in UDA, AUS Unep, FAO: Chemicals and pesticides with high risks

5 It is necessary to assess the risks of carbendazim to consumers in Shanghai by intaking vegetables, fruits and mushrooms for scientific monitoring of food safety. >30 million consumers Global city

6 Risk analysis Risk assessment Point assessment Probabilistic assessment

7 Risk assessment Hazard identification epidemiological data history metablism to identify the possibility of hazard Doseresponse assessment Determine the endpoint or threshold of hazard NOEC/NOAEL-ARfD&ADI Exposure assessment Residue data analysis capital dietary calculation of risk quotient Risk characteristic Discribe the quality of risk and uncertainty

8 Hazard identification

9 chemical and physical parameters CAS General name Commd. name Chemical name Carbendazim Carbendazime Carbendazol MBC BMC BAS Bavistin Delsene Derosal Hoe1 methyl 1H-benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate

10 Wide risk source Carbendazim(MBC) thiophanatemethyl(tm) benomyl application Widely used in crop(veget.,fruits,mushroom, grain,oil crops,and etc.) Registered all over the world

11 Benomyl C 14 H 18 N 4 O 3 TM C 12 H 14 N 4 O 4 S 2 Neutral or acid condition Leaf surface root MBC C 9 H 9 N 3 O 2 JMPR 1973

12 not dissolved in water(<0.1 g/100 ml 21 ºC) Hard to degrade(dt50 45d-2y) not easy to remove by cooking or heating Endocrine disrupting pesticides (European priority list, briefing, February 2001) liver toxicity, developmental toxicity and reproductive (testicular) effects(mantovani,1998) Potential chronic risks to consumer by intaking food

13 Dose-response (hazard characteristic)

14 Acute toxicity study Animal Trials NOAEL rat Maternal toxicity 30 mg/kg bw/ d Developmental toxicity 10 mg/kg bw/ d Acute toxicity, Testicular effects 50 mg/kg bw Rabbit Maternal toxicity 20 mg/kg bw/ d Developmentaltoxicity 10 mg/kg bw/ d Acute Referenced Dose,ARfD 0.1 mg/kg bw for special 0.5 mg/kg bw for general JMPR,2005

15 Carbendazim toxicology and NOAEL/NOEL levels: Rat: 500 mg/kg diet, equivalent to 25 mg/kg body weight (development toxicity) Dog: 100 mg/kg diet, equivalent to 2.5 mg/kg body weight development toxiciy) Rat: 30 mg/kg body weight per day (benomylteratology) The JMPR 1983 meeting (FAO/WHO, 1985a) estimated ADI for carbendazim to be mg/kg body weight.

16 Exposure assessment

17 Determination 础 Methods were validated by adding standards into cucumber, pepper, pear, apple, mushroom Extract by acetonitrile MCX solid column clean LC-Photo-diode arry detector(284nm) AU Car Thi Minutes Figure 5 ug/ml carbendazim standards

18 Recovery experiments of carbendazim food A.C mg/kg Rec(%) RSD % Cuc Pep Pear Apple Musr Musr LOD: veg0.001 fr & msrm mg/kg

19 Monitoring data ,samples include: 41 kinds vegetable 2048 samples 32 kinds of fruits 2511 samples And 18 kinds of mushrooms 120 samples Covered Supermarkets, food shops, standard markets

20 Monitoring data FOOD CROPS MRL(mg/kg) DEC.R% NOTE VEG. (LOD0.01mg/ kg) MUSRM (LOD mg/kg) Veg.total / 4.3 tomato 3 0 cucumber asparagus 0.1 / pepper 2 0 chives samples detd. 3 sample detd.

21 food crops MRL(mg/kg) Det.r% 备 检 mg/kg Fruit total / 20.1 orange watermelon apple pear grape peach plum almond 2 0 cherry date strawberry lemon olive 0.5 / pineapple Kiwi fruit litchi mango banana samples detd.

22 According to method by GEMS/ FOOD-EURO Second Workshop on Reliable Evaluation of Low- Level Contamination of Food(GEMS,1995), If ND data are more than 60%,instead of ND, 0 and LOD will be used separately to get a statistics distribution by Monte-carlo method.

23 Simulation of residue data-vegetables Residue data distr. (ND O) RiskExpon( ,Ris kname( VEG.DISTR-0")) Residue data distr. (ND LOD) RiskLoglogistic(0, ,6.3968) 95% percentile value( )

24 Simulation of residue data-fruits Residue data distr. (ND O) RiskExpon( ,Ris kname( FR.DISTR-0")) Residue data distr. (ND LOD) RiskPareto2( , ) 95% percentile value( )

25 Simulation of residue data-mushrooms Residue data distr. (ND O) RiskExpon( ,Ris kname( MSR.DISTR-0") ) Residue data distr. (ND LOD) RiskLoglogistic(0, ,21.435) 95% percentile value( )

26 Dietary data F(veg intake)= RiskLognorm(229.29,226.07,RiskS hift( )) F(fr intake)= RiskLoglogistic( ,244.34, ) F(musr intake)=riskexpon(44.265,riskshift(2.4667)) + RiskPearson5(2.247,50.361,RiskShift( ))

27 Average intake(f+m): vegetables g/person/d fruits g/person/d mushrooms g/person/d Average intake(m): Average intake(f): g/ person/d From Shanghai FDA

28 BODY WEIGHT Body weight of different consumers Age Male (kg) female(kg) 7-10y y y y Aver Total aver. 58

29 FAO/WHO guidelines Acute dietary risk quotient(arq): %RfD=HR DIET/BW Chronic dietary risk quotient (CRQ): %ADI=MR DIET/BW Parameters for point assessment of AR FOOD HR mg/kg MR mg/kg ADI (mg/kg bw/d) RfD (mg/kg) VEG FR MUSRM

30 age ARQ at simulatedhighest intake level male veg fr msrm Total food female veg fr msrm Total food >= Aver Total aver

31 ARQ at average intake level age male female veg fr msrm Total food veg >= Aver fr Total aver

32 Monte-carlo assessment CRQ risk quotients of all consumers in Shanghai city exposed to 3 foods(veg, fr, msrm.) are lower than 100% dietary exposure risks< ADI 0.01mg/kg bw/d 99 percentile of risk quotient is %ADI 95 percentile %. Total food-total consumer veg fr Msr.

33 Risk Characteristics

34 Ø AR was assessed by point methods. At highest intake level of veg., fr. and msrm simulation, consumers 7-14 ages was exposed with highest risks, and fruit contribute most. Ø But possibility of actual exposure to highest level of 3 foods is too small to be more than 1 millionth.

35 Ø By simulating dietary exposure of 3 foods is far below ADI, with 99 percentile to be %ADI Ø To make a final risk assessment decision that vegetables, fruits, and mushrooms in Shanghai markets are safe for consumers to intake.

36 uncertainty u Residue data u The ND data selection has effects on the simulation distribution; u Limit data(based on monitoring,not cover all the vegetables, fruits and mushrooms) u Dietary data u Different people have different diets, and ultimate data not considered

37 Conclusion (1)Carbendazim no risks (2)Risk assessment are open system and scientificity depend on the data. With the accumulation of data, the assessment will be more close to actual conditions. And technical innovation will increase the accuracy of the data.

38 Welcome to Shanghai