Module Outline. 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know
|
|
|
- Kathryn Morton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Module Outline 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know 2. Bacteria: features, functions, communities & taxonomy 3. Other microbes: archaea, fungi, viruses, parasites (protozoa & helminths)
2 Bacteria Outline 1. Overview 2. Structural & Functional Features 3. Taxonomy 4. Communities
3 Bacteria 1. Appear to be the most functionally important 99% of the metagenome contribute the majority of the functional capacity and diversity of the microbiome Most of the biomass Extensive known interactions with human physiology 2. They are the best-characterized so far Most other microbes have been harder to study, for various reasons
4 Metagenome Source: WGO Handbook on Gut Microbes (World Gastroenterology Organisation)
5 Bacteria Hundreds of species per individual Main groups (phyla) Firmicutes Bacteroidetes Proteobacteria Actinobacteria Form complex communities that vary along digestive tract
6 Bacteria: Categorization Commensals vs. transients Beneficial vs. harmful Gram positive vs. gram negative Aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic Taxonomy
7 INTERNAL (Long-term) Commensals (Symbionts) Dysbiosis & Pathobionts EXTERNAL (Transient) Beneficial Microbes Pathogens & Parasites
8 Bacteria: Categorization Commensals vs. transients Beneficial vs. harmful Gram positive vs. gram negative Aerobic, anaerobic, facultative anaerobic Taxonomy
9 Bacteria Outline 1. Overview 2. Structural & Functional Features 3. Taxonomy 4. Communities
10 Microbiome MAMPs Metabolites Mucosal Barrier
11 Structural Components Major determinants of intestinal barrier response to microbiome Major determinants of virulence Major determinants of morphology and some functions of bacteria
12 Key Bacterial Components Capsule, cell wall / membrane components Lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin gram negative) Peptidoglycans & lipoteichoic acid (gram positive) Glycoproteins Others Flagella and pili (if present) DNA (circular chromosome and plasmids) Proteins and other components
13 Immune System Perspective MAMPS > Receptors Microbe-associated molecular patterns - recognized by specialized receptors Important for innate immune response Antigens > Antibodies Recognized by antibodies Important for adaptive immune response Metabolites Can have direct and indirect effects on immune system
14 Immune Responses Innate and Adaptive Innate more general, first-line defense (MAMPs) Adaptive more specific, can be delayed (antigens) Inflammation & immunotolerance Inflammation - Inflammatory immune cells & cytokines Anti-inflammatory or immunotolerance Involves antiinflammatory immune cells & cytokines
15 Do bacteria need to be alive to elicit a mucosal (immune, epithelial) response? No. Isolated components can elicit a response.
16 Source: Wikipedia
17 Source: Wikipedia
18 Source: CellsAlive.com
19 Capsule / Slime Layer Gelatinous outer layer made of polysaccharides Some have it, others don t Variable thickness Some have defined capsule, others amorphous Helps mediate adherence Virulence factor (limit phagocytosis) Source: Todar s Online Textbook of Bacteriology
20 Lipopolysaccharide (Endotoxin) Gram-negative bacteria Lipid + polysaccharide Essential structural role + adhesion Elicits a strong inflammatory response (e.g. septic shock) Used routinely in research to generate inflammation in lab animals Plays a role in chronic inflammation (bacterial overgrowth, leaky gut)
21 Summary: Structural Components 1. There are many structural features of gut microbes that the gut mucosa can recognize & respond to 2. Specific MAMPs and antigens allow immune system to recognize and respond specifically to different types of bacteria & other microbes
22 Functional Testing No routine clinical tests measure structural components directly Indirect tests: Microbiome (bacterial) composition tests (stool culture, DNA) LPS antibodies (Cyrex) Intestinal permeability tests (lactulose/mannitol test, zonulin test) Immune system responses (inflammatory markers)
23 Microbiome MAMPs Metabolites Mucosal Barrier
24 Key Functions of Bacteria Survival & reproduction (replicate as fast as minutes) Energy production & biosynthesis (available substrates + functional capacity) Adaptation, defense & competition, interaction & cooperation (communities), attachment & motility, etc.
25 Anaerobic (fermentation) Vast majority of gut microbes are anaerobic Tolerance to oxygen varies among anaerobes, some are strict anaerobes Aerobic respiration Energy Production Facultative anaerobes Aerobic respiration if oxygen present; anaerobic if not
26 Oxygen AGE Availability Longitudinal: Lower GI lumen is anaerobic, upper GI has higher oxygen availability Cross-sectional: Lumen has less (or no) oxygen, mucosal tissue has higher oxygen (diffusion from circulation)
27 O 2 Tolerance & Metabolism IMPORTANCE? A DETERMINANT OF What they consume and produce Where they thrive in GI tract Pathogenic potential: higher oxygen levels may favor pathogens & pathobionts Which ones can be easily cultured in a lab or commercial (probiotic) production facility
28 Sources of Metabolic Substrates DIET Carbohydrate residues Protein residues Fats Phytochemicals / polyphenols Some drugs, toxins, etc. BODY Mucus Digestive enzymes Bile acids, liver detox products, etc. Dead cell components MICROBES Microbial metabolites Dead microbe components
29 Variability in Substrates Meal-to-meal and day-to-day variations in composition, quality, amount and timing Digestive health, physiology & circadian rhythms Response to diet, stress, other factors Changes in microbe composition: daily, longerterm, infections
30 Metabolic Products (Metabolites) Short-chain fatty acids Branched-chain fatty acids Lactate, succinate, other organic acids Gases: H 2, CO 2, CH 4, H 2 S Amino acids Biogenic amines Vitamin K, B vitamins Polyphenol derivatives Secondary bile acids Ethanol Drug and toxin derivatives Neurotransmitters Wide range of other metabolites (METABOLOME)
31 Metabolic Products (Metabolites) Hundreds/thousands, most are uncharacterized May be beneficial, harmful, or neutral Effects often context-dependent (e.g., diet, genes) Microbial metabolism adds a layer of complexity (and opportunity!) to nutrition & physiology
32 1 absorption microbiome 2 absorption 3 microbial use 4 elimination
33
34
35 Metabolic Diversity BACTERIAL GROUPS Bacteroides, Prevotella, Bifidobacteria, Fusobacterium Oxalobacter, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium Bacteroides Prevotella ENRICHED PATHWAYS Carbohydrate metabolism Oxalate metabolism Biotin and riboflavin biosynthesis Thiamine and folate biosynthesis
36 Short Chain Fatty Acids Major products produced by gut bacteria Produced primarily from undigested carbohydrates via fermentation Also produced from protein fermentation > 95% absorbed from the gut (testing caveat!)
37 Benefits of SCFAs Anti-inflammatory (promote Treg cells) Intestinal barrier maintenance Primary energy source for colon cells Contribute to caloric intake (up to 10%) Contribute to acidic conditions in colon (inhibits pathogens) Metabolic regulation (satiety, fat metabolism, glucose metabolism) Promote brain health Influence cell growth & differentiation Influence gene expression (epigenetics)
38
39
40
41
42
43 Lactate L-lactate produced by many gut bacteria mainly from starch, not fiber Not a major fermentation product but critical for maintaining redox balance during fermentation Contributes to acidic conditions in colon Used by other gut bacteria as well as by intestinal mucosa cells D-lactate also produced by a few species, can be toxic at high concentrations
44
45 Hydrogen & Methane HYDROGEN (H 2 ) Produced by a wide range of bacteria from carbohydrate and protein breakdown Roughly 1 liter per day produced (majority is usually consumed by other bacteria - e.g., methanogens) Measurement of H 2 in breath used as an indicator of SIBO In SIBO / IBS, associated with diarrhea-predominant symptoms METHANE (CH 4 ) Produced by methanogens (Archeae) from H 2 Measurement of CH 4 in breath used as an indicator of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) In SIBO / IBS, associated with constipationpredominant symptoms
46 SOURCE: Protein Fermentation
47 Protein Fermentation Products SCFAs and branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs), primarily by Clostridia Putrefactive / autointoxication products Ammonia Phenol Amines (putrescine, cadaverine, etc.) Hydrogen sulfide Thiols Indolic compounds
48 Protein Fermentation Products Generally increase toward distal colon May produce toxic effects in the body (e.g., cancer in distal colon), but likely depends on dose & context But, some have beneficial effects Many products metabolized by other bacteria
49
50 p-cresol Potential toxin produced via protein fermentation from some commensal bacteria (produced from tyrosine) May contribute to risk or disease progression for colon cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and autism (associated with elevated p-cresol) Tends to be higher in those with higher protein and slowed transit (constipation) Levels have been shown to be reduced via various dietary fibers, resistant starches, and some polyphenols Diet + microbiome interactions = individual variability
51
52
53 Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) Associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease and a few other diseases The precursor TMA is produced by gut bacteria from phosphatidylcholine (lecithin), L-carnitine, and betaine, and then converted to TMAO by the liver TMAO is also produced directly by some gut bacteria TMAO is a bundant in some seafood TMA levels depend on microbiome composition and diet; levels tend to be lower in vegetarians and vegans
54
55
56
57 Summary Points: Metabolites Wide range of metabolites produced by microbial metabolism in the gut Many have been shown to have beneficial or harmful effects Many have been linked to various diseases and conditions Various microbes have been shown to be primary producers of key metabolites, making them desirable targets for therapeutic interventions
58 Functional Testing Microbial organic acids (urine) Modified and unmodified Stool tests SCFAs Secondary bile acids Protein fermentation products TMAO test (Cleveland HeartLab)
59 Microbiome MAMPs Metabolites Mucosa
60
61
62 Microbiome MAMPs Metabolites Receptors Receptors Mucosa
63 Bacteria Outline 1. Overview 2. Structural & Functional Features 3. Taxonomy 4. Communities
Gut Microbiome Essentials
CORE COMPONENTS I: Gut Microbiome Essentials 2016 Tom Fabian, PhD Module Outline 1. Microbiome overview: getting a sense of the microbiome, research, what we know 2. Bacteria: features, functions, communities
Dysbiosis & Inflammation
MASTERING THE MICROBIOME: Dysbiosis & Inflammation 2017 Tom Fabian, PhD It is reasonable to propose that the composition of the microbiome and its activities are involved in most, if not all, of the biological
HOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH
HOW THE MICROBIOME AFFECTS OUR HEALTH THE INTESTINAL BARRIER AND INTESTINAL PERMEABILITY Intestinal Barrier: a functional body Defense from translocation of dietary antigens, bacteria or bacterial endotoxins
Laboratory report. Test: Leaky gut test. Sample material: stool. John Doe Main St 1 Anytown
1 / 5 Verisana LAB John Doe Main St 1 Anytown Surname, First name Doe, John DOB 02/13/1980 Sex male Laboratory # 20020181 Date collected 01/25/2018 Date received 02/01/2018 Report date 02/13/2018 Laboratory
INTRODUCING YOUR GUT BACTERIA
INTRODUCING YOUR GUT BACTERIA Microflora Intestinal flora 1.5 kg We would die with 5 years of birth if we did not have them as we would not develop a proper immune system 1000 species and 5000 strains
9/25/2018 COPE WEBINAR SERIES FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DID YOU USE YOUR PHONE TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR?
COPE WEBINAR SERIES FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONALS DID YOU USE YOUR PHONE TO ACCESS THE WEBINAR? September 26, 2018 The Gut Microbiome-Diabetes Connection Moderator: Lisa Diewald MS, RD, LDN Program Manager
The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target.
Michael Connolly Department of Food Biosciences, The University of Reading The role of intestinal microbiota in metabolic disease-a novel therapeutic target. University of Reading 2008 www.reading.ac.uk
Gut Microbiota and IBD. Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI
Gut Microbiota and IBD Vahedi. H M.D Associate Professor of Medicine DDRI 1393.3.1 2 GUT MICROBIOTA 100 Trillion Microbes - 10 times more than cells in our body Collective weight of about 1kg in human
Microbiome GI Disorders
Microbiome GI Disorders Prof. Ram Dickman Neurogastroenterology Unit Rabin Medical Center Israel 1 Key Points Our gut microbiota Were to find them? Symbiosis or Why do we need them? Dysbiosis or when things
INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES
EXAMPLES OF INDIVIDUAL ANALYSES INTESTINAL MICROBIOTA Microbiota in the animal or human intestine has evolved together with the host. Consequently, the gastrointestinal tract could be considered a metacommunity,
ROLE OF THE GUT BACTERIA
ROLE OF THE GUT BACTERIA Our Good Bacteria In a perfect world, we would all have a proper ratio of good bacteria And what could this proper ratio do for us? The knowledge of the connections between our
Bacteriology. Mycology. Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: Rare. Rare. Positive. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: 3.2 0.9-26.8 U/g 1.2 0.2-3.3 mg/g 2.2 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 1.1 1.3-23.7 mg/g 1.1 0.2-3.5 mg/g Rare 1.0 0.2-8.8 mg/g Rare 4.4 2.6-32.4 mg/g 64.6 >= 13.6 micromol/g Bacteriology
Mark Manary MD. International Symposium on Understanding Moderate Malnutrition in Children for Effective Interventions
Possible role of the microbiome in the development of acute malnutrition and implications for food-based strategies to prevent and treat acute malnutrition International Symposium on Understanding Moderate
The Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain
The Gut Microbiota: Evidence For Gut Microbes as Contributors to Weight Gain Michael T. Bailey, Ph.D. Center for Microbial Pathogenesis The Research Institute, Nationwide Children s Hospital Department
Ever wonder what s really happening on the inside?
For Practitioners Ever wonder what s really happening on the inside? Are your patients suffering from diarrhea, constipation, bloating, gas or indigestion? Rocky Mountain Analytical is now offering Gut-Well
The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic and germ cells.
The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic and germ cells. The number of microorganisms residing in our intestines is 10 times the number of our somatic
Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease
Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease February 27, 2015 Master s Course in Gastroenterology Prof. Kathy McCoy 1 Overview Overview of Gut Microbiota Microbiota in Health Microbiota in Disease 2 Gut
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH?
GUT MICROBIOME WHAT IS IT? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH? Corrie Whisner, PhD School of Nutrition and Health Promotion Arizona State University Center for Research on Ingredient Safety Annual Meeting
Bacteriology. Mycology. Patient: REDOX Biomedicine Co., Ltd. Referring Laboratory Attn Alan Ou 5F, No. 369, Song Jiang Road Taipei, Taiwan
ex: MN: Completed: eptember 23, 2011 eceived: eptember 15, 2011 Collected: eptember 14, 2011 EDOX Biomedicine Co., Ltd. eferring Laboratory Attn Alan Ou 5F, No. 369, ong Jiang oad Taipei, 10482 Taiwan
SIBO
SIBO What is it? Small Intestinal Bowel Overgrowth A chronic bacterial infection of the small intestine Caused by bad bacteria such as E Coli and Clostridium migrating to the small intestine There is not
Bacteriology. Mycology. Genova Diagnostics SAMPLE REPORT. Rare. Rare. Negative. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Completed: November 2010 Genova Diagnostics eceived: October 2010 Collected: October 2010 oute Number:7 4.2 0.9-26.8 U/g 0.9 0.2-3.3 mg/g 0.8 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 42.7 1.3-23.7 mg/g 1.7 0.2-3.5 mg/g are
Microbiome as Predictor of Benefit and Toxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy
Microbiome as Predictor of Benefit and Toxicity in Cancer Immunotherapy Giuliana Magri, Ph.D Optimizing Immunotherapy New Approaches, Biomarkers, Sequences and Combinations PRBB Auditorium, Barcelona October
HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA
HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA Patrizia Brigidi Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy patrizia.brigididi@unibo.it The Gut-Liver axis: a bidirectional relation in health and disease
Gut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche
Gut Lung Axis Implication of the Gut Microbiota beyond its niche Reema Subramanian PhD Candidate (4 th year) Supervisor: Prof. Margaret Ip Department of Microbiology, CUHK Joint Graduate Student Seminar
Welke rol speelt het microbioom bij malaborptie? - Microbiome and malabsorption -
Welke rol speelt het microbioom bij malaborptie? - Microbiome and malabsorption - Daisy Jonkers Division Gastroenterology-Hepatology Maastricht University Medical Center+ 20 april 2017 d.jonkers@maastrichtuniversity.nl
THE LIVER AND THE GUT
THE LIVER AND THE GUT Liver & Gut A quintessential relationship One does not work well without the other There is a continuous bidirectional communication between these organs through the bile, hormones,
Slide 1. Slide 2 Learning outcomes. Slide 3. Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota. The importance of microbiota
Slide 1 Year 1 MBChB Lecture 15 Introduction to the Gut Microbiota Professor Barry Campbell Gastroenterology Research Unit Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine bjcampbl@liv.ac.uk
Slide 1 THE LIVER AND THE GUT. Slide 2 Liver & Gut. Slide 3 Gut Health For Detoxing
Slide 1 THE LIVER AND THE GUT Slide 2 Liver & Gut A quintessential relationship One does not work well without the other There is a continuous bidirectional communication between these organs through the
The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development
The Gut-Brain Axis The impact of the microbiome on brain and cognitive development Diane Stadler, PhD, RD Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon Lao-American Nutrition Institute With acknowledgements
The Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota
The Gut Microbiome: 101 Justin Carlson University of Minnesota Where are we now? 360 B.C. 2003 Human Gut Microbes Associated With Obesity Ley et al., Nature. 2006. Consumer Driven Science For Better of
Understanding probiotics and health
Understanding probiotics and health Gemma Laws MSc Student Microbiology and Immunology Department The gut microbiota The name given to the total microbial population living in our intestine Bacteria, fungi,
Diet, genetics and microbes in the global epidemic of modern lifestyle diseases
Diet, genetics and microbes in the global epidemic of modern lifestyle diseases Charles Perkins Centre Andrew Holmes School of Life and Environmental Sciences Lifestyle diseases are multifactorial: This
Summary of Product Characteristics
Brand Name: OXALO [Pre Probiotic] Capsules Therapeutic Category: Prevention of Stone Formation Urinary tract stone disease has been a part of the human condition for millennia; in fact, bladder and kidney
Assessing Gut Issues: Short Chain Fatty Acids Elizabeth Redmond, PhD, MMSc, RD
Assessing Gut Issues: Short Chain Fatty Acids Elizabeth Redmond, PhD, MMSc, RD Chair-Elect Dietitians in Integrative and Functional Medicine DPG Education Specialist, Metametrix Laboratory, Georgia Short
Non-Invasive Assessment of Intestinal Function
Overview Non-Invasive Assessment of Intestinal Function Introduction This paper will demonstrate that the 13 C-sucrose breath test ( 13 C-SBT) determines the health and function of the small intestine.
P A T I E N T H A N D B O O K
PATIENT HANDBOOK Heal Your Gut, Heal Your Body The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most sophisticated systems of the human body. We often think of the GI tract for its primary role in digesting
Physiology of the gut and mechanisms of prebiotic effect. Joanne Slavin, Ph.D, R.D. Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota
Physiology of the gut and mechanisms of prebiotic effect Joanne Slavin, Ph.D, R.D. Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Minnesota Fermentable carbohydrate: GI Tract Incompletely digested
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis
Diet, Microbiome and Health Cindy D. Davis davisci@mail.nih.gov OFFICE OF DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS 1 Outline 1.What is the microbiome? 2.How does it vary over the lifespan? 3.What is the evidence that diet
Poultry Gut Health 2018: Holistic View
Poultry Gut Health 2018: Holistic View Overview Importance of gut health in 2018 poultry production Normal gut : Interaction of microbiota, immunity and performance: key messages Negative gut health drivers
BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS
BACTERIAL PATHOGENESIS A pathogen is a microorganism that is able to cause disease. Pathogenicity is the ability to produce disease in a host organism. Virulence a term which refers to the degree of pathogenicity
Functional Nutrition Approaches to Gut Health 20 CPEU Module accredited by Nutrition Mission
Topics Covered 1. Good Health Starts in the Gut 2. Microbiome Part 1 3. Microbiome Part 2 4. What Can Go Wrong 5. FODMAP Intolerance 6. GERD 7. Celiac Disease 8. Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity 9. Intestinal
4/17/2019 DISCLOSURES OBJECTIVES GI MICROBIOME & HEALTH: A REVIEW. Nancy C. Kois, MD, FCAP Contemporary Pathology Services. There are no disclosures
GI MICROBIOME & HEALTH: A REVIEW Nancy C. Kois, MD, FCAP Contemporary Pathology Services DISCLOSURES There are no disclosures OBJECTIVES Definitions: GI microbiota, GI microbiome, probiotic, prebiotic
MICROBIOM AND OBESITY HEINZ GYAKY 2018 BUDAPEST
MICROBIOM AND OBESITY HEINZ GYAKY 2018 BUDAPEST HUMAN MICROBIOM 10 Billion bacterias are building a 1,5 2 kg heavy human microbiom It is located mainly in the human gut There is a intestinal controlled
Like every other part of the body gut bacteria can affect the thyroid and how it functions The information is preliminary Much of it is linking
THYROID AND THE GUT Like every other part of the body gut bacteria can affect the thyroid and how it functions The information is preliminary Much of it is linking thyroid issues with abnormal gut bacteria
PREBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION
PREBIOTIC MECHANISMS OF ACTION Seema Hooda, Kelly S. Swanson, George C. Fahey, Jr. Department t of Animal Sciences Division of Nutritional Sciences University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institute
Slide 1 THYROID AND THE GUT. Slide 2. Slide 3 The Gut Affecting The Thyroid
Slide 1 THYROID AND THE GUT Slide 2 Like every other part of the body gut bacteria can affect the thyroid and how it functions The information is preliminary Much of it is linking thyroid issues with abnormal
TASTE THE RAINBOW A HEALTHY GUT
TASTE THE RAINBOW A HEALTHY GUT HAVE YOU.. Taken antibiotics in the past two years? Used anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin or ibuprofen? Eaten processed foods? Drink sodas? Eaten foods with chemical
Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology
Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Definitions Path- means disease. Pathogenesis The steps or mechanisms involved in the development of a disease. Infection The presence
ESSENTIAL OILS & The MICROBIOME
ESSENTIAL OILS & The MICROBIOME BAHAR MAHMOUDI CONTENTS - The Human Microbiome - Benefits of the Normal Flora - Microbiome Improvement - Essential Oils 1 What is Human Microbiome Microbe: Tiny living organism,
Classification of Infectious Agents. Dr W. D. Colby
Classification of Infectious Agents Dr W. D. Colby Nonliving Infectious Agents PRIONS: abnormally configured self-replicating protein templates VIRUSES: nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) genes packaged in protein
VITAMINS, MINERALS AND THE GUT
VITAMINS, MINERALS AND THE GUT Nutrients Looking at individual nutrients that are involved with gut health can be misleading This is not about taking individual nutrients It supports more a whole food
The Bi-Phasic SIBO Protocol Module 1 Diagnosing SIBO
Dr Nirala Jacobi, BHSc, ND Author, SIBO Bi-Phasic Treatment Protocol and the SIBO Bi-Phasic Diet Medical Director, SIBOTest.com and host of TheSIBODoctor.com The Bi-Phasic SIBO Protocol Module 1 Diagnosing
WEBINAR Microbial Metabolism Associated with Health. 12 April 2018; CET
WEBINAR Microbial Metabolism Associated with Health 12 April 2018; 15.00-16.30 CET PROGRAMME Brief Introduction of Both Organisations and Scientific Background Dr Bettina Schelkle (ILSI Europe, BE) Dr
Interpretive Guide INFECTION INFLAMMATION INSUFFICIENCY IMBALANCE. Infection Box Inflammation Box Insufficiency Box Imbalance Box
Interpretive Guide Interpretive Guide The GI Effects Interpretive Guide has been created to provide a high-level approach to the GI Effects profile, biomarker interpretation, and therapeutic considerations.
Health Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber
Health Benefits of Prebiotic Dietary Fiber JENNIFER ERICKSON, PhD, RD Objectives Provide some background on dietary fiber To define the term "prebiotic dietary fiber" To discuss potential health effects
Bibliografia Microbiota
Bibliografia Microbiota Systematic Review: Gut Microbiota in Fecal Samples and Detection of Colorectal Neoplasms. The role of the intestinal microbiome in ocular inflammatory disease. The gut microbiome
What are probiotics? How do probiotics benefit health?
The culture club So, you re clean eating, gluten free, fasting, eating avocados like their going out of fashion, chugging down green juices with the latest wonder powders and using coconut oil to cook
Clinically proven to quickly relieve symptoms of common gastrointestinal disorders. TERRAGASTRO - Good health starts in the gut
Clinically proven to quickly relieve symptoms of common gastrointestinal disorders GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE Referred to as gastrointestinal diseases, they are common disorders which affect the esophagus,
Chapter 4 Prokaryotic Profiles
Chapter 4 Prokaryotic Profiles Topics: External Structures Cell Envelope Internal Structures Cell Shapes, Arrangement, and Sizes Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms Prokaryotes include two small groups
TEST PATIENT. Date of Birth : 12-Jan-1999 Sex : M Collected : 25-Oct TEST DRIVE. Lab id :
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2 MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Stool Colour Brown Brown Colour - Brown is the colour of normal stool. Other colours may indicate abnormal GIT conditions. Stool Form
Gut-Well Accession:
E: info@rmalab.com P: 403-241-4500 F: 403-241-4501 www.rmalab.com Date of Collection: Time of Collection: Date of Receipt: Reported On: 2018/02/04 12:00AM 2018/02/09 2018/03/14 Gut-Well Accession: 123456
Increasing barrier function with multispecies probiotics
Increasing barrier function with multispecies probiotics Elsbeth Pekelharing, MSc Science Liaison We strive for the most effective microbiome management solutions with our evidence-based & indication-specific
Beta Glucan Synbiotic Formula Brief
Beta Glucan Synbiotic Formula Brief The Philosophy Complex chronic diseases are a mounting problem worldwide with many factors giving rise to a pandemic concern. Pollution, life style choices, stress levels,
Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health
Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health Dietary Fiber and its Influence on Gut Health It is well known that dietary fiber plays a significant role in preventing non-communicable diseases such as
Normal Human Flora. (Human Microbiome) Dr.Sarmad M.H. Zeiny Baghdad College of Medicine
Normal Human Flora (Human Microbiome) Dr.Sarmad M.H. Zeiny Baghdad College of Medicine 2014-2015 Objectives Describe important human normal flora. Demonstrate the epidemiology of human normal flora. Determine
Resistant Starch for a Healthy Gut
Resistant Starch for a Healthy Gut Experience Life Resistant Starch for a Healthy Gut Heather Rogers March 2016 Long underappreciated, resistant starch is a friendly carb component that delivers healthy
Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk
Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk Dr Silvia Gratz Research Fellow Gut Health - Microbiology The Rowett Institute University of Aberdeen Processed meat is classified as human carcinogen
INSIDER S GUIDE Organic Acids: Dysbiosis By Ron Grisanti, D.C. & Dicken Weatherby, N.D.
Functional Medicine University s Functional Diagnostic Medicine Training Program INSIDER S GUIDE Organic Acids: Dysbiosis By Ron Grisanti, D.C. & Dicken Weatherby, N.D. http://www.functionalmedicineuniversity.com
Myalgic encephalomyelitis: A highly prevalent debilitating disease
Myalgic encephalomyelitis: A highly prevalent debilitating disease Persistent, debilitating fatigue associated with numerous physical and neurocognitive symptoms Disease severity can range from moderate
PWS Conference October 27, 2013 Dr. Seema Kanwal, ND
PWS Conference October 27, 2013 Dr. Seema Kanwal, ND Overview Normal gut structure & function Muscle Tone Metabolic therapy Over the course of a lifetime the average person consumes more than 25 tons of
Bacteriology. Mycology. Patient: SAMPLE PATIENT DOB: Sex: MRN: None. Rare. Negative. Brown. Negative *NG. Negative
Patient: AMPLE PATIENT DOB: ex: MN: 5.3 0.9-26.8 U/g 0.3 0.2-3.3 mg/g 0.9 1.3-8.6 micromol/g 12.4 1.3-23.7 mg/g 0.5 0.2-3.5 mg/g None 1.5 0.2-8.8 mg/g are 14.7 2.6-32.4 mg/g 21.3 >= 13.6 micromol/g Bacteriology
The role of gut microbiome in IBS
The role of gut microbiome in IBS Chung Owyang, MD H. Marvin Pollard Professor of Internal Medicine Professor of Molecular and Integrative Physiology Chief, Division of Gastroenterology Director, Pollard
Cell Structure. Morphology of Prokaryotic Cell. Cytoplasmic Membrane 4/6/2011. Chapter 3. Cytoplasmic membrane
Cell Structure Chapter 3 Morphology of Prokaryotic Cell Cytoplasmic membrane Delicate thin fluid structure Surrounds cytoplasm of cell Defines boundary Defines boundary Serves as a selectively permeable
2/3/2011. Adhesion of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 to human intestinal
PROBIOTICS LEARNING THE WHY AND WHEN PROBIOTICS DEFINITION live micro-organisms organisms that are beneficial to the host organism WHO: Live organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer
PATHOGENICITY OF MICROORGANISMS
PATHOGENICITY OF MICROORGANISMS Some microorganisms are : 1- Harmless microorganism, as normal flora 2- Harmfull microorganism, as pathogenic. A pathogenic microorganism is defined as one that causes or
Diverticular Disease: Looking beyond fiber
Binghamton University The Open Repository @ Binghamton (The ORB) Health & Wellness Studies Faculty Scholarship Decker School of Nursing Fall 10-28-2015 Diverticular Disease: Looking beyond fiber Lina Begdache
!Microbiology Profile, stool
LAB #: F000000-0000-0 PATIENT: Sample Patient ID: P12345 SEX: Female AGE: 37 CLIENT #: 12345 DOCTOR: Doctor's Data, Inc. 3755 Illinois Ave. St. Charles, IL 60174!Microbiology Profile, stool BACTERIOLOGY
Essential 5R Protocol
Essential 5R Protocol Essential 5R Protocol Just as the gastrointestinal (GI) system is located centrally in our bodies, it also plays a central role in the overall health of both body and mind. Medical
R&D Forum 2. Protein
R&D Forum 2 Protein Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal cancer risk Speaker: Silvia Gratz, Research Fellow, The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, UK Dietary protein, red meat and colorectal
Comprehensive Stool Analysis / Parasitology x3
Comprehensive Stool Analysis / Parasitology x3 BACTERIOLOGY CULTURE Expected/Beneficial flora Commensal (Imbalanced) flora Dysbiotic flora 4+ Bacteroides fragilis group 1+ Enterobacter cloacae 2+ Bifidobacterium
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Severe sepsis and Diarrhea : a Case Report
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Severe sepsis and Diarrhea : a Case Report Qiurong Li Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital Nanjing Univeristy Gut Microbiota 100 trillion cells 10-fold of
9/8/17. Reducing Inflammation + Supporting the Immune System. Module #2 Fighting Inflammation
Reducing Inflammation + Supporting the Immune System 1 Table of Contents Module 1: What is Inflammation? Inflammatory markers Signs and symptoms Chronic disease risk Module 2: Fighting Inflammation Acidity/alkalinity
The Microbiome & the Effect on Health
The Microbiome & the Effect on Health Dr. Wendy Abraham Naturopathic Physician Microbial genes outnumber our genes 100-150:1 No 2 people share the same microbial make-up genes encode proteins proteins
GAS. What Is It? What Causes It? Digestive System
Digestive System GAS What Is It? The presence of excessive gas in the stomach is known as eructation/belching and in the intestines it is known as flatulence. Flatulence, when paired with other gastrointestinal
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2
COMPLETE DIGESTIVE STOOL ANALYSIS - Level 2 MACROSCOPIC DESCRIPTION Stool Colour Brown Brown Colour - Brown is the colour of normal stool. Other colours may indicate abnormal GIT conditions. Stool Form
Digestive Care Advisor Training #1. Digestion 101 & H.O.P.E.
Digestive Care Advisor Training #1 & H.O.P.E. The Digestive System in Brief The Process of Digestion The human digestive system is a complex series of organs and glands that process food and excrete waste.
Microbiome in You: Optimizing Gut Bacteria for Better IBD Management
Microbiome in You: Optimizing Gut Bacteria for Better IBD Management KT Park, M.D., M.S. Assistant Professor Co-Director, Stanford Children s Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Stanford University School
Cell Cell
Go to cellsalive.com. Select Interactive Cell Models: Plant and Animal. Fill in the information on Plant and Animal Organelles, then Click on Start the Animation Select Plant or Animal Cell below the box.
Respiration. Respiration. How Cells Harvest Energy. Chapter 7
How Cells Harvest Energy Chapter 7 Respiration Organisms can be classified based on how they obtain energy: autotrophs: are able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis heterotrophs:
Ch 07. Microbial Metabolism
Ch 07 Microbial Metabolism SLOs Differentiate between metabolism, catabolism, and anabolism. Fully describe the structure and function of enzymes. Differentiate between constitutive and regulated enzymes.
Bringing Synbiotic Interventions in Cancer to Practice: from bench to bedside The UC Davis Foods for Health Institute
Bringing Synbiotic Interventions in Cancer to Practice: from bench to bedside The UC Davis Foods for Health Institute Jennifer T. Smilowitz, PhD Associate Director, Human Studies Research jensm@ucdavis.edu
PowerPoint Presentation Gut microbiome and diet By Professor Elizabeth Shephard, PhD
0:04 Slide #1 Good afternoon. Thank you for inviting me to join you in MEBO Miami Meetup. 0:12 I'm Elizabeth Shepard, and today I will introduce how the gut microbiome and diet are relevant to those who
Il microbiota intestinale: come regola la riserva e la spesa energetica? Gerardo Nardone.
Il microbiota intestinale: come regola la riserva e la spesa energetica? Gerardo Nardone nardone@unina.it Department of Medicine and Surgery Gastroenterology Unit University Federico II, of Naples, Italy
Carbohydrates Dr. Ameerah M. Zarzoor
Carbohydrates Dr. Ameerah M. Zarzoor What Are Carbohydrates? Carbohydrates are the most abundant biomolecules on Earth Produced by plants during photosynthesis Carbohydrates are polyhydroxyl aldehydes
Normal Flora. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology
Normal Flora CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Relationships between Organisms Symbiosis Permanent association between two different organisms. Neutralism Two organisms living together, and neither is affected
Comprehensive Digestive Stool Analysis 2.0
Comprehensive Digestive tool Analysis 2.0 Patient: BIAN DAVIE ex: M MN: 1232068556 eceived: January 30, 2013 Northshore Naturopathic Clinic Brian Davies ND 156 West 3rd t North Vancouver, BC V7M 1E8 Canada
The effect of probiotics on animal health: a focus on host s natural intestinal defenses
The effect of probiotics on animal health: a focus on host s natural intestinal defenses Guillaume Tabouret Animal Health Dept. Joint Unit 1225 Host Pathogens Interactions History of probiotics and definition
MICROBIOMA E IMMUNITA LORENZO EMMI
MICROBIOMA E IMMUNITA LORENZO EMMI Human Microbiome Project The Human Microbiome Project has characterized the microbial communities found at several different sites on the human body. Human Microbiome
Novel method of probiotic administration
Novel method of probiotic administration Multifactorial Prematurity Low birth weight Enteral feeds Altered intestinal microflora microflora Infants that develop NEC have changes in microbial community:
What Guts Have To Do With It
What Guts Have To Do With It The Microbiome, Health & Chronic Disease Presented by: Sara Kuykendall, MBA, RD, LD 1 Objectives Provide a brief introduction to the gut microbiome Describe association of