Introduction. Existing Applications. Recent Research

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1 Recent Research of Nano Food Packaging Dr. Nugraha Edhi Suyatma Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan & SEAFAST Center INSTITUT PERTANIAN BOGOR Overview Introduction Existing Applications Recent Research 1

5/8/2014 Nanotechnology in packaging S f i k Safety Risks P t ti l B fit Potential Benefits Migration Test of

composite embedded between PET layers. No detectable migration of nanoclay from PET.

Very low level of silver migration (less than the limit of quantification).

In either case, the presence of nanoparticles did not affect migration of non Nano components.

2 5/8/2014 Nanotechnology in packaging S f i k Safety Risks P t ti l B fit Potential Benefits Migration Test of Embedded Nanoparticles Three nanotech FCMs tested by FERA (UK)1 and EFSA (EU)2: Bottles containing nanoclay composite embedded between PET layers. No detectable migration of nanoclay from PET. Food containers made of polypropylene nanosilver composite. Very low level of silver migration (less than the limit of quantification). of titanium nitride also reported in PET Lack of migration g p containers. In either case, the presence of nanoparticles did not affect migration of non Nano components. 1Chaudry et 2The EFSA al. (2008) Application and implication of nanotechnology for the food sector. Food Additive and Contaminants, 25, Journal (2009). 958,1 39. Scientific Opinion: The potential risks from Nanoscience and Nanotechnology on Food and Feed Safety. 2

3 Overview Introduction Existing Applications Recent Research and Opportunities Food packaging is the largest area applications of nanotechnology within the food sector. The market for food packaging containing nanomaterials has been predicted to reach $20bn by 2020* Currently clay particles at the nanoscale are the most common application (about 70% market volume). less expensive to produce than other materials. already available on the market. *ILSI expert Workshop on nanotechnology,

Existing NanopackagingApplications Imperm high barrier nylon. Nanomer Nanoclays. Powder, ready to mix. Nanocomposites.

Mix of embedded O 2 scavenger and nanoclay particles. PVC, PE transparent plastics containing TiO 2 or ZnO to prevent UV degradation.

Existing NanopackagingApplications Company Material Application Development status NanoBioMatters S.I.

Active nanocomposites Biocides, antioxidant films Commercial Nanocor/Amcol Int.

4 Existing NanopackagingApplications Imperm high barrier nylon. Nanomer Nanoclays. Powder, ready to mix. Nanocomposites. Pellet form, ready for molding PET bottles containing Iron/Iron oxide nanoparticles to improve O 2 absorption. Mix of embedded O 2 scavenger and nanoclay particles. PVC, PE transparent plastics containing TiO 2 or ZnO to prevent UV degradation. Silver nanoparticle: Antibacterial and antifungi. i UV barrier Improve TS Antistatic. Existing NanopackagingApplications Company Material Application Development status NanoBioMatters S.I. Nanocomposites/EVOH/PET/LDPE/PLA/PHB/PCL Film Commercial NanoBioMatters S.I. Active nanocomposites Biocides, antioxidant films Commercial Nanocor/Amcol Int. Nanocomposites Resin, Film, Bottles Commercial EMS Chemie Nanocomposites/PA Film Commercial Ube Nanocomposites/PA Film Commercial Allied Signal Nanocomposites/PA Development Bayer Nanocomposites/PA Development Honeywell Nanocomposites/PA Development ICI/Du Pont Nanocomposites/PET Film Development Eastman Nanocomposites/PET Bottles Development TetraPak Nanocomposites/PET Bottles Laboratory ICI Nanocomposites/melamine Bottles Development PPG Industries Nanocomposites/epoxy Bottles Development 4

5 Overview Introduction Existing Applications Recent Research and Opportunities RESEARCH AREA OF NANO FOOD PACKAGING Development Biobased nanocomposite film/coating: mechanical and barrier properties improvement, active function, exploring nanomaterial and method to incorporate. Development more active packaging. Development more intelligent packaging. Safety aspects: migration test of nano FCMs. 5

6 Research area of active packaging Antimicrobial activity: by embedding/incorporating nanoparticles (silver, ZnO, TiO2) in plastic polymer (PET, PA (Nylon), LDPE, PLA, biopolymer). Oxygen scavenger: by embedding Fe/Fe2O3 nanoparticles or nanoclay containing enzyme glucose oxidase, immobilized yeast. Ethylene scavenger: by incorporating nanoclay containing KMnO4 into PE, PP, PS, or PVC films. Odor removal: by using nanocomposite films containing ZnO, MgO NPs. Recent research of active packaging There were improvements in mechanical, water vapor barrier and thermal stability by incorporating ZnO NPs. Films incorporated with BEO greatly inhibited the growth of Gram positive and Gram negative food borne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. The use of ZnO NPs enhance amtimicrobial activity of the films. 6

7 Recent research of bionanocomposites Recent research of active packaging 7

Recent research of active packaging (a) Transmission electron micrograph of untreated normal

(d) Micrograph of deteriorated and ruptured S.

Recent research of active packaging The scavenger capacity of nano sized oxygen scavenger was

8 Recent research of active packaging (a) Transmission electron micrograph of untreated normal S. typhimurium cells, (b) effects of nanoparticles on the cells (marked with arrows), (c) and (d) Micrograph of deteriorated and ruptured S. typhimurium cells treated with ZnO nanoparticles. Recent research of active packaging The scavenger capacity of nano sized oxygen scavenger was 1.4 times over that of conventional oxygen scavenger, which indicated that the scavenging extent and speed of the nanosised iron was far greater than that of conventional iron powders. 8

9 Intelligent Packaging Nanoparticle based intelligent inks (leakage MAP) Nano(bio)sensors for monitoring i food product for microbial and environmental safety and traceability (e.g. nanosensors with luminescent protein to bind to bacteria, DNA based biochips to detect pathogens or toxin producing fungi) Smartlabels incorporating Radio FrequencyIdentification Display (RFID) to enable tracking of food products during transport and distribution. Recent research of intelligent packaging Detection of surface ph of paper using a chitosan modified silica fluorescent nanosensor Original Research Article Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 195, May 2014, Pages Yingjuan Qu, Haizhou Han, Xingwang Zheng, Zhihui Guo, Yuhu Li A novel molecular imprinted nanosensor based quartz crystal microbalance for determination of kaempferol Original Research Article Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 194, April 2014, Pages VinodKumar Gupta, Mehmet Lütfi Yola, NecipAtar A novel ultrasensitive carboxymethyl chitosan quantum dot based fluorescence turn on off nanosensor for lysozyme detection Original Research Article. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, In Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available online 30 April Yu Song, Yang Li, Ziping Liu, Linlin Liu, Xinyan Wang, Xingguang Su, Qiang Ma 9

Recent research of nano packaging at IPB Bio

biodegradable polyesters and nanoparticles.

nanocomposite films: antimicrobial packaging,

10 Recent research of nano packaging at IPB Bio nanocomposites based on biopolymers, biodegradable polyesters and nanoparticles. Application of nanocoating for preserving fresh fruits. Development active packaging based on nanocomposite films: antimicrobial packaging, ethylene scavenger. Development intelligent packaging with nanosensors as freshness indicator of fruits. 10

11 ZnO-NPs, d= 20 nm Dispersed in ditilled water High shear homogenization ZnO-NPs solution Nanodispersion technique Particle size analysis Mixing, 6 h Pectin powder Solution of Pectin-ZnO NPs Casting in PTFE mold Drying (45 o C, 12 h) Intercalated Pectin Polymer ZnO NPs dispersed in water Exfoliated 8 g of pectin powder 400 ml 22 11

12 Mechanical Properties Incorporation of ZnO NPs improved TS but slightly decreased %E of pectin films. Plasticizer should be used in the next work. Potential Antimicrobial Activity 0% ZnO 0.5% ZnO 1.0% ZnO 2.0% ZnO 5.0% ZnO Intensive fungal growth was observed on the surface of pure pectin films and slight growth was detected on the surface of pectin films containing i 0.5 of ZnO- NPs. No growth of fungi was observed on the surface of pectin films containing ZnO-NPs 1.0%. 12

Strawberry coating Application as edible

due to its visible ibl appeal, taste t and

However, it has high sensitivity to fungal

3 treatments were conducted: no coating,

Coating with pectin Coating with pectin ZnO

13 Strawberry coating Application as edible coating of Strawberry Strawberry is popular due to its visible ibl appeal, taste t and flavour. However, it has high sensitivity to fungal decay resulting in short shelf-life. 3 treatments were conducted: no coating, coating with pectin, and pectin + 1% ZnO-NPs Expected effects: Fungal growth inhibition. Effect of Edible Coating on Strawberry Stored at 5 o C 0 Control (without coating) Coating with pectin Coating with pectin ZnO Day 7 Day Strawberries without coating and coating with pure pectin were moldy and not acceptable after 7 days of storage at 5 o C

Effect of Edible Coating on Strawberry Stored at Room Temperature

pectin ZnO Day 3 Day Five of six strawberries without coating and

All strawberries coated with pectin- ZnO nanocomposite were still

27 pectin ZnO Day 7 Day All strawberries without coating and

There were still healthy fruits coated with pectin-zno

14 Effect of Edible Coating on Strawberry Stored at Room Temperature 0 Control (without coating) Coating with pectin Coating with pectin ZnO Day 3 Day Five of six strawberries without coating and coating with only pectin were moldy after 3 days of storage. All strawberries coated with pectin- ZnO nanocomposite were still in good condition. 27 Effect of Edible Coating on Strawberry Stored at Room Temperature 0 Control (without coating) Coating with pectin Coating with pectin ZnO Day 7 Day All strawberries without coating and coating with only pectin were moldy after 7 days of storage. There were still healthy fruits coated with pectin-zno nanocomposite

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LECTURE 10. PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY

LECTURE 10. PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY The increasing demand for fresh and quality packaged food, consumer convenience and manufacturers concern for longer shelf life of the food products is driving the market