Ensure you ask an adult to supervise you in this activity.

Transcription

1 Task Task numb er 1 Find packaging of common acids and alkalis around your house. Design a table and draw any hazard symbols found on their labels. Ensure you ask an adult to supervise you in this activity. 2 Explain the neutralisation reaction that is taking place in the situations below. a) Brushing our teeth with toothpaste b) Treating indigestion with antacid tablets c) Treating a bee sting with biocarbonate of soda d) Rubbing a nettle sting with a dock leaf Success criteria Designed a table. Found at least 6 products. Stretch & Challenge: Add a column to your table that lists the names of the acids and alkalis in the products that you have found. Research and explain at least 2 of the situations. Stretch & Challenge: equation to show the reaction that is occurring in each situation. 3 Understanding salts Complete a table like the one below with information about the salts listed. a) sodium chloride To complete information for at least 3 salts. b) magnesium chloride c) iron sulfate d) calcium sulfate Salt Which acid and Uses Other interesting and balanced symbol equation. alkali can facts produce it

2 4 Design a health and safety poster on using acids and 5 bases that can be displayed in the lab. Ever-changing urine When we visit the doctor, we may be asked to provide a sample of urine. This sample can be used to test for the presence of substances that should not be there, such as sugar and protein. However, the ph of urine is also sometimes measured. This can give medical professionals some clues about what may be wrong with us and how to treat the condition. The normal ph of urine ranges from 5 to 8, with ph 7.5 being the average. The ph of human urine varies during the day, typically being lower first thing in the morning than at night. Certain conditions can cause the ph of urine to be unusually low or unusually high. For example, high urine ph can be caused by kidney failure or cystitis (a urinary tract infection). Low urine ph can be caused by untreated diabetes or starvation. The ph of a patient s urine can help to decide which treatment may be best. For example, antibiotics are more effective in treating conditions where the urine is alkaline. The foods that we eat can affect the ph of our urine. For example, fruits such as cranberries, wine and meat lower the ph. On the other hand, foods such as bananas, chocolate and spinach increase the ph of urine. Certain medications can also affect urine ph. For example, potassium citrate, used to treat kidney stones, can considerably decrease the ph whereas bicarbonate of soda, used to treat indigestion, increases the ph. Task 1. Draw a pie chart. Label the chart to show the approximate ph of urine taken from a healthy patient, a patient with untreated kidnet failure or starvation, and a patient with untreated kidney failure. What colour would a doctor expect to see if universal indicator was used with each sample. Use of hazard symbols. Named acids. Pictures that show the effect of acids and alkalis. Explained the effect of concentration. Complete tasks 1 and 2. Task 3. Task 2. Explain why patients may be asked to stop taking

3 some medicines before they provide a urine sample. Give samples to explain your answer. How long before the test would you suggest that the medication is stopped. Can you identify any risks with this. Extension task: Wine contains citric acid. Kidney stones are solid lumps of precipitate that form in the kidneys of some people. Theses may then be passed in urine. One chemical reaction in these stones is calcium carbonate. equation for the reaction between theses chemicals. Discuss why wine may not be effective (or recommended) to remove stones in the body. 6 Using sulfuric acid Read the following text and highlight: a) the names of chemicals b) uses for sulfuric acids c) the properties of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is made by burning sulfur to release sulfur dioxide. The sulfur dioxide is then reacted at a high temperature with a catalyst to form sulfur trioxide. This is then reacted with water to form sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid is a clear, colourless liquid. It sometimes has colour added to it to alert people to its danger. Sulfuric acid is used to make fertilisers and some other acids such as hydrochloric acid and nitric acid. It can also be used in removing impurities from metals but other acids are often used now as sulfuric is so corrosive that it can damage the metal. People buying sulfuric acid need to be aware that, even in dilute form, it can cause burns to the skin. names of the chemicals. uses of sulfuric acid. properties of the sulphuric acid. How do we dispose of items made of sulphuric acid? What are the uses of Boric acid? 7 Design a safety poster to educate campers about the use of barbeques and campfires, and how to put fires out. Description of combustion. Explanation of how to remove some/each of factors of fire triangle.

4 and symbol equation for both complete and incomplete combustion. 8 9 Alternative fuels Carry out some research to learn about alternative fuels. Include: a) information about how biofuels are made and what they are used for b) information about how hydrogen fuel is produced and what it is currently used for c) suggestions about the uses of alternative fuels in the future d) references to the sources that you use. Write a newspaper article to educate people about ways of preventing acid rain. Research on 8a) and b). Research on at least 1 alternative fuel. References for your research. A table of advantages and disadvantages for the fuels investigated. Description of how acid rain is formed. How to prevent acid rain. Format your work in a newspaper article, with a headline, introductory paragraph and article arranged in columns. Write a letter in response to the newspaper article, from a member of the public,

5 explaining why it is difficult to prevent acid rain.