Formulation and evaluation of modified release oral solid dosage forms. prof. dr. Saša Baumgartner University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy
|
|
- Morgan Flowers
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Formulation and evaluation of modified release oral solid dosage forms prof. dr. Saša Baumgartner University of Ljubljana Faculty of Pharmacy Content Terminology Why modified release? How to select appropriate API Physiological consideration important at dosage from designing Types of modified release prolonged release Matrix systems Reservoir systems Osmotic controlled systems Gastric retentive dosage forms 1
2 Modified/conventional release Conventional release dosage form Preparations showing a release of API which is not deliberately modified by special formulation and/or manufacturing method. In case of a solid dosage form, the dissolution profile of API depends essentially on the intrinsic properties of API Synonymous: Immediate release dosage form Modified release dosage forms Preparations where the rate and/or place of release of API is different from that of the conventional dosage form administered by the same route. This deliberate modification is achieved by special formulation design and/or manufacturing method. Modified release dosage forms include: prolonged release delayed release pulsatile release. Modified release Prolonged release dosage forms Modified release dosage forms showing a slower release than that of the conventional release dosage form administered by the same route. Prolonged release is achieved by special formulation design/and/or manufacturing method. Synonymous: extended release dosage form Delayed release dosage form Modified release dosage forms showing a release of API which is delayed. Delayed release is achieved by special formulation design and/or manufacturing method. The release of API is delayed for a predefined period after administration or application of the dosage form and then releases as a conventional dosage form resulting in a lag time without any change in other pharmacokinetic parameters. Pulsatile drug release Pulsed or pulsatile drug release is defined as the rapid and transient release of a certain amount of drug molecules within a short time-period immediately after a predetermined off-release period 2
3 Some expressions regarding modified release Controlled-release Extended release Sustained-release Timed-release Long-acting Prolonged-action Sustained-action Why do we formulate modified release dosage forms? The main objectives is to produce safe, effective and patient-friendly drug delivery systems To reduce dosing frequency and thus increase acceptability by patients To increase the effectiveness of the API with a retention of the dosage form at the site of action To decrease API doses and at the same time to maintain an optimum concentration of API in plasma and in this way to reduce the side effects associated with fluctuations in the plasma concentrations of "classic" dosage forms To prolong the life cycle of the product 3
4 Comparison of plasma profils of API from conventional and prolonged release tablets Feasibility assessment of chemical entity for controlled release delivery Physical, chemical, biopharmaceutical therapeutic properties of API Solubility (if <0.01mg/mL inappropriate for incorporation into prolonged drug delivery systems) Dosage(max 1g) Stability (ph, enzymes, flora) Lipofilicity /permeability, absorption site Elimination t 1/2 (from 2 to 8 h) Therapeutic window the risk of overdose First-pass metabolism PK / PD ratio 4
5 The importance of physiological factors for proper formulation of prolged release dosage forms The variable physiological factors: ph enzymes The movement of GIT - mechanical stress Transit time through the GIT gastric emptying Passage through the small intestine Retention in the colon Pathologic conditions The possibility of local irritations (irritation of mucous membranes) Gastrointestinal tract 5
6 Total transit time of dosage forms through GIT Depends on the physiological conditions (in particular of the movement of the upper GIT) and the properties of dosage form most oral dosage forms with prolonged release passes through the places where the API can be absorbed faster than in 12 hours total transit time can be influenced only by keeping the dosage form in the stomach - prolonged GRT 6
7 The impact of GIT movements on transit of dosage forms gastric movement gastric emptying fasted fed fluids solid particles 4 phases (I)MMC peristalsis caloric content volume osmolarity, ph retention of dosage form in stomach particle size phase (I)MMC volume Motoric activity in fasted state 4 phases of (I)MMC cycle Trajanje Faza I (min) Faza II Faza III 5 15 Faza IV min 7
8 Transit time of some dosage forms Fluids and pellets (< 2mm) fast emptying from stomach Single-unit dosage forms FO (>7 mm) can stay in stomach for more than 10 h, if taken together with food Transit time through intestine for most dosage forms is 3-4 h Transit time can be prolonged only by retention of dosage form in the stomach Transit time through the places of drug absorption is important dosage forms with 12h of release can be designed (+ elimination time) Single vs multiple unit dosage forms Single-unit dosage forms Tablets, film coated tablets, matrix tablets, capsules Multiple-unit dosage forms Granules, pellets, micropellets, microspheres Advantages and disadvantages 8
9 Composition of modified release dosage forms (in general) API Controlled release substance Matrix former Membrane former Substances that modified properties of matrix or membrane Pore-formers Surface active substances Solubilazers/pH modifiers Lubricants Additional coatings for the delay of release Mechanisms of prolonged release Diffusion controlled release Erosion controlled release Dissolution controlled release Osmotically controlled release Ion-exchange controlled release These mechanisms carried out independently, together or sequentially 9
10 Diffusion controlled drug release Matrix systems Hydrophobic matrices (polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, waxes, fatty acids, ethyilcellulose, copolymers of metacrylic acid) Hydrophilic matrices (HPMC, HPC, HEC, PEO, xanthan, sodium alginate, polyacrylic acid) Reservoir systems Insoluble polymers (ethyilcellulose, acrylates) + plasticizer + pore formers Tablets, granules, microspheres,... F ilm sk a o b lo g a u č in k o v in a re z e rv o a r učin kovina m atriks - ogrodje 10
11 Hydrophobic matrices Diffusion rate depends on: Surface Diffusion path Concentration gradient Diffusion coefficient Diffusion controlled release - theoretical background Fick s second law gets into more detail, telling us the rate at which concentration (C) is changing at any given point in time (t); D is diffusion constant and as a default is constant Analytical solutions equation with respect to certain boundary conditions C t x C D x C D y y z C D z 11
12 A simplified solution for description the diffusion-controlled release (Higuchi) The boundary conditions are hypothetical matrix system, which does not dissolve and does not swell maintenance of pseudo steady-state during the release (constant thickness of the diffusion layer and a constant concentration gradient, which is only possible if the particles are infinitely large and flat)?! particle diameter is smaller than the average distance of diffusion path of API through the polymer mesh sink conditions the diffusion coefficient in the matrix is constant only diffusion takes place The concentration of the API in the matrix is greater than its solubility in the polymer; no interaction between the API and a polymer (Higuchi) a simplified and idealized example of the release kinetics from the matrix system Q S D s C s p T 2 C 0 pc s t Q amount of released drug; D s diffusion coefficient in dissolution medium, C s drug solubility in medium; p porosity of matrix; T tortuosity of matrix; C 0 total amount of API in matrix Higuchi also assumed that the dissolution of the active ingredient is faster than its diffusion Q k 1 t 1 / 2 12
13 Hydrophilic matrix systems Named also swelling matrix systems The most important among modified release systems Hydrophilic polymers in contact with the medium swell, forming a hydrogel, which slowly erodes and through the gel API is diffusing Prolonged release matrix tablets Water Disentageling polymer molecules in water Swelling polymer with waterconcentration-gradient Non-swollen polymer 13
14 Analytical methods for investigation of hydrophilic matrix tablets Tip Tablet P. Colombo et al. Journal of Controlled Release 61 (1999) Texture profiling of the XLBG matrix after different times of swelling in water with 200 mm CaCl2 added. Pavli et al. E-polymers, 2009 Analytical methods for investigation of hydrophilic matrix tablets oscillatory rheometry gel Dependence of viscoelastic properties of 3% xanthan dispersion (G' and G'') from ionic strength (NaCl from 0.00 till 0.20 M. G'-full line in G'' dashed line: - water, - = 0.01M, - = 0.20M Baumgartner et al. Eur.J Pharm Biopharm
15 Composition of hydrophilic matrix tablets API Hydrophilic polymer (20 80%) Fillers influencing matrix properties (sugars, polyols, salts) Enable faster and more even hydration May cause cross-linking of polymer chains (alginate + calcium ions) Influence on ionization of API - solubility Solubilizers and ph modifiers lubricants Hydrophilic matrix tablets Is this really that simple?? 15
16 HPMC golden standard for matrix tablets - is there anything left HPMC batches of the same viscosity and substitution type, but with different substituent pattern: great influence on polymer erosion and drug release Anna Viridén et al. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2011 The influence of xanthan polymer structure on the drug release natural origin, biocompatible, GRAS quality XAN behavior is related to its polyelectrolyte nature candidate for controlled release formulations 16
17 r e le a s e d d r u g ( % ) Natural polymers: synrgistic effect between Xanthan gum (XAN) and locust bean gum (LBG) tim e (h ) X A N L B G X L B G = 3 :1 X L B G = 1 :3 X A N -C a C l2 L B G -C a C l2 X L B G = 3 :1 -C a C l2 X L B G = 1 :3 -C a C l2 Multi-layer tablets hydrophilic matrix tablets 17
18 Water uptake (%) Erosion (%) Carrageenan based matrix tablets Kappa (κ)-carrageenan Iota ()-carrageenan Doxazosin mesilate Lambda () - carrageenan Erosion and water uptake studies of ι-, κ-, and λ-carr matrices iota iota NaCl kappa kappa NaCl lambda lambda NaCl Time (h) iota iota NaCl kappa kappa NaCl lambda lambda NaCl Pavli M et ali, Int. J. Pharm, Time (h) 18
19 Dual release controll DM release from different CARR matrices at 37 C in a ph 7.0 phosphate buffer. Advantages of hydrophilic matrix tablets Simple manufacture (direct compression, all types of granulation) Most ingredients are relatively inexpensive and of GRAS quality Many of the active ingredients can be incorporated Complete matrix erosion Known manufacturing technology It is possible to achieve a variety of release profiles 19
20 Disadvantages of hydrophilic matrix tablets Release depends on water diffusion into matrix and API diffusion out of formed hydrogel Erosion can complicate the release Problematic scale-up Reservoir systems - mainly multiunit dosage forms Multi-unit dosage forms After application they are evenly distributed across the GIT and therefore a lower risk for local irritation and less likely for 'dose dumping' Multiple Unit Pellet System - MUPS ethyl cellulose film - to enable prolonged drug release 20
21 Composition of reservoir systems Core API Filler Solubilizer (can be, but not necessary) Coating Polymer Plasticizer Pore former (if necessary) Coloring agent The addition of pore-former (HPMC) in ethyl cellulose (EC) coated pellets influence drug release sugar core ( μm) dipiridamol (low soluble API, 20 mg) suspended into Opadry dispersion (HPMC E6 and PEG 400) and than it is by layering added to sugar cores Pellets with API were then coated by Surelease E dispersion (water dispersion of EC wit oleic acid as plasticizer) The influence of different ratios between EC (Surelease) coating and HPMC (Opadry) as pore former in it on the release of API 21
22 Dipiridamol release from EC coated pellets no pore former Dipiridamol release from pellets coated by EC/HPMC (coating12 % wg) 22
23 Press-coating release mechanism can be changed by different additives in coatings Water soluble API in core ; Coating from ethyl cellulose, additives of: spray-dried lactose (SDL) or HPMC Advantages and disadvantages of reservoir systems Advantages of multi-unit More uniform gastric emptying Less problems with dose dumping Adoption of appropriate kinetics Disadvantages Single unit systems - dose dumping Multi-unit systems can not stay prolonged time in stomach no influence on transit time More complicated production than matrix systems 23
24 Lipid matrix systems Diffusion, dissolution or erosion controlled release Direct compression, melting technologies Usual composition: API Lipid matrix former Melting T higher than 37 C, from 20 to 40% of total tablet mass Pore-former NaCl, sugars, polyols, API (20 30% of formulation) Solubilizer and ph modifier Lubricants Dissolution controlled release Low water soluble substance, inherently enable a prolonged release Highly soluble API can be incorporated into slow dissolving carrier a layer of API is exchanged with a layer slowly soluble coating (pulsatile release) particles are coated with different thick coatings - (initial dose, maintenance dose) 24
25 Noyes-Whitney equation for description of dissolution in steady state Dissolution process can be described also as layer by layer diffusion controlled process (SIMPLIFICATIONS!!!) dc dt k d A D C C A C C S h S dc/dt dissolution rate; k d - dissolution rate constant; C s saturated solubility; C conc. solute in medium; D diffusion coefficient; h thickness of diffusion layer; A surface of dissolving particle 25
26 The osmotically controlled release Elementary Osmotic Pump Core with API and osmotically active substances (osmogene) Semipermeable membrane with one or more laser drilled orifice Semipermeable membrane API Delivery orifice H 2 O osmogens H 2 O H 2 O Drug release from EOP Delivery orifice H 2 O Influx of water trough membrane into core of dosage forms. Dissolution of soluble components solution of API is forming H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O H 2 O Osmotic pressure forced API solution trough delivery orifice H 2 O API H 2 O Tablet membrane remains unchanged H 2 O 26
27 Drug release: dm dt dm dt t t AC h ACJ P W w P d AC Release rate is proportional with J W and can changed by changing: System size Osmotic pressure in system Permeability of membrane for water Membrane thickness h J w P W h = water flux into system P W = permeability of membrane for water = difference in osmotic pressure through membrane A = surface of the system h = membrane thickness C = conc. Od dissolved API in the core P d = permeability of membrane for API Semipermeable membrane Water permeable, non permeable for API Non deformable Thin coating for changing the tablet appearance Upper membrane layer Porous lower membrane layer core- tablet 27
28 OROS Push-Pull systems Semipermeable membrane Delivery orifice Layer with API core Before application After application Pushing layer OROS Push-Pull systems 28
29 Advantages and disadvantages of OROS systems Advantages They typically give a zero order release profile after an initial lag. Deliveries may be delayed or pulsed if desired. Drug release is independent of gastric ph and hydrodynamic condition; is minimally affected by the presence of food in gastrointestinal tract They are well characterized and understood. The release mechanisms are not dependent on drug. A high degree of in-vitro and in-vivo correlation (ivivc) is obtained in osmotic systems. The release rate of osmotic systems is highly predictable and can be programmed by modulating the release control parameters. Disadvantages Expensive If the coating process is not well controlled there is a risk of film defects, which results in dose dumping Size hole is critical Dose dumping How to prolong GRT? - and increase biologic availability - decrease of frquency of applications The most important characteristics of dosage forms to prolong GRT: size and density To prolong GRT: High density systems Systems of different geometric shapes Systems based on super-poruos biodegradable hydrogels Mucoadhesive systems Magnetic systems Floating systems 29
30 Mucoadhesive systems FO adheres to the surface of the gastric mucosa Examples of bioadhesive substances: partially cross-linked polyacrylic acid (Carbopol, Polycarbophil ), chitosan, polylactic acid, Na-alginate, Disadvantages : The surface of the mucosa, is completely renewed in three hours non-selective binding of the other substances present in the stomach improvements: More specific Mucoadhesive materials - lectins (binding to specific carbohydrates) There is still no success 30
31 Floating systems condition: (dosage form) < (gastric fluid) Hydrodynamically balanced systems(hbs) Gas forming floating systems Raft-forming systems - liquids Low core density systems Hydrodynamically balanced systems(hbs) Gel layer Floating tablet Gastric fluid, Density > 1 Density of swollen tablet < 1 Dry tablet core Diffusion of API Erosion layer 31
32 Gas forming floating systems Improved floating mechanism Bubble formation (decreasing density) composition: NaHCO 3 + citric acid Dry conditions at manufacture and keeping Single unit systems: all or nothing Multiparticulate systems Systems with low core density < 1 g/cm 3 no lag-time, immediate floating Oil or air is entrapped in core Multi-unit systems, microbaloons, crosslinked hollow microspheres (dried by lyophilization) The most promising floating systems Frequent water intake is necessary 32
33 Design of floating tablets investigation of tablet matrices (swelling, erosion,...) determination of tablet floating properties and selection of optimal matrix former incorporation of API optimization evaluation Floating properties of tablets H P M C E 4 M H P M C K 4 M H P M C K M HPC H EC p re ssure A B A B A B A B A B 1 < 1 > 2 4 < 1 > 2 4 < 1 > 2 4 < 1 3 / / 2 < 1 > 2 4 < 1 > 2 4 < 1 > ,3-1,5 / / 3 < 1 > 2 4 < 1 > > 2 4 > < 0,6 < 1 > > > > 2 4 / / 7-9 0, > > 2 4 > < 0,6 / / > < 0,6 A time - tablets took to emerge on water surface (min) B time - tablets took to sink (h) 33
34 Formulation of tablets with API Model API Appropriate ratio between API and polymer Low compressibility Poor floating properties High dosage Granulation and further tableting Standardization of manufacture Basic formulation HPMC K4M : API. Release evaluation Highuci kinetics 34
35 Optimization of floating properties and release Fast swellable polymer cetostearol Increased incorporation of API Ac-Di-Sol Primojel HPMC K100M Decreased release NaHCO 3 and citric acid Improved floating Highuchi kinetic 35
36 To conclude: For the successful development of the prolonged release dosage froms we need to combine knowledge from different fields: physiology pharmaceutical technology biopharmacy pharmaceutical chemistry Physics... Literatura Qiu Y. Zhang G. Research and Development Aspects of Oral Controlled-Release Dosage forms. In. Wise DL (ed). Handbook of Pharmaceutical Controlled Release Technology; Marcel Dekker, NY, Basel, P.L. Bardonneta, b, V. Faivrea, W.J. Pughc, J.C. Piffarettid and F. Falsona: Gastroretentive dosage forms: Overview and special case of Helicobacter pylori.journal of Controlled Release.Volume 111, Issues 1-2, 10 March 2006, Pages 1-18 Aulton s Pharmaceutics Ipd. 36
2- Minimum toxic concentration (MTC): The drug concentration needed to just produce a toxic effect.
BIOPHARMACEUTICS Drug Product Performance Parameters: 1- Minimum effective concentration (MEC): The minimum concentration of drug needed at the receptors to produce the desired pharmacologic effect. 2-
More informationDefine the terms biopharmaceutics and bioavailability.
Pharmaceutics Reading Notes Define the terms biopharmaceutics and bioavailability. Biopharmaceutics: the area of study concerning the relationship between the physical, chemical, and biological sciences
More informationDESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF FLURBIPROFEN
Int. J. Chem. Sci.: 10(4), 2012, 2199-2208 ISSN 0972-768X www.sadgurupublications.com DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF FLURBIPROFEN K. V. R. N. S. RAMESH *, B. HEMA KIRNAMAYI
More informationChapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 1 SPP School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM s NMIMS, Mumbai 1.0 Extended release dosage form In the past few decades, significant advances have been made in the area of drug delivery
More informationGastro Retentive Drug Delivery System
Review Article *Hemali Soni 1, V. A. Patel 2 1 Department of Pharmaceutics, A. R. College of Pharmacy, V. V. Nagar, Gujarat, India. 2 Associate professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, A. R. College of
More informationBiopharmaceutics Dosage form factors influencing bioavailability Lec:5
Biopharmaceutics Dosage form factors influencing bioavailability Lec:5 Ali Y Ali BSc Pharmacy MSc Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences Dept. of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy University of Sulaimani 09/01/2019
More informationSUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS USING A PVA DC FORMULATION RESISTANT TO ALCOHOL INDUCED DOSE DUMPING
SUSTAINED RELEASE TABLETS USING A PVA DC FORMULATION RESISTANT TO ALCOHOL INDUCED DOSE DUMPING Dr. Dieter Lubda MilliporeSigma is a business of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany Agenda: Sustained release
More informationEVALUATION OF EFFERVESCENT FLOATING TABLETS. 6.7 Mathematical model fitting of obtained drug release data
EVALUATION OF EFFERVESCENT FLOATING TABLETS 6.1 Technological characteristics of floating tablets 6.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) 6.3 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) 6.4 In
More informationDEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE FLOATING MATRIX TABLETS OF METFORMIN HYDROCHLORIDE
ISSN: 0975-8232 IJPSR (2010), Vol. 1, Issue 8 (Research article) Received 11 April, 2010; received in revised form 17 June, 2010; accepted 13 July, 2010 DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research
Available on line www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research ISSN No: 975-7384 CODEN(USA): JCPRC5 J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 211, 3(2):786-791 Development and optimization of colon targeted
More informationOpadry Enteric. Application Data. Drug Release from Acrylic-Based Opadry Enteric (94 Series) Coated Tablets INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS
Opadry Enteric Application Data FORMULATED FOR ORGANIC SOLVENT COATING Drug Release from Acrylic-Based Opadry Enteric (94 Series) Coated Tablets INTRODUCTION The commonly accepted view is that the ph of
More information1. Gastric Emptying Time Anatomically, a swallowed drug rapidly reaches the stomach. Eventually, the stomach empties its content in the small
Lecture-5 1. Gastric Emptying Time Anatomically, a swallowed drug rapidly reaches the stomach. Eventually, the stomach empties its content in the small intestine. Because the duodenum has the greatest
More informationAdvantages and Limitations of In Vivo Predictive Dissolution (IPD) Systems
Advantages and Limitations of In Vivo Predictive Dissolution (IPD) Systems November 16 th Prof. Gregory E. Amidon - University of Michigan What is an In vivo Predictive Dissolution (IPD) System? An IPD
More informationPharmaceutical Studies on Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Tablets Containing Certain Drugs
Mansoura University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmaceutics Pharmaceutical Studies on Formulation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Tablets Containing Certain Drugs Thesis presented by Ali Saeed
More informationUniversity of Sulaimani School of Pharmacy Dept. of Pharmaceutics Third level - Second semester
University of Sulaimani School of Pharmacy Dept. of Pharmaceutics Third level - Second semester 5/21/2017 Pharmaceutical Compounding, Dr. rer. nat. Rebaz Ali 1 Outlines Why rectal or vaginal route? Suppository
More informationPreparation and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Tablets of Atorvastatin Calcium
Preparation and Evaluation of Gastro Retentive Floating Tablets of Atorvastatin Calcium Florida Sharmin 1, Md. Abdullah Al Masum 1, S. M. Ashraful Islam 1 and Md. Selim Reza 2 1 Department of Pharmacy,
More informationInternational Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Research
International Journal of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Research Journal Home Page: www.pharmaresearchlibrary.com/ijmpr Research Article Open Access Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Floating
More informationFundamentals of Pharmacology for Veterinary Technicians Chapter 4
(A) (B) Figure 4-1 A, B (C) FIGURE 4-1C The active transport process moves particles against the concentration gradient from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration. Active transport
More informationAdvantages and Limitations of In Vivo Predictive Dissolution (IPD) Systems
Advantages and Limitations of In Vivo Predictive Dissolution (IPD) Systems November 16 th Prof. Gregory E. Amidon - University of Michigan What is an In vivo Predictive Dissolution (IPD) System? An IPD
More informationFORMULATION DEVELOPMENT - A QbD Approach to Develop Extended Release Softgels
Seite 1 von 8 Share this story: Issue: April 2015, Posted Date: 3/30/2015 FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT - A QbD Approach to Develop Extended Release Softgels INTRODUCTION Soft gelatin capsules (softgels) continue
More informationPh. D Synopsis. Mr. Mehul Pravinchandra Patel Page 1
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Sustained Drug delivey: 1-6 It is defined as any drug or dosage form modification that prolongs the therapeutic activity of the drug. The amount of drug in the body decrease slowly
More informationPrincipals and Dosage Forms in the Therapy Modified Drug Release. Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy
Principals and Dosage Forms in the Therapy Modified Drug Release Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy Dosage forms Definition: Dosage forms are the means by which drug molecules are delivered
More informationPharma & Food Solutions. POLYOX TM Water Soluble Resins Combining Flexibility with Consistency
Pharma & Food Solutions POLYOX TM Water Soluble Resins Combining Flexibility with Consistency POLYOX 9-13 POLYOX 9-13 POLYOX * are nonionic poly (ethylene oxide) polymers that meet all the specifications
More informationNon-Food Uses of Polysaccharides
Non-Food Uses of Polysaccharides John Mitchell John.Mitchell@biopolymersolutions.co.uk Acknowledgements Fundamentals of Hydrocolloid Technology Course (2003-2009) Rob Winwood Colin Melia Steve Harding
More informationAvailable Online through Research Article
ISSN: 0975-766X Available Online through Research Article www.ijptonline.com DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE TABLETS FOR CONTROLLED DELIVERY OF NORFLOXOCIN Ganesh Kumar Gudas*, Subal Debnath,
More informationComparative Evaluation of Enteric Film Coatings Applied in Organic Solvents
OPADRY Enteric Acryl-Based Coating System Poster Reprint Comparative Evaluation of Enteric Film Coatings Applied in Organic Solvents PURPOSE Delayed release (DR) film coated products are among the most
More informationWhat is Nanotechnology?
Use of Nanotechnology to Optimize Delivery of Probiotics and Prebiotics to Target Sites Ian G Tucker Professor of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of What is Nanotechnology? Some people say they have
More informationINTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND BIO-SCIENCE
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH AND BIO-SCIENCE FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM AS A NOVEL VITAL CONCEPT BABITA SHARMA, NITAN BHARTI GUPTA Sri Sai College of Pharmacy, Pathankot, India.
More informationContinuous Granulation Using a Twin-Screw Extruder. Lin Zhu, Ph.D. Manufacture Science and Technology AbbVie June, 2016
Continuous Granulation Using a Twin-Screw Extruder Lin Zhu, Ph.D. Manufacture Science and Technology AbbVie June, 2016 What is a twin screw extruder and how to use it for continuous granulation? Dry feed:
More informationUNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, ST AUGUSTINE
UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES, ST AUGUSTINE FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES SCHOOL OF PHARMACY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN PHARMACY DEGREE COURSE SYLLABUS COURSE TITLE: COURSE CODE: BIOPHARMACEUTICS, NEW DRUG DELIVERY
More informationCritical material properties for the design of robust drug products : excipient functionality related characteristics
Critical material properties for the design of robust drug products : excipient functionality related characteristics Dr Liz Meehan, Pharmaceutical Development, Macclesfield UK 1 Excipients Definition
More informationph Dependent Drug Delivery System: Review
ph Dependent Drug Delivery System: Review Korake.S.P. SVERI s College of Pharmacy (Poly.), Pandharpur The ph-dependent CTDDS exploit the generally accepted view that ph of the human GIT increases progressively
More informationOPTIMIZATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE GASTRORETENTIVE BUOYANT TABLET WITH XANTHAN GUM AND POLYOX WSR 1105
Digest Journal of Nanomaterials and Biostructures Vol. 9, No. 3, July September 2014, p. 1077-1084 OPTIMIZATION OF CONTROLLED RELEASE GASTRORETENTIVE BUOYANT TABLET WITH XANTHAN GUM AND POLYOX WSR 1105
More informationDESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF 5 FLUORURACIL & METRONIDAZOLE
1. Introduction: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF 5 FLUORURACIL & METRONIDAZOLE Oral controlled - release formulations for the small intestine and colon have received considerable
More informationFORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF FAMOTIDINE
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRORETENTIVE FLOATING TABLETS OF FAMOTIDINE Chandira. Margret R. *, Sahu Chandra Mohan and Jayakar B. Vinayaka Mission s College of Pharmacy Vinayaka Missions University,
More informationHydrodynamic Robustness of Hypromellose and Methylcellulose Based Modified Release Matrix Systems D. Tewari, R. K. Lewis, W. W. Harcum and T Dürig
PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY REPORT Consumer Specialties ashland.com PTR-069-1 (Supersedes PTR-069) Page 1 of 8 Hydrodynamic Robustness of Hypromellose and Methylcellulose Based Modified Release Matrix Systems
More informationOptimization of Valsartan SR Floating Tablet Formulation by 2 2 Factorial Design and Multiple Regression Technique
Optimization of Valsartan SR Floating Tablet by 2 2 Factorial Design and Multiple Regression Technique K. Srinivasa Reddy 1, Surya Kanta Swain 2, K. P. R. Chowdary *3, S. V. U. M. Prasad 4 1 School of
More informationBiswajit Biswal IRJP 2 (7)
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ISSN 2230 8407 Available online http://www.irjponline.com Research Article DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF TRIMETAZIDINE DIHYDROCHLORIDE FLOATING BILAYER
More informationVolume: 2: Issue-3: July-Sept ISSN FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF NICORANDIL
Volume: 2: Issue-3: July-Sept -2011 ISSN 0976-4550 FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF SUSTAINED RELEASE MATRIX TABLETS OF NICORANDIL Ajaykumar Patil*, Ashish Pohane, Ramya Darbar, Sharanya Koutika, Alekhya
More informationThe Relevance of USP Methodology in the Development of a Verapamil Hydrochloride (240 mg) Extended Release Formulation
METHOCEL Premium Cellulose Ethers Application Data The Relevance of USP Methodology in the Development of a Verapamil Hydrochloride (240 mg) Extended Release Formulation INTRODUCTION Hydrophilic matrices
More information4. Monitoring of dissolution induced changes in film coat
4. Monitoring of dissolution induced changes in film coat composition 4.1 Introduction As membrane controlled drug delivery coatings are subjected to changes in coating composition, it is necessary to
More informationDevelopment And Evaluation Of Gastroretentive Floating Tablet Of Rosuvastatin
Development And Evaluation Of Gastroretentive Floating Tablet Of Rosuvastatin Amiya kumar Prusty, Archana P. Chand Institute of Pharmacy and Technology, salipur, Biju Patnaik University of technology,
More informationTopical Preparations
Topical Preparations One of the functions of the skin is to protect the internal body components against the external environment and thus to control the passage of chemicals into and out of the body.
More informationEffect of Polymer Concentration and Viscosity Grade on Atenolol Release from Gastric Floating Drug Delivery Systems
Effect of Polymer Concentration and Viscosity Grade on Atenolol Release from Gastric Floating Drug Delivery Systems 1 1 1 2 U.V. Bhosale*, V. Kusum Devi, Nimisha Jain and P.V. Swamy 1 Al-Ameen College
More information7. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
211 7. SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS Drug absorption from the gastro intestinal tract can be limited by various factors with the most common one being poor aqueous solubility and poor permeability
More informationInt. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 27(2), July August 2014; Article No. 15, Pages: Review on Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS)
Review Article Review on Gastro Retentive Drug Delivery System (GRDDS) Sachin A. Nitave*, Vishin A. Patil, Amrita A. Kagalkar Anil Alias Pintu Magdum Memorial Pharmacy College, Dharangutti, Shirol, Kolhapur,
More informationThis PDF is available for free download
Research Paper Formulation Strategy for Low Absorption Window Antihypertensive Agent M. J. QURESHI, J. ALI*, ALKA AHUJA AND SANJULA BABOOTA Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard,
More informationScholars Research Library. Formulation and evaluation of buccoadhesive tablet of Atenolol
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Scholars Research Library Der Pharmacia Lettre, 2011, 3(2): 34-38 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0975-5071 USA CODEN: DPLEB4
More informationFLOATING DRUG DELIVERY OF RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE
Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2012 Varsha Deva and Manoj Kr Gautam, 2012 Research Paper ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 1, No. 3, July 2012 2012 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY
More informationBiopharmaceutics. Lec: 4
64 Biopharmaceutics Physicochemical Properties of Drugs Affecting Bioavailability Lec: 4 1 Assist. Lecturer Ali Yaseen Ali BSc Pharmacy MSc Industrial Pharmaceutical Sciences Dept. of Pharmaceutics School
More informationREVISION OF MONOGRAPH ON TABLETS. Tablets
March 2011 REVISION OF MONOGRAPH ON TABLETS Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia This monograph was adopted by the Forty-fourth WHO Expert Committee on Specifications for Pharmaceutical
More informationFormulation and Development of Sustained Release Tablets of Valsartan Sodium
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN PHARMACY, BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY Research Article Formulation and Development of Sustained Release Tablets of Valsartan Sodium G. Sandeep * and A. Navya Department of
More informationDISSOLUTION RATE LIMITED ABSORPTION:
INTRODUCTION Oral drug delivery is the most widely utilized route of administration among all the routes that have been explored for systemic delivery of drugs via pharmaceutical products of different
More informationTo study the effect that hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) polymer molecular weight (MW) exerts on drug release rates and mechanism from matrix tablets.
PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY REPORT Consumer Specialties ashland.com PTR-029-1 (Supersedes PTR 029) Page 1 of 7 Hydroxypropylcellulose in Modified Release Matrix Systems: Polymer Molecular Weight Controls
More informationInnovations in Design: NIA-West. Missy Lowery, MSc Head of Integrated Marketing Capsugel, now a Lonza company 11/13/2017
Innovations in Design: NIA-West Missy Lowery, MSc Head of Integrated Marketing Capsugel, now a Lonza company 11/13/2017 1 Innovations in Design: How Do You Stand Out? If all other competitors are the same
More informationMODULATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT TIME OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE BY FLOATING APPROCHES
Pooja et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics; 213, 3(3), 37-41 37 Available online at http://jddtonline.info RESEARCH ARTICLE MODULATION OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRANSIT TIME OF SALBUTAMOL SULPHATE BY
More informationOVERVIEW OF ORAL MUCOSA 1 : A] Structure:
INTRODUCTION Drug delivery systems that can precisely control the release rate of drug to specific body sites have an enormous potential in the healthcare world. The last two decades in the pharmaceutical
More informationwith Diltiazem Hydrochloride
The Fabrication And Evaluation of the Formulation Variables of a Controlled-Porosity Osmotic Drug Delivery System with Diltiazem Hydrochloride Deepak Gondaliya and Kilambi Pundarikakshudu* Diltiazem hydrochloride
More informationDesign and Evaluation of Atenolol Floating Drug Delivery System
Available online on www.ijcpr.com International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research, 4(1), 1-26 Research Article ISSN: 976-822X Design and Evaluation of Atenolol Floating Drug Delivery
More informationFormulation and evaluation of sustained release atenolol
9 Formulation, optimization and evaluation of sustained release layer of atenolol Atenolol is a cardioselective β-blocker widely prescribed for asymptomatic condition such as hypertension. It is poorly
More informationGums--Food functions. Gums--General functions. Behaviors of Polysaccharide Solution, Dispersions and Gels
Behaviors of Polysaccharide Solution, Dispersions and Gels Gums--Food functions Gums can control or determine the texture of many food products Gums--General functions Thickening All gums do this to some
More informationSuppository Chapter Content
10 min SUPPOSITORY Suppository Chapter Content 1. Suppositories and Factors Affecting Drug Absorption 2. Ideal Suppository and Different Types of Bases 3. Methods of Suppository Manufacturing Suppository
More informationSUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 8 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS In spite of the many challenges faced by researchers while designing an effective, reproducible and stable dosage form, oral dosage forms continued to maintain
More informationPHARMACEUTICAL AID PREPARED BY B.KIRUTHIGA LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
PHARMACEUTICAL AID PREPARED BY B.KIRUTHIGA LECTURER DEPT OF PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Excipients are inactive ingredients used as carriers for the active ingredients in a pharmaceutical product. These may
More informationTable 1 Hydrophilicity of MC and HPMC Grades. Polymer Cloud Point ( C) Hydrophilicity MC HPMC Type 2910 HPMC Type
PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY REPORT Consumer Specialties ashland.com PTR-046-1 (Supersedes PTR-046) Page 1 of 6 Effect of Hypromellose and Methylcellulose Substitution Type, Molecular Weight and Drug Solubility
More informationBUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
BUCCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM Mr. Kambagiri Swamy M.Pharm.,(Ph.D) KRISHNA TEJA PHARMACY COLLEGE Introduction Novel drug delivery systems(ndds) are the system where the man searches for now method of entry
More informationEasy, fast and reliable!
Product Overview Easy, fast and reliable! Special easy-to-use preparations for film coating, sugar-coating, colouring and tabletting. Tailormade formulated. s film coating products are one-step coating
More informationA Comparative Evaluation of Cross Linked Starch Urea-A New Polymer and Other Known Polymers for Controlled Release of Diclofenac
Asian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 22, No. 6 (2010), 4239-4244 A Comparative Evaluation of Cross Linked Starch Urea-A New Polymer and Other Known Polymers for Controlled Release of Diclofenac K.P.R. CHOWDARY*
More information1. LITERATURE REVIEW Jaimini et al.6 (2007), Chaudhari et al.7 (2011), Sivabalan M et al.8 (2011), Punitha et al.9 (2010), Patel et al.
1. LITERATURE REVIEW Jaimini et al. 6 (2007), prepared floating tablets of famotidine by using Methocel K 15 M and Methocel K 100 M as gel forming agent and combination of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate
More informationRevised European Guideline on PK and Clinical Evaluation of Modified Release Dosage Forms
1st MENA Regulatory Conference on Bioequivalence, Biowaivers, Bioanalysis and Dissolution Jordan September 23 24, 2013 Revised European Guideline on PK and Clinical Evaluation of Modified Release Dosage
More informationBehaviors of Polysaccharide Solution, Dispersions and Gels
Behaviors of Polysaccharide Solution, Dispersions and Gels O Gums--Food functions Gums can control or determine the texture of many food products Gums--General functions Thickening All gums do this to
More informationFormulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Dosage form of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride.
Available online on www.ijcpr.com International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Review and Research, 3(4), 105-109 Research Article ISSN: 0976-822X Formulation and Evaluation of Gastroretentive Dosage
More informationEvaluation of wetting and dispersing additives for the use in waterborne anticorrosive paints. Düsseldorf, , Martin Muth
Evaluation of wetting and dispersing additives for the use in waterborne anticorrosive paints Düsseldorf, 12.09.2013, Martin Muth Content 1. Introduction 2. Functionality and chemistry of wetting and dispersing
More informationAdvances in Prediction of Food Effects
Advances in Prediction of Food Effects John Crison APS Biopharmaceutics Focus Group MSD Innovation Centre, Hoddesdon, UK June 9, 2011 Outline Introduction/Theory Physiological and Physical Chemical Parameters
More informationChapter 2 Rationale and Objective
Chapter 2 SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM s NMIMS, Mumbai 44 2.0 Rationale Need for extended release drug delivery systems Over the past 50 years or so, substantial research in the
More informationCharacterisation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-bile salts aggregation and its impact on poorly water-soluble drug solubilisation in the gut.
Characterisation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-bile salts aggregation and its impact on poorly water-soluble drug solubilisation in the gut. Claudia Pigliacelli School of Pharmacy, University of East
More informationCONTROLLED-RELEASE & SUSTAINED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS. Pharmaceutical Manufacturing-4
CONTROLLED-RELEASE & SUSTAINED-RELEASE DOSAGE FORMS Pharmaceutical Manufacturing-4 The improvement in drug therapy is a consequence of not only the development of new chemical entities but also the combination
More informationTable 1. Coating Parameters
ACRYL-EZE Aqueous Acrylic Enteric System Application Data Performance Characteristics of Acryl-EZE, Aqueous Acrylic Enteric System Eudragit L1-55 is a copolymer of methacrylic acid and ethyl acrylate (1:1
More informationFormulation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Tablets of Metoprolol Succinate by - Osmotic Drug Delivery
190 Research Article Formulation and Evaluation of Controlled Release Tablets of Metoprolol Succinate by - Osmotic Drug Delivery Deepthi.P*, Samatha. M, N. Srinivas Department of Pharmaceutics, Mallareddy
More informationFORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLETS OF NORFLOXACIN
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF FLOATING TABLETS OF NORFLOXACIN Ms. Jyoti Rathore 1*, Mr. Hitesh Kumar Parmar 1 Ujjain Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ujjain. Email- hkparmar7@rediffmail.com ABSTRACT
More informationIs the science that study relation of physicochemical properties of drug, dosage form, & route of administration on rate and extent of drug
Chapter 5 Is the science that study relation of physicochemical properties of drug, dosage form, & route of administration on rate and extent of drug absorption. It is the study of the kinetics of absorption,
More informationEasy, fast and reliable!
Product Overview Easy, fast and reliable! Special easy-to-use preparations for film coating, sugar-coating, colouring and tabletting. s film coating products are one-step coating systems for pharmaceutical
More informationPK-UK Challenges and benefits of using PBPK to evaluate an IVIVC for drugs with nonideal solubility and/or permeability. Bath, November 2014
PK-UK 2014 Challenges and benefits of using PBPK to evaluate an IVIVC for drugs with nonideal solubility and/or permeability Bath, November 2014 Prof. Dr. Jennifer Dressman Dressman Bath 2014 Why IVIVC
More informationFORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TELMISATAN SOLID DISPERSIONS
International Journal of PharmTech Research CODEN (USA): IJPRIF ISSN : 974-434 Vol.2, No.1, pp 341-347, Jan-Mar 1 FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF TELMISATAN SOLID DISPERSIONS Kothawade S. N. 1 *, Kadam
More informationCONTENTS PAGE. Please note: Preface Matrix system Selection of METOLOSE grades Specifications
Hypromellose CONTENTS PAGE 2 Preface Matrix system Selection of METOLOSE grades Specifications Properties Powder Solution Application Related Patents 3 4-5 6 8 10 13 14 17 Please note: The information
More informationPatel Krunal M et al. IRJP 2 (2)
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY ISSN 223 87 Available online http://www.irjponline.com Research Article DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MODIFIED RELEASE TABLET OF MONTELUKAST SODIUM BY
More informationA FACTORIAL STUDY ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE OF KETOPROFEN BY SOLID DISPERSION IN COMBINED CARRIERS
Research Article A FACTORIAL STUDY ON THE ENHANCEMENT OF DISSOLUTION RATE OF KETOPROFEN BY SOLID DISPERSION IN COMBINED CARRIERS K. P. R. Chowdary *, Tanniru Adinarayana, T. Vijay, Mercy. R. Prabhakhar
More informationTransport across the cell membrane
Transport across the cell membrane Learning objectives Body compartments ECF and ICF Constituents Lipid Bilayer: Barrier to water and water-soluble substances ions glucose H 2 O urea CO 2 O 2 N 2 halothane
More informationDirect Compression. With the right ingredients it s a simple, cost-effective manufacturing process
Direct With the right ingredients it s a simple, cost-effective manufacturing process TM Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company ( Dow ) or an affiliated company of Dow Speed and savings sounds good to us
More informationMany drugs have both lipophilic and hydrophilic chemical substituents. Those drugs that are more lipid soluble tend to traverse cell membranes more
Lecture-4 Many drugs have both lipophilic and hydrophilic chemical substituents. Those drugs that are more lipid soluble tend to traverse cell membranes more easily than less lipid-soluble or more water-soluble
More informationPQRI Workshop Bethesda 2012
Review of GI physiology and use of biorelevant media PQRI Workshop Bethesda 2012 Prof. Dr. Jennifer Dressman An IVIVC can only be as good as the data used to produce it! With respect to the dissolution
More informationCHAPTER-I DRUG CHARACTERIZATION & DOSAGE FORMS
CHAPTER-I DRUG CHARACTERIZATION & DOSAGE FORMS by: j. jayasutha lecturer department of pharmacy practice Srm college of pharmacy srm university DRUG CHARACTERIZATION: Pre-formulation studies will attempt
More informationENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY OF BICALUTAMIDE DRUG USING SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE
PHARMA SCIENCE MONITOR AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES ENHANCEMENT OF SOLUBILITY OF BICALUTAMIDE DRUG USING SOLID DISPERSION TECHNIQUE Kantilal B. Narkhede *1, R. B. Laware 2, Y. P.
More informationPlasma Membranes. Plasma Membranes WJEC GCE BIOLOGY 4.6
4.6 Repeat Fig 3.20A here Fluid Mosaic Model of the Plasma Membrane Carbohydrate chain Glycoprotein Intrinsic Protein Non-polar hydrophobic fatty acid Phospholipids Appearance of the Cell Membrane Seen
More informationTransdermal Delivery of Newer Atypical Antipsychotics ABSTRACT
Transdermal Delivery of Newer Atypical Antipsychotics ABSTRACT Abstract Risperidone and olanzapine, newer atypical antipsychotics are highly effective and safer in the treatment of psychosis. A low dose
More informationLiposomes in polymer matrix. Stability of liposomes in PEG 400 and PEG 8000 solutions.
Liposomes in polymer matrix. Stability of liposomes in PEG 400 and PEG 8000 solutions. Magdalena Bajgrowicz 1,2, Jerzy Detyna 2, Marek Langner 1 1 Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation,
More informationVIVAPHARM PVP/VA. Copovidone, Ph.Eur. USP/NF, JPE, E. The Ultimate Tablet Binder for All Processing Technologies
VIVAPHARM PVP/VA Copovidone, Ph.Eur. USP/NF, JPE, E 1208, FCC The Ultimate Tablet Binder for All Processing Technologies Direct Compression Dry Granulation Hot Melt Extrusion Wet Granulation VIVAPHARM
More informationFormulation and Evaluation of Bilayer Tablet by Wet Granulation
ABSTRACT: Formulation and Evaluation of Bilayer Tablet by Wet Granulation Nishith Patel 1, Kanu R Patel 2, Rakesh kumar Jat 3 1 Research Scholar, JJT University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan, India 2 Asso. Professor,
More informationLarge scale production
Large scale production Rotary capsule machine: This machine has two, side-by-side cylinders in each of which half-moulds are cut. These cylinders, like the rollers of a mangle, rotate in contrary direction
More informationIon Exchange Resins. Unique Solutions to Formulation Problems
Ion Exchange Resins Unique Solutions to Formulation Problems Lyn Hughes Some of the common problems faced by formulators and how using ion exchange resins may be able to solve them are discussed. PHOTODISC,
More information