Graduate Research Assistants John Haguewood, Natalie Pan, Steve Song, (Derek Cottrill August 2011)

Transcription

1 Faculty Dr. Brad Fresenburg Turfgrass Research & Extension Dr. Lee Miller Turfgrass Pathology Dr. Chris Starbuck Woody Ornamentals Dr. David Trinklein Floriculture Dr. Xi Xiong Turfgrass Management & Physiology Research Specialists Daniel Earlywine Turfgrass Pathology Dan Lloyd Turfgrass Management & Physiology Post Doctoral Researcher Dr. Kehua Wang Graduate Research Assistants John Haguewood, Natalie Pan, Steve Song, (Derek Cottrill August 2011)

2 Sponsors & Contributors to the 2011 Mizzou Turfgrass Research Program Agrologics* St. Louis, Missouri MU Ag Research Center* Columbia, Missouri Agrotain* St. Louis, Missouri A.L. Gustin Golf Course* Columbia, Missouri Arysta Life Sciences** Cary, North Carolina Dave Baker*** Columbia, Missouri BASF** Waukee, Iowa Bayer Environmental Science ** Kansas City, Missouri Bellerive Country Club* St. Louis, Missouri Capital Sand Company* Jefferson City, Missouri MU CAFNR* Columbia, Missouri Columbia Country Club* Columbia, Missouri Country Club of Missouri* Columbia, Missouri Cleary Chemical Company** Dayton, New Jersey Steve Dickinson*** Fenton, Missouri Dow AgroSciences* St. Louis, Missouri DuPont** Kansas City, Kansas Eagle Knoll Golf Club* Hartsburg, MO Gateway Chapter (STMA) ** St. Louis, Missouri Hallbrook Country Club* Leawood, KS John Deere Landscapes* Fenton, Missouri Heart of America Golf Course Superintendents Association** Kansas City, Missouri Laser Turf Leveling* St. Charles, Missouri Macon Granuband* Macon, Missouri Mid America Green Industry Council* Kansas City, Missouri Mississippi Valley Golf Course Superintendents Association** St. Charles, Missouri MoTOC * Columbia, Missouri MO-KAN Chapter (STMA) ** Kansas City, Missouri MU Intercollegiate Athletics* Columbia, Missouri NTEP** Beltsville, Maryland Oak Hills Golf Center* Jefferson City, MO Old Warson Country Club* St. Louis, MO Ozark Turf Association* Branson, Missouri Ozarks Chapter STMA** Springfield, Missouri Pennington Seed* Greenfield, Missouri PBI Gordon* Kansas City, Missouri Perfect Play Fields & Links* Belleville, Illinois Redexim-Charterhouse* St. Louis, Missouri Research Support Services South Farm* Columbia, Missouri SelecTurf Farms* Jefferson City, Missouri St. Louis Country Club* St. Louis, MO Syngenta ** Greensboro, North Carolina The Falls Golf Club* O Fallon, Missouri The Lawn Company*** Columbia, Missouri Valent** Green Springs, Ohio Westwood Country Club* St. Louis, MO Williams Lawn Seed* Maryville, Missouri * Gift-in-kind ** Grant-in-aid *** Turf Building Fund

3 Editor s Note We would like to express our gratitude to our industry sponsors for their incredible support of the Mizzou Turfgrass & Ornamental Programs. Without this assistance, we would not be able to build upon our programs, nor be able to function at a research and extension level that this great state of Missouri needs and deserves. We have listed our contributors on the first page of this booklet to signify our appreciation of their support. While we strive to get make this list as comprehensive as possible, please let me or another faculty member know if your organization should be on this list. If an error has occurred, please accept our sincere apology, and we will correct it in the future. Inside this booklet, we hope you will find valuable research and insights that you can bring back to your operation to make it more successful. Whether your operation is a lawn, landscape, golf course, sod farm, nursery, athletic field, (etc., etc.), we would like to assist with your plant health issues. If there is a concern you feel needs to be covered more fully, please don t hesitate to let us know, or me at turfpath@missouri.edu or phone at (573) We hope you have a great day and take something back that will be useful. Sincerely, Dr. Lee Miller Extension Turfgrass Pathologist University of Missouri Division of Plant Sciences Note: Reference to products in this booklet is intended to convey objective, unbiased information and not an endorsement of the product over other similar products with similar results. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services does not imply endorsement by University of Missouri or discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. Other brand names may be labeled for use on turfgrasses. Individuals who use pesticides are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your county's Cooperative Extension agent

4 2011 Turfgrass & Ornamental Field Day July 26 th, 2011: Schedule of Events 7:30 8:30 a.m. Registration, coffee/donuts and exhibitors 8:30 9:00 a.m. Welcome & Introduction: Dr. Lee Miller, Turfgrass Pathology Welcome & Program Update: Dr. Mike Collins, Director of Division of Plant Sciences, Dr. Marc Linit, Associate Dean for Research & Extension, CAFNR Dr. Tom Payne, Vice Chancellor and Dean, CAFNR Welcome & MOTOC Update: Melvin Waldron, MOTOC President 9:00 10:30 a.m. Morning Session I: Visit 3 of 4 topics Presentations last 20 minutes; 10 minute Q&A/Transit time Page # STOP 1 Does convenience = acceptable control? Spray vs. granular fungicide 1-2 applications for control of brown patch in tall fescue. Dr. Lee Miller, Assistant Professor: Turfgrass Pathology STOP 2 STOP 3 STOP 4 New & improved fungicides for dollar spot control on bentgrass. Mr. Dan Earlywine, Research Specialist: Turfgrass Pathology Establishing seeds without weeds; chemical and cultural control options. Mr. Dan Lloyd, Research Specialist: Turfgrass Science Rose Rosette Disease: cause, current status, and management options. Dr. Chris Starbuck, Associate Professor: Woody Ornamentals 10:30 12:00 p.m. Morning Session II: Visit 3 of 4 topics Presentations last 20 minutes; 10 minute Q&A/Transit time STOP 5 How to Conduct an Irrigation Audit. Keith Schweiger: John Deere Landscapes STOP 6 Variation of bentgrass cultivars: general performance and disease tolerance. Dr. Xi Xiong, Assistant Professor: Turfgrass Science STOP 7 Synthetic surface updates - what can you expect? Are synthetics just for athletic fields anymore? What are the current facts and stats? Dr. Brad Fresenburg, Extension Assistant Professor STOP 8 Evaluation of Annual Flower Selections for Dr. David Trinklein, Associate Professor: Floriculture 12:00 12:45 p.m. Lunch (Included), Exhibits, & Raffle 12:45 ~ 3:30 p.m. Offsite Hort./Ornamentals Tour: Shelter Gardens 1:00 3:00 p.m. Afternoon Sessions: Visit all topics Presentations last 20 minutes; 10 minute Q&A/Transit time STOP 9 The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program. What is the present situation and what can we expect in the future? What is new and interesting in turf cultivars? Dr. Brad Fresenburg, Extension Assistant Professor STOP 10 Performance of multiple fungicide programs for continuous summer disease control on creeping bentgrass. Mr. Dan Earlywine, Research Specialist: Turfgrass Pathology STOP 11 Double Down: Interaction of DMI fungicides and Trimmit applications on disease control and quality of putting greens. Dr. Lee Miller, Assistant Professor: Turfgrass Pathology STOP 12 Control of Poa annua on creeping bentgrass green. Mr. John Haguewood, Ryan Sears, GCS, & Isaac Breuer, GCS

5 Turf & Ornamental Field Research Booklet: Table of Contents Research Title Field Day Presentations Pg # Map # * Does Convenience = Acceptable Control? Spray vs. Granular Fungicide Applications for Control of Brown Patch in Tall Fescue New & improved fungicides for dollar spot control on bentgrass Establishing Seeds Without Weeds; Chemical And Cultural Control Options. 5 3 Rose Rosette Disease 6 4 How To Conduct An Irrigation Audit 7 5 Evaluation of Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Variety for Golf Course Fairways Synthetic Turf Research 11 7 Evaluating Herbaceous Ornamentals For Performance In Missouri 12 8 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Trials Performance Of Multiple Fungicide Programs For Continuous Summer Disease Control On Creeping Bentgrass Double Down: Interaction of DMI fungicides and Trimmit applications on disease control and quality of putting greens Control of Poa annua With Bispyribac- sodium On a Creeping Bentgrass Green Research Trial Reports Common Bermudagrass Control in Tall Fescue Pre And Post- Emergent Application Timings With Specticle For Crabgrass Control Spring and Fall Pre- Emergent Applications of Specticle for Crabgrass Control Use of PGRs on Putting Greens to Suppress Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) Seedheads Evaluating Dormant Herbicide Application Timings for Winter Weed Control on Zoysiagrass Control of Zoysiagrass Large Patch Disease Using Mustard Seed Meal Re- evaluating Primo Maxx Application Intervals on Creeping Bentgrass Putting Greens Seeding with Imprelis to prevent weeds Evaluation of Selective Herbicides for Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) Control in Zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) Fairways Investigation of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) Tolerance to AOPP herbicide Fenoxaprop- p- ethyl Tenacity for Renovation 50 Evaluation of Brown Patch Control with Fungicides on Creeping Bentgrass. 51 Evaluation Of Headway G For Control Of Dollar Spot And Brown Patch On Kentucky Bluegrass 52 Evaluation of Alternative Management Practices for Spring Dead Spot Control on Bermudagrass. 53 * Number is referenced on farm map on back cover of the booklet.

6 1 Does Convenience = Acceptable Control? Spray vs. Granular Fungicide Applications for Control of Brown Patch in Tall Fescue Lee Miller & Daniel Earlywine Summary Recently, a number of granular fungicide formulations have been introduced to the market. Granular fungicides are considerably easier to apply than spray applications, and are therefore targeted towards the lawn market. It is not necessary for either homeowners or lawn care operations to purchase and operate specialized equipment, and standard fertilizer spreaders can be used for application. Earlier reports of efficacy of granular products indicate that granulars are slightly less effective than their spray counterparts. However, newer granular formulations seem to be closing this gap in efficacy in recent reports, and need to be further evaluated. Low and high label rates of three QoI or combination DMI/QoI fungicides were applied initially on May 16, and then on 14d or intervals as indicated in the table below. All granular fungicides were watered- in with 0.2 of irrigation after application. Current Findings Nitrogen was applied as urea ( ) at 1 lb N/1000 ft 2 to encourage brown patch infection. Plots were inoculated on June 27 th with 25 ml volume of rye grain infested with R. solani. Mild brown patch symptoms were first observed on plots on June 13, with untreated plots exhibiting severe symptoms by 5 July. No significant differences have been observed between granular treatments and spray treatments. Disarm at the higher rate tended to be more effective as a sprayable formulation than granular on 5 July, but this will need to be confirmed over the length of the study. Brown Patch Severity y Treatment S/G x Rate Interval 6/20/11 7/5/11 Untreated a 12.8 a Heritage Heritage G G 3 lb/1000 ft a 0.3 b Heritage TL S 1 fl oz/1000 ft a 0 b Heritage G G 4 lb/1000 ft a 0.3 b Heritage TL S 2 fl oz/1000 ft a 0.3 b Heritage G G 3 lb/1000 ft 2 14d 1.0 a 0 b Headway Headway G G 3 lb/1000 ft 2 0 a 0 b Headway S 1.5 fl oz/1000 ft a 0.3 b Headway G G 4 lb/1000 ft a 0.3 b Headway S 3 fl oz/1000 ft 2 0 a 0.5 b Disarm Disarm G G 2.3 lb/1000 ft a 1.5 b Disarm 480 SC S 0.18 fl oz/1000 ft a 1.5 b Disarm G G 4.6 lb/1000 ft a 2.3 b Disarm 480 SC S 0.36 fl oz/1000 ft a 0.3 b Pillar G G 3 lb/1000 ft 2 14d 0.3 a 0.3 b Pillar G G 3 lb/1000 ft a 0.3 b Pillar F G 3 lb/1000 ft a 2.0 b Armada WDG S 1.5 oz/1000 ft a 0.3 b Velista S 0.5 oz/1000 ft a 0.3 b Eagle 20 EW S 1.12 fl oz/1000 ft a 0.3 b X S = sprayable formulation. G = granular formulation. y Brown patch severity evaluated as mean % symptomatic area. Means followed by the same letter are not significantly different as determined by Waller- Duncan k- ratio test (k=100) Plot map on next page

7 Disarm G 4.6 lb/m Heritage G 3 lb/m 14d Heritage G 4 lb/m Headway 1.5 fl oz/m Headway G 3 lb/m Pillar F 3 lb/m Disarm SC 0.36 fl oz/m Pillar G 3 lb/m Headway G 4 lb/m Disarm G 2.3 lb/m Armada 1.5 oz/m Eagle 1.1 fl oz/m Disarm SC 0.18 fl oz/m Headway 3 fl oz/m Pillar G 3 lb/m 14d Heritage G 3 lb/m Heritage TL 2 fl oz/m Untreated Headway G 4 lb/m Velista 0.5 oz/m Untreated Velista 0.5 oz/m Heritage TL 2 fl oz/m Disarm G 4.6 lb/m Pillar G 3 lb/m 14d Disarm G 2.3 lb/m Headway G 4 lb/m Headway G 3 lb/m Eagle 1.1 fl oz/m Disarm SC 0.36 fl oz/m Disarm SC 0.18 fl oz/m Heritage G 4 lb/m Heritage G 3 lb/m 14d Armada 1.5 oz/m Headway 1.5 fl oz/m Pillar G 3 lb/m Heritage TL 1 fl oz/m Headway 3 fl oz/m Heritage G 3 lb/m Pillar F 3 lb/m Disarm SC 0.36 fl oz/m Disarm SC 0.18 fl oz/m Velista 0.5 oz/m Heritage TL 2 fl oz/m Disarm G 2.3 lb/m Headway 3 fl oz/m Pillar F 3 lb/m Pillar G 3 lb/m 14d Disarm G 4.6 lb/m Armada 1.5 oz/m Headway G 3 lb/m Heritage TL 1 fl oz/m Heritage G 3 lb/m Heritage G 3 lb/m 14d Pillar G 3 lb/m Headway G 4 lb/m Eagle 1.1 fl oz/m Heritage G 4 lb/m Headway 1.5 fl oz/m Untreated Untreated Heritage G 3 lb/m 14d Heritage TL 1 fl oz/m Heritage G 3 lb/m Heritage G 4 lb/m Heritage TL 2 fl oz/m Headway G 3 lb/m Headway 1.5 fl oz/m Headway G 4 lb/m Headway 3 fl oz/m Disarm SC 0.18 fl oz/m Disarm G 2.3 lb/m Disarm SC 0.36 fl oz/m Disarm G 4.6 lb/m Pillar G 3 lb/m 14d Pillar G 3 lb/m Pillar F 3 lb/m Armada 1.5 oz/m Velista 0.5 oz/m Eagle 1.1 fl oz/m!"#$%&'()*&*+,&"-.&,*/0,1-.&'$0" Plots are 5 10 ft. North 2

8 3 New & improved fungicides for dollar spot control on bentgrass. Daniel Earlywine and Lee Miller Summary Dollar spot is a very common and persistent disease affects many warm and cool- season turfgrasses throughout the world. This trial is to evaluate new fungicides for dollar spot control on a Penncross creeping bentgrass golf green. The trial focuses on differing application intervals and treatment rates for various products. Treatments include BAS F, Curalan, and Emerald applied every 14 d, Tourney every 21 days, and Interface, Chipco 26019, Iprodione Pro 2 every 28 d. Plots were inoculated on 28 May with infested rye grain to test fungicide performance under uniform and severe dollar spot pressure. Current Findings All treatments were initiated on May 6 when dollar spot symptoms first became apparent. On May 26, dollar spot severity was higher in untreated plots and fungicides applied once (21 and 28 d interval) compared to fungicide treatments applied twice (14 d interval). In June, dollar spot pressure increased in untreated plots, while fungicide treatments had significantly lower dollar spot incidence. Not surprisingly, the three fungicides applied on 14 d intervals, BAS F, Curalan EG, and Emerald, provided excellent dollar spot suppression and tended to provide better turf quality than fungicides applied at 21 or 28 d intervals. Treatments following a 28 d interval such as Interface, Chipco 26019, and Iprodione Pro 2 may need to be adjusted to 14 or 21 day intervals in order to provide acceptable dollar spot suppression on creeping bentgrass at putting green height. $ Spot Incidence Turf Quality (# of infection centers) Treatment Rate Interval 5/26/11 6/23/11 5/26/11 6/23/11 Untreated 3.63 e 3.75 e 96.0 a a BAS F 3 fl oz/ 1000 ft 2 14 d 5.63 a 7.88 ab 3.0 g 1.0 e BAS F 3 fl oz/1000 ft 2 21 d 4.88 b 7.88 ab 34.8 def 0.8 e Curalan EG 1 oz/1000 ft 2 14 d 5.75 a 7.63 ab 5.3 fg 0.0 e Curalan EG 1 oz/1000 ft 2 21 d 4.50 bc 7.00 bc 38.3 cde 7.0 de Interface 3 fl oz/1000 ft 2 28 d 4.38 bcd 6.25 cd 51.8 cd 35.3 cd Interface 4 fl oz/1000 ft 2 28 d 4.00 cde 6.00 d 65.8 abc 50.0 c Chipco fl oz/1000 ft 2 28 d 4.13 cde 7.00 bc 59.0 cd 21.0 cde Iprodione Pro 2 4 fl oz/1000 ft 2 28 d 3.88 de 6.25 cd 67.5 abc 30.8 cde Emerald 0.13 oz/1000 ft 2 14 d 4.88 b 7.88 ab 21.0 efg 0.0 e Tourney oz/1000 ft 2 21 d 4.38 bcd 7.75 ab 44.0 cde 2.8 de Plot map on next page

9 North Plots are 5 5 ft. 4

10 5 Establishing Seeds Without Weeds; Chemical And Cultural Control Options. Dan Lloyd and Xi Xiong Summary Establishing turfgrass from seed can be a difficult task with the inherent competition from various weed species. Most herbicides are not recommended for use until over a month after seed germination or until after the first mowing. This can be problematic because at various times of the year weeds can colonize bare ground very quickly and outcompete turfgrass seedlings. There are some newer chemical options that can be used at seeding and there are also some cultural practices that can be used to try to keep down weeds. This demonstration experiment seeks to compare these options for establishing seeds without weeds. Tenacity (mesotrione) and Imprelis (aminocyclopyrachlor) are the two chemical control products used in this seeding trial since they have been proven to be effective and safe at seeding. The cultural practices included are straw and a seeding blanket typical of the kind found at a home improvement store. Roundup (glyphosate) was applied two weeks prior to seeding on one half of each plot to demonstrate how the use of a non- selective herbicide before re- seeding can decrease weed pressure. Since this tactic is not always desirable for renovation projects, the other half of each plot was not sprayed with Roundup prior to re- seeding. Five of the eight treatments were tilled before seeding while three more treatments were left untilled, but were cut low and verticut in two directions to encourage new seed germination. The differences between the tilled and untilled plots are to demonstrate advantages and disadvantages to different strategies for renovation. Fig. 1. Plot map of renovation study; treatments on the bottom represent the product or cultural practice used. One half of the plot area was sprayed with Roundup two weeks before seeding.

11 6 Rose Rosette Disease Chris Starbuck Summary Rose rosette is a fatal disease of plants in the genus Rosa which is caused by a virus- like pathogen, spread (vectored) by a tiny, eriophyid mite (Phyllocoptes fructiphylus). This mite is so small that it requires 30X magnification to see and is easily dispersed on wind currents. The most common host plant is the noxious weed, Rosa multiflora. However, over the past 10 years, there have been increasing reports of rose rosette infecting domesticated roses. Although there may be differences among rose species and cultivars in susceptibility to this disease, most experts believe that no cultivated roses are highly resistant. Unfortunately, this seems to be true of Knockout and some of the other low maintenance shrub roses popular in the landscape trade. While they show excellent resistance to black spot, death from rose rosette disease is all too common. Symptoms of rose rosette disease (RRD) are diverse and bizarre. Initially, the infected plant may have a reddish pigmentation on the leaf veins. Affected shoots may show an abnormally rapid elongation and reddening of the stem and leaves. Gradually, leaves become distorted and there is an abnormal proliferation of shoots and thorns, ultimately leading to a witches broom appearance. Shoots often fail to develop winter hardiness and may, consequently, be killed by freezing injury. Flowers that develop on affected shoots are small and distorted. In some cases, damage from glyphosate exposure can create symptoms that look similar to those of RRD. Unfortunately, there is no cure for RRD. Although infection may start on individual shoots after mite infestation, it becomes systemic, usually causing death of small plants within one or two years. It may be possible to reduce the probability of mite infestation by making weekly applications of pesticides such as carbaryl, horticultural oil or insecticidal soap in May, June and July. Repeated application of carbaryl often leads to outbreaks of spider mites due to elimination of mite predators. Avid is labeled for control of both eriophyid and spider mites on roses. However, the first step in management of RRD should be to remove all multiflora or other wild roses within 100 yards (especially upwind) of uninfected domestic roses. Symptoms of new infections generally start to appear in mid July. Pruning out symptomatic shoots may slow the progression of the disease. However, if there are many uninfected roses in the vicinity, the safest approach is to remove and destroy plants (including roots) that show any symptoms. RRD symptoms: Reddish foliage and stems and excessive elongation, branching and thorns.

12 7 How To Conduct An Irrigation Audit Keith Schweiger Introduction Water efficiency is an escalating concern in regards to maintaining lawns, landscapes, and athletic turf. Irrigation design, efficiency, and maintenance are at the forefront of this issue, and trying to ensure proper scheduling, uniform distribution and delivery of irrigation water are key aspects to maintaining turf grass health while conserving water resources. Routine auditing of irrigation systems can help determine how much water should be delivered, which often correlates directly into how much money is being spent on irrigation, chemicals, and ultimately plant health or quality. Audits also can identify gaps or inefficiencies in an irrigation system that may need to be addressed. Summary The fundamental aspects of conducting an irrigation audit will be presented at this field day stop. The discussion of what you want to achieve, including site inspections, performance testing, and irrigation scheduling will be discussed. A simple and cost efficient method of performing an irrigation audit will be demonstrated, so turf managers can audit their own irrigation systems and maximize their utility and benefit.

13 8 Evaluation of Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) Variety for Golf Course Fairways Xi Xiong, Dan Lloyd and John Haguewood Introduction Creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) is the most commonly used turfgrass species in intensively managed areas, such as golf course putting greens, tees, and fairways. Dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Benntt) disease is the most common and costly disease for golf course superintendents who manage bentgrass fairways. The objective of this study was to evaluate various bentgrass cultivars maintained as a typical golf course fairway for their performance and susceptibility to dollar spot. Cultivar Penncross was included as an industry standard. A total of 23 varieties were established in the field plots in spring 2009 by seeding. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with 3 replications. Turf quality, color, and dollar spot severity were evaluated on a monthly basis. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and means are presented. Current Findings We found that the 23 cultivars exhibited significant differences in turf quality, color, and susceptibility to dollar spot. Turf quality the previous winter, as well as the spring and summer of 2011 are presented in Table 1. During the winter months (December), it was found that all of the varieties achieved similar or higher turf quality compared to the industry standard, Penncross. Cultivar Declaration, SR 1150, and 007 had the highest turf quality ( 7) during the winter compared to the others cultivars. In the spring (March), most of the varieties tested had a turf quality of 6 or above, with only two exceptions, Crenshaw, and Alister, with 5.6 and 5.3 turf quality, respectively. In the early summer (June), it was found that Penncross is one of the best quality cultivars and received a quality reading of 7. Other cultivars that had as good as or higher quality than Penncross were Kingpin, Penn links II, Memorial, and L- 93. The cultivars Crenshaw, Century, and Alister were among the lowest turf quality group and had readings below an acceptable level. Spring color is also a concern for bentgrass fairways. Figure 1 shows the mean color of 23 creeping bentgrass cultivars in the spring of 2011 (March), and ranks them from lowest to highest. It was found that all cultivars evaluated in this study achieved spring color readings at 6 or above, which is similar or higher than Penncross. Examples of cultivars that resulted in darker- green spring colors were T- 1, Independence, Declaration, 007, and LS- 44. Dollar spot incidence was first observed in mid- March, 2011 on the variety Crenshaw and Century. Throughout the growing season, dollar spot was only treated when the entire stand was severely infested and complete stand loss was likely. Dollar spot severity was evaluated as percent plot area coverage and presented in Figure 2. It was found that Crenshaw and Century were the two most susceptible cultivars and more than 75% of plot areas were infested by dollar spot. Penncross, as a older variety, demonstrated relatively good tolerance to dollar spot and 25% of the plot area was infested. As a comparison, some newer varieties, such as A- 4, did not perform well and resulted in 60% of the plot area infested by dollar spot. Among the most resistant cultivars were Kingpin, Penn Links II, SR 1150, and Declaration.

14 9 Table 1. Turf quality (1-9) * of 23 creeping bentgrass varieties maintained as a golf course fairway in winter, spring and summer. Entry Variety Turf Quality (1-9) Winter (December) Spring (March) Summer (June) 1 A Alister Alpha Bengal Century Crenshaw Crystal bluelinks Declaration Imperial Independence Kingpin L LS Mackenzie Memorial oo Penncross Pennlinks II Putter Southshore SR T Tyee LSD ** *Turf quality was visual assessed with 9 represents healthy ideal turf, 1 represents all turfgrass were dead, and 6 represents minimal acceptable quality. **LSD (P 0.05) value for comparison of turf quality within the same time of the year. In summary, creeping bentgrass varieties exhibited significant variations in terms of turf quality, spring color/green- up, and susceptibility to dollar spot. Golf course superintendants are recommended to refer to NTEP results and consult with a local specialist for selection of the best variety of creeping bentgrass for their location.

15 10 Color (1-9) SR 1150 Imperial Penncross Bengal Pennlinks II A- 4 Alister Century Crystal Bluelinks Kingpin L- 93 Memorial Southshore Tyee Creshaw Declaration LS- 44 Mackenzie OO7 Alpha Putter Independence T- 1 Figure 1. Spring color (March) of 23 creeping bentgrass cultivars ranked from the lowest to the highest. Color visual assessment was estimated on a 1-9 scale with 9 represents darker- green color, 1 represents brown, straw- looking color, and 6 represents minimal acceptable color. 100 percent (%) dollar spot coverage Creshaw Century A- 4 Imperial Putter Bengal Independence Mackenzie Alister Alpha Tyee T- 1 Crystal Bluelinks LS- 44 OO7 Penncross Declaration Southshore SR 1150 Memorial L- 93 Kingpin Pennlinks II Figure 2. Dollar spot percent coverage of 23 creeping bentgrasses evaluated in early summer 2011 (June). Cultivars were ranked as the most susceptible to the most resistant from left to right.

16 Sprinturf Shaw Sportexe Field Turf XP AstroTurf MT Shaw Sportexe Sprinturf Field Turf XP AstroTurf 3D Field Turf XP Sprinturf AstroTurf MT Shaw Sportexe AstroTurf 3D Field Turf XP AstroTurf MT Shaw Sportexe Sprinturf AstroTurf 3D Synthetic Turf Research Brad Fresenburg Installed June of 2010, these synthetic turfs will allow us to answer on- going questions about maintenance, hardness, heat, syringing, and bacterial growth. The site provides a randomized block design for conducting research trials as well as having an area for demonstrations (grooming & cleaning equipment, paint and paint removal, etc.). Plots were installed on a 6 inch gravel bed over flat drains. In- fills were topdressed according to the manufacturer s installation guidelines. Initial research on heat began August of 2010 with continued work this summer on maintenance and preliminary pathological trials. This would not have been possible without contributions made by: Paul Hollis, Redexim- Charterhouse Mike Munie, Perfect Play Fields & Links Steve Bohlken, Capital Sand David Coleman, Macon Granuband LLC Jerry Meyer, Laser Turf Leveling 11

17 12 Evaluating Herbaceous Ornamentals For Performance In Missouri David Trinklein Summary Colorful beds of herbaceous ornamental plants have become an important component of the created landscape. This is true for public areas as well as the private residence. Sales of annual flowering plants increase in scope each year, with no end in sight. Many annual herbaceous plants carry the stigma of exhibiting poor performance, especially under severe heat and water stress conditions typical of a Missouri summer. This fact has, in certain cases, prevented them from being more widely used in large- scale planting such as those typical of color beds on golf courses, surrounding commercial buildings, etc. Plant improvement via introduction and breeding results in the availability of many new cultivars each year. Their ability to tolerate Missouri conditions is, in most part, unknown. The purpose of this trial was to evaluate a number of relatively new herbaceous ornamental cultivars for performance under Missouri summer conditions. Thirty- five cultivars representing 13 species of herbaceous ornamental plants (refer to evaluation handout) were transplanted into demonstration plots located at the University of Missouri Turf Research Center located on the South Farm near Columbia, Mo. Trial plants were started from seed or received as established plants and grown to transplantable size in the greenhouse. On May 17, 2011 the plants were established in the outdoor plots which had been amended with fertilizer applied at the rate of 2 pounds per 1000 square feet. Additional nitrogen was supplied on July 5 in the form of side dressing calcium nitrate at the rate of one ounce per individual planting. Plants were supplied with one and one- half inches of water per week when rainfall was insufficient. Weed control was achieved through hand weeding following with an application of Preen. Data was/will be collected for early performance, mid- summer performance, and late season performance using a rating scale of 1-10.

18 13 National Turfgrass Evaluation Program Trials Brad Fresenburg Summary The National Turfgrass Evaluation Program (NTEP)* has been and still is one of the most widely known sources for information on turfgrass species and cultivar selections and evaluations. NTEP is designed to develop and coordinate uniform evaluation trials and now covers 17 species in their program within 40 U.S. states and six provinces of Canada. Results can be used to determine if a cultivar is well adapted to a local area or level of turf maintenance. Each trial is designed to have a specific maintenance program followed during the life of the trial at a particular location. That information can be found on their website. Information such as turfgrass quality, color, density, resistance to diseases and insects, tolerance to heat, cold, drought and traffic is collected and summarized by NTEP annually. NTEP information is used by individuals and companies in thirty countries. Plant breeders, turfgrass researchers and extension personnel use NTEP data to identify improved environmentally- sound turfgrasses. Local and state government entities, such as parks and highway departments, use NTEP for locating resource- efficient varieties. Most important, growers and consumers use NTEP extensively to purchase drought tolerant, pest resistant, attractive and durable seed or sod. It is the acceptance by the end- user that has made NTEP the standard for turfgrass evaluation in the U.S. and many other countries worldwide. *Information from NTEP website. Current Trials Two NTEP trials are being conducted at the University of Missouri Turfgrass Research Facility. They are the 2006 Tall Fescue trial and the 2010 Perennial Ryegrass trial. We are in the final year of the tall fescue trial and NTEP has requested a dry down for this trial from June through August to evaluate drought tolerance. Hopefully mother nature will cooperate. We are in the first season of the perennial ryegrass trial and this trial is scheduled to run for 4 years. Maintenance guidelines: Tall Fescue Trial: Perennial Ryegrass Trial: Mowing height: 2.5 to to 2.5 Nitrogen rate: 0 to 0.25 lb/1000 sqft 0.3 to 0.5 lb/1000 sqft** Irrigation: 50 to 65% potential ET None, only to prevent dormancy Herbicides: Minimal to prevent stand loss Minimal to prevent stand loss Fungicides: None None Insecticides: None None **Per growing month, however not monthly applications, 2-4 applications annually. Attached are plot plans of these two trials. Feel free to look through the numerous cultivars on- site and try to pick your favorites.

19 Tall Fescue NTEP S X X X X 5 plots, RCBD, 3 replications, 114 cultivars (55 X 160 ) Planted: (Sept. 13, 2006)

20 2006 NATIONAL TALL FESCUE TEST Entries and Sponsors Entry Entry Entry No. Name Sponsor No. Name Sponsor No. Name Sponsor *1 Ky- 31 Standard Entry *41 Firecracker LS (MVS- MST) Mountain View Seeds 81 JT- 36 Jacklin Seed by Simplot *2 Spyder LS (Z- 2000) Z- Seeds *42 Mustang 4 (M4) Pickseed 82 JT- 45 Jacklin Seed by Simplot 3 Braveheart(DP ) DLF Trifolium A/S Pickseed 83 JT- 42 Jacklin Seed by Simplot 4 Umbrella (DP ) DLF Trifolium A/S 44 PSG- TTST Smith Seed Services 84 JT- 33 Jacklin Seed by Simplot 5 Cannavaro (DP ) DLF Trifolium A/S 45 Col- 1 Pickseed 85 BGR- TF1 Berger Seed Company 6 Greenbrooks (TG ) DLF Trifolium A/S 46 J- 130 Pickseed 86 BGR- TF2 Berger Seed Company *7 Plato Olsen Seed Company 47 Corona (Col- M) Pickseed *87 Gazelle II (PST- 5HP) Scotts Company *8 Lindbergh Olsen Seed Company 48 Crossfire 3 (Col- J) Pickseed *88 Wolfpack II (PST- 5WMB) Scotts Company *9 Aristotle Olsen Seed Company *49 Hunter LESCO, Inc. *89 AST 7002 Allied Seed LLC *10 Einstein Olsen Seed Company *50 Biltmore LESCO, Inc. *90 AST 7001 Allied Seed LLC *11 Silverado Standard Entry *51 Padre LESCO, Inc. *91 Darlington (CS- TF1) Columbia Seeds *12 Monet (LTP- 610 CL) Lebanon Seaboard Corp. *52 Magellan LESCO, Inc. 92 KZ- 1 KZ Seeds *13 Cezanne Rz (LTP- CRL) Lebanon Seaboard Corp. 53 Catelyst (NA- BT- 1) LESCO, Inc. *93 Renovate (LS- 11) LESCO, Inc. *14 Van Gogh (LTP- RK2) Lebanon Seaboard Corp. 54 Stetson II (NA- SS) LESCO, Inc. *94 Compete (LS- 06) LESCO, Inc. 15 Ninja 3 (ATF 1247) Ampac Seed Company 55 Finelawn Xpress (RP 2) ProSeeds Marketing *95 Hudson (DKS) Smith Seed Services 16 Cochise IV (RKCL) Ampac Seed Company 56 Falcon NG (CE 1) ProSeeds Marketing *96 Reunion (LS- 03) LESCO, Inc. *17 RK 4 Pennington Seed Company *57 Shenandoah Elite (RK 6) ProSeeds Marketing 97 GWTF Grassland Oregon 18 RK 5 Pennington Seed Company *58 Falcon V (ATM) ProSeeds Marketing 98 KZ- 2 KZ Seeds 19 GE- 1 Pennington Seed Company *59 Shenandoah III (SH 3) ProSeeds Marketing *99 AST9002 (AST- 2) Allied Seed LLC 20 LS 1200 (SC- 1) Lewis Seed Company 60 BAR Fa 6363 Barenbrug USA *100 AST9001 (AST- 3) Allied Seed LLC 21 ATF 1328 Lewis Seed Company 61 BAR Fa 6253 Barenbrug USA *101 RNP Pennington Seed Company *22 Skyline Burlingham Seeds *62 Talladega (RP 3) Columbia Seeds 102 AST1001 (AST- 4) Allied Seed LLC *23 Hemi Burlingham Seeds *63 Tahoe II Columbia Seeds *103 AST7003 Allied Seed LLC *24 Turbo RZ (Burl- TF8) Burlingham Seeds WALK Oregro Seeds *104 AST9003 (AST- 1) Allied Seed 15

21 LLC *25 Turbo Burlingham Seeds *65 Escalade Oregro Seeds 105 J- 140 Pickseed *26 Bullseye Burlingham Seeds DUST Oregro Seeds *106 Pedigree (ATF- 1199) Pennington Seed Company 27 Trio (IS- TF- 152) Ampac Seed Company *67 Honky Tonk (RAD- TF17) Radix Research *107 Justice Standard Entry 28 Sidewinder (IS- TF- 138) Ampac Seed Company 68 PSG- 85QR Pickseed Genetics *108 Rebel IV Standard Entry 29 Rocket (IS- TF- 147) DLF International Seeds 69 STR- 8GRQR Seed Research of Oregon *109 3rd Millennium SRP Turf Merchants, Inc. 30 Jamboree (IS- TF- 128) DLF International Seeds 70 PSG- 82BR Pickseed Genetics *110 Traverse SPR (RK- 1) Turf Merchants, Inc. *31 Toccoa (IS- TF- 151) Columbia Seeds *71 Faith (K06- WA) The Scotts Company *111 Rhambler SRP (Rhambler Turf Merchants, Inc. 32 Terrier (IS- TF- 135) DLF International Seeds 72 GO- 1BFD Grassland Oregon *112 Firenza Integra Seeds *33 Raptor II (MVS- TF- 158) Mountain View Seeds *73 SR 8650 (STR- 8LMM) Seed Research of Oregon *113 Falcon IV Standard Entry 34 IS- TF- 159 Grassland Oregon 74 STR- 8BB5 Seed Research of Oregon 35 GARRISON (IS- TF- 153) DLF International Seeds *75 Tulsa Time (Tulsa III) Seed Research of Oregon *36 Essential (IS- TF- 154) DLF International Seeds 76 PSG- RNDR Smith Seed Services 37 Fat Cat (IS- TF- 161) DLF International Seeds 77 PSG- TTRH Smith Seed Services 38 MVS- 341 Mountain View Seeds *78 Speedway (STR- 8BPDX) Seed Research of Oregon 39 MVS Mountain View Seeds *79 Rembrandt Standard Entry *40 Titanium LS (MVS- BB- 1) Mountain View Seeds 80 JT- 41 Jacklin Seed by Simplot * COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE IN THE USA IN

22 NTEP Perennial Ryegrass N X 5 plots, RCBD, 3 replications, 88 cultivars (40 X 165 ) Planted: Oct. 1, 2010

23 2010 NATIONAL PERENNIAL RYEGRASS TEST Entries and Sponsors Entry No. Name Sponsor Entry No. Name Sponsor 1 Rinovo Semillas Fito 46 ISG- 31 Integrated Seeds 2 CL The Scotts Company 47 A- 35 Allied Seeds 3 PR 909 Turf Merchants, Inc. 48 CS- PR66 Columbia Seeds 4 CL Turf Merchants, Inc. 49 CST Columbia Seeds 5 APR 2036 Brett Young Seeds Ltd. 50 JR- 178 Jacklin Seed by Simplot 6 Linn Standard Entry 51 JR- 192 Jacklin Seed by Simplot 7 Uno Standard Entry 52 PSRX Pickseed USA & Seed Research of OR 8 DLF LGD DLF International Seeds 53 Pick Pickseed USA, Inc. 9 DLF LGD DLF International Seeds 54 Mach I Standard Entry 10 PSRX- S84 Pickseed USA & Seed Research of OR 55 RAD- PR62 Radix Research 11 SRX- 4RHD Seed Research of Oregon 56 RAD- PR55R Lewis Seed 12 P02 Novel AG 57 IS- PR 409 Brett Young Seeds Ltd. 13 S85 Novel AG 58 IS- PR 463 DLF International Seeds 14 LTP- RAE Lebanon Turf Products 59 IS- PR 469 DLF International Seeds 15 Allante Ledeboer Seed/Pro- Turf Solutions- OVS 60 IS- PR 479 DLF International Seeds 16 Insight Ledeboer Seed/Pro- Turf Solutions- OVS 61 IS- PR 487 DLF International Seeds 17 Sienna Ledeboer Seed/Pro- Turf Solutions- OVS 62 IS- PR 488 DLF International Seeds 18 Brightstar SLT Standard Entry 63 IS- PR 489 DLF International Seeds 19 CL 307 Pennington Seed Company 64 IS- PR 491 DLF International Seeds 20 APR 2320 Pennington Seed Company 65 IS- PR 492 DLF International Seeds 21 APR 2038 Smith Seed Services 66 DLF LGT 4182 DLF International Seeds 22 PPG- PR 121 Ampac Seed Company 67 ISG- 30 Integrated Seeds 23 PPG- PR 128 Integra Turf, Inc. 68 PST- 204D Landmark Native Seeds 24 PPG- PR 133 Mountain View Seeds 69 PST- 2NKM Landmark Native Seeds 25 PPG- PR 134 Mountain View Seeds 70 PST- 2DR9 Pure- Seed Testing 26 LTP- PR 135 Lebanon Turf Products 71 PST- 2MG7 Pure- Seed Testing 27 PPG- PR 136 Lewis Seed 72 PST- 2TQL Pure- Seed Testing 28 PPG- PR 137 Columbia Seeds 73 PST- 2AG4 Brett Young Seeds Ltd. 29 PPG- PR 138 Ampac Seed Company 74 PST- 2MAGS Turf Merchants, Inc. 18

24 30 PPG- PR 140 Mountain View Seeds 75 PST- 2K9 The Scotts Company 31 PPG- PR 142 Peak Plant Genetics 76 PST- 2BNS Pure- Seed Testing 32 PPG- PR 143 Columbia Seeds 77 PST- 2ACR Pure- Seed Testing 33 PPG- PR 164 Mountain View Seeds 78 Rio Vista Burlingham Seeds 34 PPG- PR 165 Peak Plant Genetics 79 Octane Burlingham Seeds 35 BAR Lp Barenbrug USA 80 Bonneville Burlingham Seeds 36 BAR Lp Barenbrug USA 81 PSRX- 4CAGL Pickseed USA & Seed Research of OR 37 BAR Lp Barenbrug USA 82 GO- DHS Grassland Oregon 38 2NJK Barenbrug USA 83 GO- PR60 Grassland Oregon 39 BAR Lp 7608 Barenbrug USA 84 GM3 Landmark Native Seeds 40 Pinnacle Standard Entry 85 PRX- 4GM1 Pickseed USA & Seed Research of OR 41 APR 2445 ProSeeds Marketing 86 SRX- 4MSH Seed Research of Oregon 42 Fiesta 4 Standard Entry 87 Pick 4DFHM Pickseed USA, Inc. 43 GO- G37 Grassland Oregon 88 Palmer V Standard Entry 44 CS- 20 Columbia Seeds 45 ISG- 36 Integrated Seeds UPDATED 9/10/10 19

25 20 Performance Of Multiple Fungicide Programs For Continuous Summer Disease Control On Creeping Bentgrass Daniel Earlywine and Lee Miller Summary Fungicide programs are designed to control a wide variety of diseases throughout the year. Rotating fungicides with different chemistries and modes of action can provide better control of diseases, and decrease incidence of fungicide resistance. This trial is designed to evaluate different fungicide programs for managing diseases throughout the summer on a Penn A4 creeping bentgrass putting green. Fungicide applications were initiated on 21 April for program 5 and 6, 4 May for program 7, and 18 May for program 1, 2, 3, and 4. Fungicide applications continue every 14 days until late August to early September. Current Findings Initial dollar spot symptoms were observed by 4 May. By 18 May, reductions in dollar spot were observed in plots treated by programs 5, 6 (Initiated on 21 April) and 7 (initiated on 4 May) compared to programs 1-4 where no applications had been made. Although dollar spot was significantly lower than the untreated control for programs 1-4 from 25 May to 1 June, disease severity wouldn t be considered acceptable on a putting green. After 1 June, no differences in disease suppression have been observed among the fungicide programs. Turf quality also showed similar trends with only minimal differences between programs on June 1. On June 22, brown patch was observed in untreated plots with no brown patch symptoms occurring in any program plots. UTC Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 Program 4 Program 5 Program 6 Program 7 # $ Spot Infection Centers per Plot /18 5/25 6/1 6/8 6/15 6/22 6/29 Dates Plot map and treatment list on next two pages

26 Program 1 Program 6 Program 4 Program 3 Program 5 Program 2 Untreated Program 7 Program 3 Program 7 Program 2 Program 1 Untreated Program 5 Program 6 Program 4 Program 6 Program 3 Program 4 Untreated Program 5 Program 7 Program 1 Program 2 Untreated Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 Program 4 Program 5 Program 6 Program 7 Plot Size is 5 X 5 ft. North Program 1 Program 2 Program 3 Program 4 Treatment Rate/M Treatment Rate/M Treatment Rate/M Treatment Rate/M Application Date Honor 1.1 oz Headway 3.0 fl oz Disarm fl oz Tartan 2.0 fl oz May 18 Insignia 0.9 fl oz Heritage 2.0 oz Eagle SC fl oz + Compass 0.25 oz June 1 Disarm SC 0.36 fl oz Spectro oz Spectro oz Spectro oz Spectro oz June 15 Signature oz + Signature oz + Signature oz + Signature oz + June 29 Daconil 3.2 oz Daconil 3.2 oz Daconil 3.2 oz Daconil 3.2 oz Insignia 0.9 fl oz Heritage 2.0 oz Disarm 0.36 fl oz Compass 0.25 oz July 13 Signature oz + Signature oz + Signature oz + Signature oz + July 27 Daconil 3.2 oz Daconil 3.2 oz Daconil 3.2 oz Daconil 3.2 oz Chipco 26 GT 4.0 fl oz Chipco 26 GT 4.0 fl oz Chipco 26 GT 4.0 fl oz Chipco 26 GT 4.0 fl oz August 10 Honor 1.1 oz Headway 3.0 fl oz Disarm M 1.0 fl oz Tartan 2.0 fl oz August 24 21

27 Program 5 Program 6 Program 7 Treatment Rate/M Treatment Rate/M Application Date Treatment Rate/M Application Date Bayleton Flo 1.0 fl oz Bayleton Flo 1.0 fl oz April 21 Signature oz + Signature + 4.0oz + May 18 Headway 3.0 fl oz May 4 Triton Flo 0.5 fl oz Triton Flo 0.5 fl oz Daconil Action 3.6 fl oz May 18 Signature oz + Signature oz + June 1 Concert II 4.5 fl oz June 1 Interface 4.0 fl oz Interface 4.0 fl oz Reserve fl oz + Reserve fl oz + June 15 Renown 4.5 fl oz + June 15 Honor 0.83 oz Honor 0.83 oz Medallion oz Signature oz + Signature oz + June 29 Daconil Action fl oz June 29 Daconil 3.2 oz Interface 9.38 fl oz Subdue Maxx 1.0 fl oz Signature + Honor 4.0 oz oz Signature + Daconil 4.0 oz oz July 13 Signature + Daconil 4.0 oz oz Signature + Honor 4.0 oz oz July 13 Heritage TL + Daconil Action + Subdue Maxx July 27 Medallion + Daconil Action + Subdue Maxx 2.0 fl oz 3.6 fl oz 1.0 fl oz 0.25 oz 3.6 fl oz 1.0 fl oz July 27 Signature oz + Signature oz + August 10 Renown 4.5 fl oz August 10 Interface 4.0 fl oz Interface 4.0 fl oz Reserve fl oz Reserve fl oz August 24 Daconil Action 3.6 fl oz August 24 Tartan 2.0 fl oz Tartan 2.0 fl oz September 7 Headway 1.5 fl oz September 7 22

28 23 Double Down: Interaction of DMI fungicides and Trimmit applications on disease control and quality of putting greens Lee Miller & Daniel Earlywine Summary Recent research found two early spring applications of the DMI fungicides significantly suppress fairy ring on creeping bentgrass putting greens. For those that use paclobutrazol for spring suppression of Poa annua populations in their greens, this can cause a significant problem since the DMI fungicides have a similar chemistry and can also be potent growth regulators. This study was initiated to 1) evaluate the potential negative impacts of applying paclobutrazol (Trimmit) with the DMIs during the spring, 2) examine methods of scheduling paclobutrazol in coordination with DMI applications, and 3) investigate residual efficacy of spring DMI applications on diseases of creeping bentgrass. Treatments included an untreated check, two 28 d applications of: Trimmit alone, four DMI fungicides alone, tank mixtures of the two, and Trimmit applied 7 & 14 days after the DMI application. The experiment was replicated on Penncross and Penn A- 4 to evaluate potential cultivar differences. Current Findings Phytotoxicity (bronzing discoloration) was first noted in plots on 23 May after the second DMI fungicide application was made on 20 May. Plots treated twice with paclobutrazol (Trimmit: 16 fl oz/a) or DMI fungicides alone exhibited significantly less phytotoxicity than a tank mixture or subsequent 7 or 14 d paclobutrazol application. The last Trimmit application was made on 3 June, during the warmest early June period in Columbia since These plots tended to have higher phytotoxicity than other plots, indicating heat stress was a major factor in the phytotoxic response, and Trimmit applied in conjunction with the DMIs should be scheduled earlier in the season. Dollar spot incidence was first observed on both plots on 13 May. Dollar spot incidence has been significantly lower in all DMI fungicide treated plots, and was statistically lower in Bayleton FLO treated plots as opposed to the other three fungicides. Phytotoxicity x $ Spot Incidence (# of infection centers) 6/8/11 5/20/11 6/23/11 Treatment Penncross A4 Penncross A4 Penncross A4 Untreated 0.63 h 0.75 d 66.3 a 55.0 b 152 a 151 b Trimmit Alone (16 fl oz/a) 1.3 fgh 1.0 cd 65.8 a a 160 a 182 a (0.6 fl oz/1000 ft 2 ) Alone 1.4 e- h 1.5 bcd 16.8 b 21.5 cde 60.3 b 68.5 de Tank- mixed with Trimmit 2.3 a- d 2.0 abc 6.5 b 11.0 de 21.5 d- h 52.8 d- g Trimmit 7 d later 1.9 c- g 1.5 bcd 8.3 b 16.5 cde 19 e- h 59.0 def Trimmit 14 d later 2.5 abc 2.25 ab 3.8 b 7.0 e 16.3 fgh 28.0 ghi Bayleton FLO (1 fl oz/1000 ft 2 ) Alone 1.9 c- g 1.6 bcd 5.5 b 20.3 cde 7.0 gh 27.5 ghi Tank- mixed with Trimmit 2.8 ab 2.0 abc 8.3 b 6.8 e 5.3 gh 8.5 i Trimmit 7 d later 1.9 c- g 2.8 a 5.8 b 17.0 cde 3.8 h 22.3 hi Trimmit 14 d later 2.9 a 2.4 ab 6.0 b 9.0 e 3.5 h 11.5 i Tourney (0.28 oz/1000 ft 2 ) Alone 1.6 d- g 1.5 bcd 5.3 b 40.0 bc 58.0 b 113 c Tank- mixed with Trimmit 1.6 d- g 1.6 bcd 7.3 bc 14.5 cde 59.5 b 71.8 de Trimmit 7 d later 2.0 b- f 2.1 ab 5.0 c 8.8 e 43.3 bcd 47.3 e- h Trimmit 14 d later 2.5 abc 2.1 ab 8.3 bc 15.8 cde 27.3 d- g 54 d- g Trinity (1 fl oz/1000 ft 2 ) Alone 1.3 fgh 1.6 bcd 10.3 bc 35.5 bcd 28.0 c- g 79.3 d Tank- mixed with Trimmit 2.1 a- e 2.1 ab 14.5 bc 18.5 cde 54.5 b 58.5 def Trimmit 7 d later 2.3 a- d 2.0 abc 14.3 bc 12.8 de 40.8 b- e 59.8 de Trimmit 14 d later 2.0 b- f 1.5 bcd 33.5 b 17.0 cde 51.0 bc 60.5 de X Phytotoxicity measured on a 0-9 scale. 0 = green turf, 2-3 = significant bronzing, 9 = total turf loss Plot map on next page