HIGH FAT WESTERN AND THAI FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN IN BANGKOK, THAILAND.

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1 HIGH FAT WESTERN AND THAI FOOD CONSUMPTION AMONG ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN IN BANGKOK, THAILAND. P Punya-narm Y, Patimanukaseam P. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalonkorn University, Bankok,Thailand.

2 Introduction A recent study 1 in the United States showed that durin the last years, the number of overweiht children and adolescents increase enormously. Similar incidence occurred in developin Pcountries where an increase in Westernization of dietary lifestyles is evident. 1.Deckelbaum RJ, Williams CL. Childhood obesity: the health issue. Obes Res Nov;9 Suppl 4:239S-243S.

3 P In Japan 2, durin the accelerated economic rowth from 1950 to 1970, there was a rapid shift in dietary pattern from Japanese to Western. In China 3, a shift in diet to Western style was rapid especially amon the urban residents. 2.Popkin BM. Nutritional patterns and transitions. Popul Dev Rev 1993;19: Popkin BM, Keyou G, Zhai F, Guo X, Ma Ha, Zohoori N. The nutrition transition in China: a cross-sectional analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr 1993;47:

4 Information from other Asian countries also shows an accelerated chane in the structure of diet durin the lobal civilization 4. Concurrent with these transitions, obesity is increasin in most Asian nations 5. P 4. Drewnowski A, Popkin BM. The nutrition transition: new trends in the lobal diet. Nutr Rev 1997;55: Popkin BM, Doak CM. The obesity epidemic is a worldwide phenomenon. Nutr Rev 1998;56:

5 P Thailand also had an experience of economic chane like most Asian countries so that Thai life style unavoidably chanes to Western type especially those who live in Bankok. In 2008, the Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand reported that there were 65 Thai and Western food items containin hih fat that Thai people usually consumed 6. 6.Nutrition Division, Department of Health, Minister of Public Health. online news available from

6 P Objective The purpose of this study was to investiate the frequency and the amount of hih fat Western and Thai food consumption amon the adolescents who reside in Bankok.

Pwere selected from 65 hih fat food lists

7 Method Chulalonkorn University students who have resided in Bankok for > 5 years were randomly selected. Weiht and heiht were measured for Body Mass Index (BMI) calculation. 15 Western foods and 15 Thai foods which Pwere selected from 65 hih fat food lists proposed by the Department of Health accordin to the availability in the local market.

8 Method (cont.) From the lists, subjects were asked to choose food items that they had eaten durin the past 7 days. The frequency and amount of consumption were recorded. P The correlation between each pair of studied variables was analyzed by Pearson Chi-square test. The differences between roups were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test.

9 Results: Table 1. Characteristics of the participants. Total Male Female P (n=1,490) (n=562) (n=928) Ae (year) (1.44) (1.53) (1.36) BMI (k/m 2 ) (2.68) (3.88) (4.00) % Overweiht % Normal % Underweiht ( ) = S.D. * * * * * *= line between 2 variables that were sinificantly different with p<.001

10 Table 2. The percentaes of participants in the hih and low frequency and amount of Western food consumption. None Low Hih p-value Low Hih p-value <4 4 <9 9 Gender Male NS NS Female P BMI Over (>24.5 k/m 2 ) Normal ( k/m 2 ) Frequency (times/wk.) Amount (servins/wk.) Under (<18.5 k/m 2 ) NS =non sinificant difference

Table 3. The percentaes of participants in the hih and low frequency and amount of Thai food consumption. None Low Hih p-value Low Hih p-value <4 4 <9 9 Gender Male 3.2 92.2 4.6 47.5 49.3 <.001 <.

11 Table 3. The percentaes of participants in the hih and low frequency and amount of Thai food consumption. None Low Hih p-value Low Hih p-value <4 4 <9 9 Gender Male <.001 <.001 Female P Frequency (times/wk.) Amount (servins/wk.) BMI Over (>24.5 k/m 2 ) Normal NS ( k/m 2 ) NS Under (<18.5 k/m 2 ) NS =non sinificant difference

(m) (%) French fries 390 20.9 8.7 516 74.

12 Table 4. The top 5 Western food favorite choices. Food items Calories Total Fat Saturated FA Trans fat subject intake (Kcal/100) () () (m) (%) French fries P Ham & cheese Sandwiches Butter cookies

13 Table 4. The top 5 Western food favorite choices. (cont.) Food items Calories Total Fat Saturated FA Trans fat subject intake (Kcal/100) () () (m) (%) Hamburer P Brownies

Table 5. The top 5 Thai food favorite choices.

1 with Garlic and Pepper Fried chicken 318 20.

14 Table 5. The top 5 Thai food favorite choices. P Food items Calories Total Fat Saturated FA Trans fat subject intake (Kcal/100) () () (m) (%) Fried Pork with Garlic and Pepper Fried chicken With spices Fried bun

subject intake (Kcal/100) () () (m) (%) Fried 426 24.8 11.

15 Table 5. The top 5 Thai food favorite P choices. (cont.) Food items Calories Total Fat Saturated FA Trans fat subject intake (Kcal/100) () () (m) (%) Fried paired-stick bun Fried small fish

16 Discussion Accordin to Food Guide Thailand Nutrition Fla, adolescent daily diets should contain <35 of fat, the present data revealed that participants P who consumed the studied foods >4 times or >9 servins per week would receive fat hiher than the recommended amount.

17 Discussion (cont.) Amon 1,490 students, there were 96.9% and 97.1% of them who ate at least 1 of these 15 Western foods and 15 Thai foods respectively durin the past 7 days. The data demonstrated that females (13.9%) Pconsumed hih fat Thai food 4 times/week while only 4.6% of males did, however most of females (63.0%) consumed <9 servins/week.

18 Discussion (cont.) Comparison between BMI level, frequency and amount of food intake demonstrated that the overweiht participants sinificantly consumed Western P food more frequently than the normal and underweiht (p=.002) while this different was not sinificant in the Thai Food roup.

19 P Conclusion These findins suested that more than 95% of adolescents livin in Bankok ate hih fat Western and Thai food. The BMI was influenced by frequency and amount of hih fat Western food intake. Female preferred eatin hih fat Thai foods than male.

20 P

HIGH ENERGY AND FAT INTAKE BETWEEN DORMITORY AND NON-DORMITORY STUDENTS IN CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY, THAILAND

HIGH ENERGY AND FAT INTAKE BETWEEN DORMITORY AND NON-DORMITORY STUDENTS IN CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY, THAILAND Patimanukaseam P, Punya-ngarm Y. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn