Complete feed for fish larvae and method for preparing same

Transcription

1 Afficher cette page en : Français traduire2 Désactiver pour : Anglais Options Connexion Brevets Français Anglais Rechercher de l'art antérieur Discuter de cette demande Complete feed for fish larvae and method for preparing same WO A1 RÉSUMÉ Numéro de publication WO A1 Type de publication Demande Numéro de demande PCT/FR2000/ Date de publication 2 nov Date de dépôt 21 avr Date de priorité 21 avr The invention concerns a complete feed composition for fish larvae, characterised in that it has a phospholipid content not less than 8.5 wt. % of dry matter of said feed. Autre référence de publication Inventeurs CA A1, DE D1, EP A1, EP B1, US Jose Zambonino, Chantal Cahu, Patrick Quazuguel, Pierre Bergot Déposant Agronomique Inst Nat Rech, 5 autre(s)» DESCRIPTION Langue du texte original : Français Complete food for fish larvae and method of preparation. The present invention relates to a complete feed composition for fish larvae, and its preparation process. Currently, the production of fish fry, especially marine fish, must contain a phase Exporter la citation BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan Citations de brevets (7), Citations hors brevets (5), Référencé par (1), Classifications (15), Événements juridiques (13) Liens externes: Patentscope, Espacenet REVENDICATIONS (1) Langue du texte original : Français of feeding live prey such as rotifers and Artemia. The duration of use live prey during a production cycle of fry in hatcheries varies from marine fish species. This period is generally 40 to 50 days and can reach sixty days for the fish species raised in Europe Using a substitute feed for living prey, says weaning food, intervenes subsequently, gradually and generally beyond forty days after hatching. The use of live prey, especially ύartemia in food fry in hatcheries has many disadvantages. The need to use a secondary breeding structure in order to produce the living prey for the fry food represents a first drawback of both industrial and economic. Second, the quality of live prey and procurement opportunities live prey are random and very variable depending on the year. It goes without saying that the quality of live prey has direct consequences on the level of growth and survival of fry fed them. It has been determined that the use of a substitute feed for living prey could have many advantages, mainly because of ease of conservation and storage, greater reproducibility in the quality fry food intake and consequently a greater regularity of quantitative and qualitative results in the breeding of fish larvae. Some attempts at achieving food compositions used as partial or total substitutes for living prey have been described in the prior art. The French patent application published under No describes a food composition for fish larvae to partially replace the live prey. It includes egg yolk powder dried in admixture with a liquid lipid at room temperature. Other food substitutes are described in the first article of CAHU et al. (1998, Aquaculture, vol 169, pages 1-7.), Comparing three feed substitutes from the point of view of their ability to ensure the survival and growth of two types of fish: bass and carp. The results show that the substitute composition having the best properties on the level of growth and survival of fry has a protein intake including, in equal parts, powdered yeast (Protibel) and a fish protein hydrolyzate (respectively 40 % by weight of the dry matter of the composition), soy lecithin in an amount of 5% by weight of dry matter, and a fat intake in the form of 2% by weight of fish oil. The authors of this article, although the feed substitute concerned be the best of three substitutes tested, these nutritional properties are not satisfactory enough to consider using it as a replacement for live prey. Another article in CAHU et al. (1999, Aquaculture, vol. 171, pages ) describes four feed substitutes for alevins, respectively designated HO, H19, 1. CLAIMS I. Complete feed composition for fish larvae, characterized in that it has a phospholipid content of at least 8.5% by weight of the dry material of said feed. 2. Composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the phospholipid content is between 8.5 and 25% by weight of dry matter, particularly between 10 and 20% by weight of dry matter. 3. Composition according to one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that it has a phospholipid content from vegetal origin at least equal to 6% of the dry matter of the food. 4. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a total fat content greater than 25% by weight of dry matter. 5. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises a total protein content of between 40 and 60% by weight of dry matter, preferably equal to about 50% by weight of dry matter. 6. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a hydrolyzed protein content of between 8 and 25% by weight of dry matter, more particularly between 10 and 22%, and preferably equal to about 14% by weight of dry matter. 7. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it further comprises a vitamin additive blend. 8. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it further comprises a mineral additive blend. 9. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises a palatability factor, such as betaine. 10. Composition according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it has a water content less than 14% by weight of the final composition. II. Composition according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the following constitution: 1 sur 7 11/10/15 19:32

2 The authors propose to bring some of the protein not only in the form of fish meal, but also as a hydrolyzate prepared fish protein at a rate of 19%, 38.5% and 58% in dry weight H substitutes for respectively 19, H38 and H58. These food substitutes were tested only on bass larvae which were fed with one or the other of these four compositions from the fifth day following the opening of the mouth. (Day 10 after hatching). Experimental results show that the H19 preparation has the best nutritional qualities, from the point of view of the survival rate of larvae from the point of view of growth and quality (bone malformation rate and larvae maturity). The H19 substitute composition includes, as a percentage by weight of dry matter, 58% of fish meal, 19% of soluble protein concentrate fish, 5% soy lecithin, 4% fish oil, 8 % of a vitamin additive and 5% of an inorganic additive. This article has determined that the optimal content of soluble fish protein concentrate, the only variable parameter of the various feed substitute compositions tested in this article, was 19%. The authors concluded that incorporating the fish protein hydrolyzate to the precise proportion is able to increase the quality of larvae estimated by observing the rate of skeletal malformations. It has now been found according to the invention that the phospholipid content of compositions for feeding larval fish, especially marine fish, is an essential characteristic in view of nutritional qualities of such compositions, especially in for their ability to maintain a high survival rate in fish larvae, ensure these larvae a high growth rate, and allow obtaining a high quality fry population, with a special rate bottom skeletal malformation and a high degree of physiological maturity. The invention relates to a complete mixed feed composition for fish larvae, characterized in that it has a phospholipid content of at least 8.5% by weight of the dry matter of said composition. According to the invention, it has been shown that a higher intake of phospholipids in the compositions of the prior art is essential to achieve a complete food providing survival and growth of larvae equivalent to or better than obtained with live prey such as rotifers and Artemia. The phospholipids are present in the yolk of the egg that is used by the fish embryo for its development until it is able to ingest exogenous food. They are also present in living prey. Phospholipids are also to be made in sufficient quantities in the complete feed for fish larvae whereas such a supply is not compulsory in food for adult fish. The complete feed of the phospholipid content of the invention is between 8.5 and 25% by weight of dry matter of the feed, preferably between 10 and 20%. According to one aspect of the invention, a final content greater than 8.5% of total phospholipids in the foodstuff is guaranteed by the addition of at least 6% of phospholipids of vegetable origin are added to the phospholipids optionally contributed by the other ingredients. 12. Complete feed for fish larvae made of granules consisting of a composition according to one of claims 1 to A food according to Claim 15, characterized in that the granule size is less than 600µm, the different fractions size being microns, µm, µm and less than 120 microns. 14. A method for preparing a complete feed according to one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) obtaining a paste by mixing water and at least three raw materials in the following proportions: (I) fish meal in a proportion of 50 to 65% by weight of the final mixture; (Ii) fish soluble protein concentrate in a proportion of 8 to 25% by weight of the final mixture; (Iii) soya lecithin in a proportion of 7 to 25% by weight of the final mixture; b) wet granulation of the paste thus obtained in the form of filaments; c) Freezing of the low temperature paste of filaments, preferably with liquid nitrogen; d) crushing and / or grinding the frozen paste filaments, resulting in granules; e) sieving the granules obtained in the crushing step. 15. The method of claim 14, characterized in that, during step a) mixture, water is added in an amount of 10 to 15% by weight of the mixture. 16. A method according to one of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that step b) granulation is followed by a drying step in order to adjust the filament water content to a value less than 14%, preferably to a value between 7 and 10%, and most preferably to a value of about 8%. 17. A method of breeding fish larvae, characterized in that the larvae are fed in an amount of 1 to 4g per day and per 2500 larvae, with a complete feed according to one of Claims 12 and 13. Can be used lecithins of plant origin, such as soybean lecithin, or lecithin from other oilseed plants, such as sunflower or rapeseed. It is specified that the term lecithin refers to lipid mixtures in which the phospholipids represent more than 50% of total lipids. The most abundant classes of phospholipids in lecithins are phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The commercial lecithins may present with a variable richness in phospholipids, particularly in oiled form (about 90% of phospholipids) or slack (about 50% of phospholipids). Thus, the addition of 6% of phospholipids can be carried out both by the addition of 7% of lecithin to 90%) of phospholipids by the addition of 12% of lecithin to 50% of phospholipids. Vegetable lecithins contain fatty acids, C18 fatty acid series essential n-3 and n-6 (linoleic acid; 18: 2n-6 and linolenic acid: 18: 3n-3) but are devoid of polyunsaturated fatty acids C20 and C22, in particular arachidonic acid (20: 4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20: 5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22: 6n-3). This does not limit the use of lecithins because these fatty acids may be made, irrespective of the lecithins added, by the other ingredients of the food. This contribution can be in the form of triglycerides or phospholipids, using in particular products from fish such as fish oils or fish meal. The complete feed composition of the invention contains a contribution of neutral lipids, from fish meal and containing long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in particular the series (n-3). The series of fatty acids (n-3) representing 2.5%) by weight of the dry matter in the feed according to the invention. Given this potential additional intake of fatty acids, the fatty acid composition of lecithins is not critical and modified lecithins such as hydrogenated lecithins can also be used. According to another aspect of the invention, the total lipid content of 5 the feed is greater than 25% by weight of the dry matter. The presence of a sufficient amount of phospholipids in the foodstuff, besides its specific interest, improves the digestibility of the other lipid components of the food and in particular that of the neutral lipids and in particular of triglycerides. One of the advantages of increasing the fat content of foods IO is to increase their content of digestible energy for meeting energy needs of the larvae. 2 sur 7 11/10/15 19:32

3 It has been shown according to the invention that a feed composition containing, in one aspect of the invention, 17% of non-defatted soybean lecithin (% of dry matter of the food) and having a content of 15 total phospholipids by 12% (corresponding to about 9% from 3% lecithin and other ingredients from the food) ensured the survival and growth well above those achieved in the prior art the H19 substitute mentioned above. In addition, it was demonstrated that the results of survival and 20 growth obtained with food according to the invention are equivalent or superior to those obtained with live prey, that is to say with rotifers during the first days of feeding with Artemia and in the following days. In another aspect, the content of non-fish protein 25 hydrolyzed the complete feed composition according to the invention is greater than 50% by weight of dry matter. The contribution of non-hydrolysed protein is preferably made of fish meal entering the complete feed composition in an amount of 45 to 60% by weight of the dry matter, is in an entirely 30 is preferably about 56% by weight of the dry matter. According to another aspect of the invention, the complete feed composition further comprises a hydrolyzed protein content, preferably in the form of a fish soluble protein concentrate, between 8 and 25%, preferably between 10 and 22 %, and most preferably about 14% by weight of the dry matter of the composition. Advantageously, a composition for the preparation of a complete feed for fish larvae according to the invention will further comprise a vitamin additive. One can for example implement a vitamin mixture, the vitamin composition in terms of kilo vitamin mixture is: retinol acetate (1g); cholecalciferol (2.5 mg); acetate, all-rac-α-tocopherol (10g); menadione (1 g); thiamine (1 g); riboflavin (0.4 g); pentothénate D-calcium (2g); Pyridoxine HCl (0.3 g); cyanocobalamin (1g); Niacin (1 g); choline chloride (200g); ascorbic acid (20g); folic acid (0.1 g); biotin (1g); and meso-inositol (30 g). The complete feed composition for fish larvae according to the invention may further comprise a mineral additive. Preferably, such a mineral additive is a mineral mixture of following composition, expressed per kilogram of mineral mix: KCI (90g); KI (40 mg); CaHPO 4.2H 2 O (500 g); NaCl (40 g); CuSO 4 5H 2 0 (3g); ZnSO 4 7H 2 O (4g); CoSO 4.7H 2 O (20 mg); FeSO 4 7H 2 O (20g); MnSO 4 H 2 O (3g); CaCO 3 (215g); MgSO 4 7H 2 O (124g) and NaF (1g). The vitamin and mineral compounds of the complete feed composition according to the invention may be qualitatively and quantitatively adapted to the final contents of vitamins and minerals resulting from the contribution of other raw materials used in the preparation of this composition such as the vitamin and mineral sources of protein, lipids and phospholipids. Advantageously, the complete feed composition according to the invention may further comprise small amounts of palatability enhancers such as betaine. Preferably, such palatability enhancers to be used in the compositions according to the invention at 0.5 to 3% by weight of dry matter, for example from about 1% by weight of dry matter. In addition, the final water content of the complete feed composition for fish larvae according to the invention is not greater than 14% by weight of the composition, and is preferably between 7 and 10% by weight and so is most preferably about 8% by weight of the final composition. Entirely preferably, a complete feed composition according to the invention has the following composition, expressed by weight of dry matter: TABLE I According to another aspect of the invention, such a composition has the following composition, expressed by weight of dry matter: Total protein (N x 6.25) 56% Total Phospholipids: 12% Total fat: 26% Ash: 14% The complete feed composition for fish larvae according to the invention can advantageously be used to prepare a complete mixed feed for feeding fish larvae presented in the form of defined particle size granules. Preferably, the size of complete mixed feed pellets is such that the largest dimension is less than 600µm. The size of the granules can be adjusted to prepare a complete mixed feed suitable for larval fish of different ages or for species of fish larvae of different sizes. Thus, according to a first embodiment of the complete mixed feed for fish larvae according to the invention, the granule size is between 400 and 600 microns. According to a second aspect of the complete mixed feed according to the invention, the granule size is between 200 and 400 microns. According to a third aspect of the complete mixed feed for fish larvae, the granule size is between 120 and 3 sur 7 11/10/15 19:32

4 Finally, in a fourth aspect of the complete mixed feed for fish larvae according to the invention, the granule size is less than 120 microns. The complete mixed feed for fish larvae described above, has nourishing qualities that intends it to extensive use, that is to say, both to feed freshwater fish and marine fish. Preferably, the complete mixed feed for fish larvae according to the invention is intended to feeding sea water fishes of whatever origin. It is indeed not only adapted to feeding European fishes such as bars, sea bream or the turbot, but also the breeding of exotic fish feed such as lates or red drum. The complete mixed feed for fish larvae according to the invention nutritive qualities such that it allows a survival rate of larvae and a further growth rate ever achieved and producing larvae having a rate of morphological defects particularly low and an exceptional degree of maturity, compared to the feed substitutes described in the state of the art. The invention further relates to a process for preparing a complete mixed feed for fish larvae, said method being characterized in that it comprises the following steps: a) obtaining a paste by mixing water and at least three raw materials in the following proportions: (I) fish meal in a proportion of 50 to 65% by weight of the final mixture; ii) concentrated soluble fish protein in amount of 8 to 25% by weight of the final mixture; iii) soya lecithin in amounts of 7 to 25% by weight of the final mixture; b) granulation of the paste thus obtained in the form of filaments; c) Freezing of the low temperature paste filaments, preferably at a temperature below -80 C; d) crushing the frozen paste filaments in step c); e) sieving the granules obtained in the crushing step. The grinding or crushing step of the extruded filaments is particularly facilitated due to prior freezing step. Indeed, the initial paste resulting from the water added raw materials mixture has a high concentration of lipids, which has the effect of clogging the grinding and the sieve used to make food particles. On the contrary, the prior freezing allows to make the original composition in solid and friable form particularly suitable for crushing and sieving steps. The method according to the invention is further characterized in that water is added at the time of the initial mixture of step a), from 10 to 15% by weight of the mixture. This particular step is operable to allow the bonding of particles of the various raw material components to obtain a homogeneous paste at the end of the initial stage mixture. The method according to the invention advantageously further comprises a drying step of the paste filaments obtained after step b) granulation to adjust the water content of the composition of the filaments to a value less than 14%, preferably to a value between 7 and 10%, and most preferably to a value of about 8%. The drying step can be advantageously carried out at a temperature of 50 C for 20 minutes. The drying step precedes the step of freezing; It is preferably performed after step b) to wet granulation. The invention further relates to a method for rearing fish larvae, characterized in that the larvae are fed at the rate of 1 to 4 g per day per 2500 larvae, with the complete feed above-described. The invention will be further illustrated, without being limited, by the following figures and examples. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES Figure 1: Growth of bass larvae fed with live prey or food substitutes. In ordinates: larvae weight expressed in mg of wet material; X-axis: larvae age expressed in number of days after hatching. The growth was monitored from day 9 until day 40 after hatching for larvae fed from day 9 to day 40 exclusively live prey (Artemia), a complete feed composition according to the invention or the H19 composition of the prior art (CAHU et al., 1999). Each point represents the result of the mean ± standard deviation of 4 lots of 10 larvae. Figure 2: Study of the larvae survival at day 40. In ordinates: larvae survival rate expressed in percentages of living larvae calculated as the ratio of living larvae at day 40 the number of living larvae at day 2 after hatching. The survival rate was determined for larvae fed exclusively with living prey (Artemia), a feed substitute of the state of the art H19 and composition of the invention for complete food according to the invention. Each point represents the result of the mean ± standard deviation of 4 lots. EXAMPLES Example 1 Preparation of a complete mixed feed for fish of the invention. At first, the raw materials used, and in particular fishmeal were sieved prior to mixing, so as to obtain particles of each raw material having a size less than 160 microns. The raw materials are the following: fish meal flour is sold under the name NORSE LT94, high protein content to 78% by weight of dry matter, and marketed by the Company NORSILDMEL. soluble fish protein concentrate (fish protein hydrolyzate) is the CPSP special G, sold by the company SOPROPECHE. soybean lecithin used, known as the reference D10, is marketed by the SAPA-DAFA Company. betaine hydrochloride is in the form of a purity greater than 99% and is marketed under the reference B3501 by Sigma. the vitamin blend used is sold under the reference 762 by the INRA-UPAE Company. 4 sur 7 11/10/15 19:32

5 the mineral blend used is sold under the reference 763 by the INRA-UPAE Company. The above raw materials were mixed in a bowl steel moved by a mechanical arm, after addition of 10% water (by weight of starting mixture) to ensure the bonding of the particles of the individual components. The homogeneous mixture of the raw material then passes through a die to form long cylindrical filaments ("spaghetti") 3 mm in diameter. The raw material filaments are then dried to reduce the water content to about 8% by weight of the final mixture. Drying is carried out in an oven with hot air flow at the temperature of 50 C for 20 minutes. The filaments with a diameter of 3 mm having a water content has been adjusted are then subjected to a freezing step to liquid nitrogen for a period of ten seconds. Frozen filaments are then subjected to a crushing step in a grinder and formed into pellets by known means. Preferably a low temperature is maintained during this step, so as to avoid clogging of the mill, the granules obtained in the preceding step are then frozen with liquid nitrogen and passed through sieves. Successive sieve were used so as to separate the granules into different size fractions respectively between 400 and 600.mu.m, 200 and 400µm, 120 and 200.mu.m and, finally, less than 120 microns size. The granules thus obtained have a water content of 8% of the dry matter. The precise constitution of the complete feed composition is as follows: The composition of the pellets, expressed relative to the dry matter of the food is: total protein (N x 6.25): 56%; total phospholipids: 12%; total fat: 26%; Ash: 14%. Example 2: SURVIVAL AND GROWTH Bass Larvae Fed with the Complete Mixed Feed According to the Invention and Comparison with SUBSTITUTE FOOD REPRESENTATIVE OF THE STATE OF THE ART FOR HOPPERS AGED 9 TO 40 DAYS. Bar larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax) were divided into bins of 35 liters at a density of 60 larvae / 1. All the larvae were fed rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) during a 3 day time period following the opening of the mouth The larvae were then separated into two groups of four lots and the survival and growth of larvae were followed from day 9 until day 40 after hatching (that is to say from day 4 to day 35 after opening of the mouth). The first group of four lots has been fed only nauplii dartemia. The second group of four lots has been exclusively fed with the complete mixed feed according to the invention according to Example 1. Other breeding conditions have been standardized in the pools, the water temperature is maintained at 20 C with a salinity of 35 ppm. The pools were permanently illuminated. Larval feeding is performed using automatic dispensers type treadmill set above pools and the food was provided to larvae continuously (24/24). The daily amounts of complete mixed feed were 1 g per day for 2500 in the early larvae feeding cycle and have been gradually increased to 4 g / d for 2500 at the end of larvae feeding cycle (J 40 after hatching). The amount of food used correspond to an excess distribution to continuous availability pellets or live food for larvae. Depending on the selected food distribution process, the complete mixed feed slowly decanted into the column, making it possible capture by larvae granules during this slow settling. Every day, the deposits of excess feed and faeces accumulated at the bottom of the ponds are removed without resuspension. After 32 days of feeding (40 days after hatching), the results, expressed as the mean ± standard error of the mean, are: Complete food Artemia H19 Survival (%) 70 ± ± ± 6.2 Average weight (mg) 32 ± ± ± 0.8 The results obtained under the same breeding conditions with the H19 feed substitute representative of the state of the art (CAHU et al. 1999) are also presented for comparison. Survival indicated is the number of larvae at the end of experiment (40 days after hatching) as a percentage of the initial number of larvae breeding set two days after hatching (Figure 2). The average individual weight was calculated from four samples of 10 larvae for each of the basins of the same experimental group. Larval growth was monitored from day 9 to day 40 after hatching, and the experimental results are shown in Figure 1. 5 sur 7 11/10/15 19:32

6 are quite comparable, if not identical, to the properties of nauplii Artemia. At day 40 after hatching, the larvae fed with the complete mixed feed according to the invention have a weight (32 mg) which was not significantly different from the weight of larvae fed Artemia (35 mg). However, the larvae fed with the feed substitute H19 of the prior art have an extremely low growth rate, since. weight of larvae fed with this substitute at day 40 is about 5 mg or weighing less than 6 times that obtained with the complete mixed feed according to the invention. 60 days after hatching, the larvae that have never received dartemia weighed 300 mg on average and exhibited an harmonious development, particularly in the skeleton. The results in the table indicate a significantly greater survival in larvae having received the complete mixed feed according to the invention that the larvae fed Artemia or the H19 feed substitute. These results clearly demonstrate that the complete mixed feed according to the invention advantageously replaces VArtemia in the breeding sequence of bass larvae feed substitute and that even allows a survival rate of larvae significantly higher survival rate obtained by supply larvae with live prey. EXAMPLE 3 SURVIVAL AND GROWTH Bass Larvae Fed with the Complete Mixed Feed According to the Invention for LARVAE AGED 5 TO 10 DAYS. The general conditions for the breeding of bass larvae are those described in Example 2. At the opening of the mouth, ie 5 days after hatching, the larvae were separated into 2 groups, the first group of 4 batches was only fed rotifers, the second group of 4 lots has been fed with the complete mixed feed according to the invention. The food particles had a size less than 120 microns. After 5 days of eating, average weights were 0.85 ± 0.07 mg for the larvae fed with the compound of the invention while it was only 0.76 ± 0.10 mg for larvae fed rotifers. Survival was the same in both groups (92%). This example shows that the complete feed according to the invention advantageously replaces the rotifers and can be used as a sole food throughout the breeding of fish larvae. This food is of interest for species whose larval rearing involves long use of rotifers as turbot or sea bream. EXAMPLE 4 COMPARATIVE STUDY OF QUALITY AND MATURITY OF Bass Larvae Fed with the Complete Mixed Feed According to the Invention H19 FOOD OR REPLACEMENT. Physiological parameters were measured in the larvae from the experiment described in Example 2. At day 40 of development, only 3.8 ± 1, 5% of larvae fed with the complete mixed feed according to the invention showed skeletal malformation. This rate was 6 ± 1, 2% in larvae fed the designated H19 feed substitute in the article by CAHU et al The ripeness of digestion was assessed by two parameters: the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and the appearance in the borders of enterocytes brushes of a characteristic of adult type enzyme digestion, alkaline phosphatase. Larvae fed with the feed according to the invention have a trypsin secretion rate of 55 ± 5.5%, higher than that of larvae fed with the feed substitute designated H19, 43 ± 4.9%. The activity of alkaline phosphatase reached 308 ± 10.7 mu / mg protein in the larvae fed with the following invention and food was 1 10 ± 8.9 mu / mg for the larvae fed with the H19 feed substitute. Use of the food according to the invention is advantageous for producing larvae moφhologique and good physiological quality. In particular, the maturing of the digestive functions during larval life is indispensable for a good further development of fish. CITATIONS DE BREVETS Brevet cité Date de dépôt Date de publication Déposant Titre WO A1 * 11 mars oct Sildolje & Sildemelind Forsk Feed and process for production thereof WO A1 * 12 mai nov Aquatic Feeds Aps Dry fish feed and method of preparing same EP A2 * 11 mai nov Suomen Sokeri Oy Fish feed, procedure for producing same, and feeding method GB A * JPH037546A * JPS A * US * 17 mai sept Buse Gese Gmbh & Co. * Cité par l'examinateur CITATIONS HORS BREVETS Référence 1 * Titre non disponible Titre non disponible Titre non disponible Process and apparatus for the granulation of granulatable and/or pelletizable substrances CAHU, C., ZAMBONINO INFANTE, J., ESCAFFEE, A.-M., BERGOT, P., AND KAUSHIK, S.: "Preliminary results on sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae rearing with compound diet from first feeding. Comparison with carp (Cyprinus carpio) larvae." AQUACULTURE, vol. 169, 1998, pages 1-7, XP cité dans la demande 2 * PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 135 (C-170), 11 juin 1983 ( ) & JP A (RIKEN VITAMIN OIL KK), 19 mars 1983 ( ) 3 * 4 * PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 015, no. 123 (C-0816), 26 mars 1991 ( ) & JP A (NIPPON NOUSAN KOGYO KK;OTHERS: 08), 14 janvier 1991 ( ) SARGEANT, J., MCEVOY, L., ESTEVEZ, A., BELL, G., BELL, M., HENDERSON, J., AND TOCHER, D.: "Lipid nutrition of marine fish during early development: current status and future directions" AQUACULTURE, vol. 179, septembre 1999 ( ), pages , XP AMSTERDAM, NL 5 * See also references of EP A1 6 sur 7 11/10/15 19:32

7 RÉFÉRENCÉ PAR Brevet citant Date de dépôt Date de publication Déposant Titre WO A2 * 10 janv juil Blue Limit As Feed composition for aquatic organisms * Cité par l'examinateur CLASSIFICATIONS Classification internationale Classification coopérative Classification européenne A23K1/18, A01K61/00, A23K1/175, A61P1/00, A61P3/00, A23K, A23K1/16, A23K1/20, A23K1/10, A61P1/14, A61K31/685, A61K47/18 A23K1/188, Y10S426/805 A23K1/18S ÉVÉNEMENTS JURIDIQUES Date Code Événement Description 2 nov AL Designated countries for regional patents Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): GH GM KE LS MW SD SL SZ TZ UG ZW AM AZ BY KG KZ MD RU TJ TM AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LU MC NL PT SE BF BJ CF CG CI CM GA GN GW ML MR NE SN TD TG 2 nov AK Designated states 27 déc janv DFPE Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application Request for preliminary examination filed prior to expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed before ) 17 oct WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase 19 oct WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase 20 oct WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase 22 oct ENP Entry into the national phase in: 16 janv WWP Wipo information: published in national office 21 févr REG Reference to national code 20 avr WWP Wipo information: published in national office 28 juil WWG Wipo information: grant in national office 22 avr WWW Wipo information: withdrawn in national office Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AE AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BR BY CA CH CN CR CU CZ DE DK DM DZ EE ES FI GB GD GE GH GM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KR KZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MK MN MW MX NO NZ PL PT RO RU SD SE SG SI SK SL TJ TM TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VN YU ZA ZW Ref document number: Country of ref document: EP Ref document number: Country of ref document: NZ Ref document number: Country of ref document: KR Ref country code: JP Ref document number: Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F Ref country code: CA Ref document number: Kind code of ref document: A Format of ref document f/p: F Ref document number: Country of ref document: CA Ref document number: Country of ref document: EP Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: 8642 Ref document number: Country of ref document: KR Ref document number: Country of ref document: EP Ref document number: Country of ref document: KR Accueil Google - Plan du site - Téléchargements par lot sur l'uspto - Règles de confidentialité - Conditions d'utilisation - À propos de Google Brevets - Envoyer des commentaires Données fournies par IFI CLAIMS Patent Services 7 sur 7 11/10/15 19:32