Blueberry Pest Management

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1 Blueberry Pest Management Oscar E. Liburd, Ph.D. Professor of Fruit & Vegetable Entomology Entomology and Nematology Department University of Florida

2 Brevipalpus yothersi Chronological Order of Blueberry pests Blueberry gall midge Flower thrips Blueberry bud mite Tenuipalpidae Spotted wing drosophila Flea beetle

3 Flatheaded Borer Metallic Wood-boring beetle (Family: Buprestidae) Likely Chrysobothris species (identified by Kyle Schnepp at DPI) Related to the Pacific Flatheaded Borer and Flatheaded Apple Tree Borer Pacific Flatheaded Borer Flatheaded Appletree Borer Ken Gray, OSU Phil Nixon, Illinois

4 Blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana Female male

5 Blueberry gall midge

6 Detection of blueberry gall midge

7 Management of blueberry gall midge Monitoring for adult emergence Inverted Bucket traps Insecticides Delegate 3-6 oz per acre (Biological Insecticide) Malathion (organophosphate) Exirel (Cyazpyr) (Anthranilic diamide) **Assail (Neo-nicotinoid) Organic insecticide Entrust, Pyganic

8 Flower thrips (left); Chilli thrips (right) (Scirtothrips dorsalis)

9 Size of thrips populations in relation to flower phenology 250 Percentages of opened flowers Average # of Thrips captured x column 1 vs y column 1 Col 1 vs Col Days after blooming

10 Oviposition preferences on blueberry tissues a b c c P < 0.001

11 Flower Thrips, Frankliniella bispinosa Ovipositional Injury Travel along wind currents Multiple generations per year

12 Chilli thrips Scirtothrips dorsalis Adult Phillip Harmon larva

13 Injuries resulting from chilli thrips

14 Symptoms of Chilli thrips infestation Severe leaf curling in heavy infestation Implicated in transmission of a few virus diseases Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus (TSWV ), and Yellow Spot Virus in peanuts

15 Average increase in thrips population Comparison of various insecticides in southern highbush blueberries for thrips management Assail SpinTor Novaluron GF968 Knack Calypso Malathion Assail Delegate Novaluron GF968 Knack Calypso Untreated Insecticides

16 Management of thrips Monitoring for adults White sticky boards floral tapping on white paper Insecticides Delegate 3-6 oz per acre (biological Insecticide) Malathion (organophosphate) Assail (Neo-nicotinoid) Imidacloprid (Admire) Organic insecticide Entrust

17 Blueberry bud mite, Acalitus vaccinii (Keifer) Feeds on the under-scale of buds The mite is whitish, elongate and very small (1/125 of an inch long)

18 Blueberry bud mite injury Bud scale under dis Mcro.

19 Blueberry bud mite injury Confused with frost damage Fewer fruits with Pimpeling Green fruit with rusetted bud mite injury

20 Management of blueberry bud mite Removal of infected branches through pruning Pruning old canes Post-harvest application insecticide/miticides such as malathion and sufur Summer oils

21 Brevipalpus yothersi Tetranychus urticae Plant feeding mites in blueberry Tenuipalpidae Tetranychidae

22 Tenuipalpidae Blueberry symptoms associated with tenuipalpid mite

23 Management of tenuipalpid and tetranychid mites Insecticides (Pyrethroids) Danitol Mustang Malathion Organic Sulfur use of predatory mites

24 Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) Male SWD Family Drosophilidae Vinegar flies Fruit flies Pomace flies Female SWD Male Dark spots on wings Two bands on forelegs Female Serrated ovipositor No wing spots

25 Mean total SWD per trap Captures of SWD in various traps and baits in blueberry 250 ab a ab bc d d d d cd 0 Trap/Bait treatment

26 Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila Monitoring for adults Insecticides Mustang Malathion Exirel Imidan Delegate Organic Insecticide Entrust Monitoring trap for SWD

27 Larval monitoring for Spotted Wing Drosophila Yeast-Sugar Bait Solution Recipe: 2 teaspoons of bakers yeast 4 teaspoons of sugar 2 cups of water Mix and pour 1 ½ inches of yeast bait into cup

28 Flea beetles in Blueberry Blueberry leaf beetle Colaspis pseudofavosa Damage

29 Flea beetles in Blueberry Red-headed flea beetle Systena frontalis Damage

30 Mean # of Adult Flea Beetles Population of Adult Flea Beetles on blueberries a ab a 0.1 bc bc c Mustang Imidan Malathion SpinTor Provado Control

31 Management of flea beetles Monitoring for adults Conventional Insecticide Assail Mustang Organic Insecticide Entrust Monitoring for flea beetles

32 Acknowledgements Small Fruit and Vegetable IPM Lab Florida Blueberry Growers Association for our funding research

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