The combined efficacy of malathion and bifenthrin for the Control of Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum

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1 Proceedinqs 7 th Internaiumcl Working Conference on Stored-product Protection - Volume combined efficacy malathion Control Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus Tribolium castaneum Bm Chen,, Eli Shaaya' Moshe Kostjukovsky' Abstract combination At 7 C 50% r h. a rmxture malathion (00 gil) R. (0 gil) dominica was tested against susceptible strains T. resistant, S. castameum. It gave good control R ppm. to T toxicity resistance highly malathion- results showed that But mixture active castaneum. adults because ir high reduction efficacy mixture by at in companson temperate conditions storage which was advantageous 5 times WIth chemical ongmal dose would remain, was in addition thus no significant selectmg new an such which IS needed specially to control R. 99). insects stored products have shown that synergism pyrethroids evident (Duguet Daghsh, 995; Numerous organophosphorus et al., 99) 99; NIcolas A mixture insecticides et al., a new is 99; syntic bifenthnn, a WIdely tned organophosphorus compound, malathion, have been recently investigation studies using pyrethroid, synsized Greece. by aim was to see efficacy mixture against R. domuuca, S. T castaneum. to Materials Methods 0 days following only a small amount displayed on all se three species. findings S. WIth using malathion alone. Under decomposition chemical, with mcludmg a pyrethroid Luxembourg Chemicals Company, Ans, progeny. mcreased least against FI- protectants dommica (White et al., between had no sigruficant to malathion except a moderate gram such as fenitrotluon as bioresesmethnon, strains domuuca S. at least 3 months at recommended ingredient organophosphate toxicitywas chermcal used from Luxembourg Chemicals It was an emulsified Importance se insecticides named as ProStore 0 EC contained 00 gil malathion to replace Ans, came Company, Greece. + 0 gil bifenthnn. malathion as a grain protectant. mixture insects obtained from our cultures bred at 7 C 70% r. hr. dominica S. reared on a medium whole wheat T. casianeum. on wheat flour. strains R. dominica S susceptible to malathion T castameum. highly malathion-resistant (Navarro et laboratory Introduction al., 9). Rlusopertha dominica (F. ), Sitophilus (L.) Tribol uum. castaneum (Herbst) are among most jars, by pipettmg acetone solutions chenucal at 0 ml destructive kg-l wheat or flour on ir surface simultaneously Widely distributive gram cereal products. necessary pests a WIde vanety Grain protectants part management programs, to be a Viable control (Arthur, 99). However, usually a protectant mcludes anor protectant such as a pyrethrold common 99). stored msecticide n sealed with alurmmum gram h such as Austraha, Department Stored Products, et n ConcentratIons foil glass hds, mechanically tumbled used active mgredient al}d ppm flour al, m a ventilation typically apply a shaken by 5 minutes. chemical y mamtamed ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Mter wheat flour ventilated equipment day to evaporate tropical conditions. starting times chemical,, 0 days. Vlsltmg scholar from Department Plant Protection, put m a small glass bottle Southwest For each test, height) With 5 g treated Chma 75 acetone, at 7 C 50 % r. h. to SImulate Dagan 5050, Israel Agncultural Umverslty, Chongqmg 007, P R,,, ppm wheat,,,,, 0 (Daglish treated in big glass rmxmg m thoroughly WIth a Iron bar by h. Jars do'mimca, which are resistant to organophosphorus Some countries, option WIll remam a y should contmue control strams R. wheat flour respectively tests 0 adult beetles 0-0 days old (3cm or untreated diameter, 5 cm (as control) wheat

2 Proceedings 7th Internatumal Working Conference on Stored-product Protection - Volume ( R. dominica S. oruzae ) or flour ( T. castaneurn), removed All bottles o. 9, sealed With st paper lids also kept at 7 C Chemical Group FMC Europe NV, Belgium indicated that 50% r. h.. at adult mortality,3, 5 exposure number FI adult investigated. data are average - 3 expenments. 37, ppm, LCgos F reduction results 3 replicates subjected ppm no Fj-generatlon (unpublished data). ree, to probit analysis all se ppm suggested as most suitable using POLO-PC program. 97) by Agncul tural three species emerged a day weeks conducted each expenment. Stware,.. 3. test conducted (leora was here controlling R. domimca. in mixture also gave good control S LC50 laboratory tests (Table ). Both 00 % adult mortality LCw calculated in ppm active ingredient adult mortality exposure reduction Fl progeny, exposure 00% Fl reduction obtained 95% confidence hmits determined at LC50 storage. LCw values. Results Discusion Table suggested least 3 months. wheat, number Fl adult 7. Although duration trials, adults emergence by %, reduced adults exposure.7%, Fl day, malathion malathion chemical acted day adult mortality alone instead killed all over ppm. For reached 7. % at usmg. 93, ppm should also be effective adults within 3 days at F,., control S.. In contrast with quicker on S. more than ree, results obtained with R. dominica, ppm, days mortalities exposure respectively didn't R. dommica at s ppm. At LCw s adults respectively it gave % mortality exposure 95.0% ppm, LCw s Fl.eduction mean completely control eir adults or progeny adults 00%,, maximum mortality adult exposure was only.% reduction 00 %, 99.0 % 97. %. For, days that mixture malathion In untreated mortalities respectively was highly effective against R. dominica at ppm whole period At ppm, days, day exposure ppm. under However, combination same expenment 00 %, 9.3 % 9.0 %, conditions LC50 adults was 050 ppm (Navarro et al., For, 9), which demonstrated that efficacy mixture increased by at least 5 times because addition FI reduction 99.%, 99.% days, LCws adults respectively 97.3%.. Table. Percentage mortality progeny reduction R. dommica various times following with a mixture Malathion Bifenthnn. Dayts) Treatment Concentration (ppm) % Adult mortahty Fl dayt s) exposure No. % reduction

3 Proceedmqe 7 th International Workmg Conference on Stored-prcduct. Protectwn - Volurne Table. Percentage mortality progeny reduction S. vanous times followmg with a mixture Malathion Bifenthnn. Dayt s) Concentration % Adult mortalitydayt s) exposure FI (ppm) No. % reduction Table 3. Percentage mortality progeny reduction T. casiameuni vanous times followmg WIth a mixture Malathion Bifenthrm Dayts) Concentra bon % Adult mortalitydayfs) exposure F Treatment (ppm) No. % reduction

4 Proceeduuis 7th International Working Conference on Stored-product Protection - Volume Table. Comparison activity a mixture Malathion Bifenthrin against R. doml,nica, S. T. castaneum. Dayts) Insect species R.dominica S. T. castaneum (± SEM) LC50.3 (.3) 0. ( ).07 (0.5).37 ( ).33 (3) 0.07 ( ) 0.9 (0. -.0). ( ).99 ( ). (3) 0. ( ). ( ). 70 (0.).99 ( ) 5.5 (.-.0).7 (0.0) ( ).3 (.5-3.) 5.3 (.) 0.7 ( ). ( ).99 (5) 0. ( ).93 ( ).5 (0.).3 (.3 -.9) 5. (3.0-.9).5 (3) 0.9 ( ) 3. (.7-7.3).5 (0.). (.3-3.) 7.0 (.0-3.5).9 ().37 ( ) 3.7 (.-3.00) c.0 (0.5).53 ( U ).3 (. - 3.). (0.5).0 (. -.33).0 ( ).0 (0.5) 3.07 (.9-3.) 5. ( ) III LCw LCgob LC50 b 95 % confidence hrmts Slope Reduction FI progeny Slope ( ± SEM) POLO-PC (LeOra Stware, a TOXICIty to adult 97) was used probrt analysis parenses. level required 50% or % reduction. b Concentration C no sigruficant toxicity ( largest mortahty only. % ). chemical had no sigmfican t toxici ty to T. castaneum adults largest mortality adults all WIth chemical had no significant periods three species storage was only. %, that wheat flour 0 days following but it showed toxicity on all se It indicated that under temperate condrtions moderate suppression to Fi-progeny (Table 3 ). At resides chemical decomposed quicker so days effective period free from remfestation.0% ppm, FI reduction respectively 7. %, 79.9% Malathion has been used extensively m shortened. References Israel as main contact insecticide against stored-product insects, resistance to malathion Arthur F m laboratory population T. castaneum reached 7.7 times (Navarro et ai., 9) mam reason no significant toxicity should result from high resistance A single application protection phenothrin below origmal dose will remam because use a mixture future. Journal control Austraha. Coleoptera Journal Control breaks down Sitophilu» Curcuhomdae) Company, Journal Stored Products Research, Greece). But expenment Products m Stored matze m Products Research, 3: steadily m gram under temperate conditions (unpublished introduction about mixture from Luxembourg Chemicals Ans, Current status Stored Daglish G.., Eelkema M. Harnson allows lower doses each individual compound to be used which is largest component, Queensl, 5 C) months storage only about 0-0 % malathion, Daghsh G. J., Eelkema M Harrison. M., 995. Chlorpyrifos-methyl plus eir methoprene or synergized to malathion. (under temperature Research, 3: chemical will give months from remfestation H, 99. Grain protectants: prospects fenitrothion showed 7 (. ). M., 99. (Coleoptera: in paddy nee usmg chlorpynfos-methyl m combination With several or protectants. 3: or

5 Proceeduuis 7th Iniernaiumal Worhng Conference on Stored-product Protection. - Volume LeOra Stware, POLO-PC, 97 A user's guide to probrt or legit analysis Berkeley, Cahma Navarro S., Carmi Y, Kashanchi Y Shaaya E., 9. Malathion resistance stored-product insects III Israel Phytoparasmca : 73-0 White N. D G Leesch J. G.,99 Chemical control In Integrated Management Insects III Stored Products (Edited by Subramanyam B. Hagstrum D. W ), pp Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, NY 79