Monitoring, Modeling and Managing the Lepidopteran Complex in Apple: How Complex Is It?
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1 Monitoring, Modeling and Managing the Lepidopteran Complex in Apple: How Complex Is It? 1 st 2 nd = 2017 VT Tree Fruit Growers Association And University Of Vermont Apple Program Annual Educational Meeting February 16, 2017 American Legion Hall, Middlebury, VT Peter Jentsch Senior Extension Associate Entomology Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
2 Presentations can be found at: Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
3 Hudson Valley Lepidopteran Pest Complex Leafroller: Obliquebanded leafroller, Choristaneura rosaceana (Harris) Sparganothis Fruitworm (Sparganothis sulfureana) Redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) Variegated leafroller, Platynota flavedana (Clemens), Tufted apple bud moth, Platynota idaeusalis Fruit tree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker), Internal Lepidopteran: Oriental fruit moth Lesser apple worm Codling moth Green Fruitworm Trunk Borers Leafminers Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
4 Hudson Valley Lepidopteran Pest Complex Leafroller: Obliquebanded leafroller, Choristaneura rosaceana (Harris) Redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) Early-Season Leafroller Injury Late-Season Leafroller Injury Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
5 Hudson Valley Lepidopteran Pest Complex Leafroller: Obliquebanded leafroller, Choristaneura rosaceana (Harris) Redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) Internal Lepidopteran: Codling moth Oriental fruit moth Lesser apple worm Average Adults per Trap per Week Codling Moth Trap Captures HVRL, Highland, NY 2016 Early & Late Codling Moth Injury Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
6 Hudson Valley Lepidopteran Pest Complex Leafroller: Obliquebanded leafroller, Choristaneura rosaceana (Harris) Redbanded leafroller, Argyrotaenia velutinana (Walker) Early-Season Leafroller Injury Internal Lepidopteran: Codling moth Oriental fruit moth Lesser apple worm Early & Late Codling Moth Injury Late-Season Leafroller Injury * Endemic Reside in the orchard throughout the season. Continuous exposure * Multiple generations: Greater selection pressure * High Risk for Inseticide Resistance Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
7 Obliquebanded Leafroller Management Obliquebanded Leafroller (OBLR) A native of North America. Larvae feed on a wide range of Rosaceae, including apple, peach, and pear. 2 generations each season in NY. Female lay single clusters containing >200 eggs on the upper leaf surface, hatching in days. Larva live and feed within curled and webbed foliage, feed only on the fruit surface, webbing leaves to clustered fruit for protection. Mature larvae reach 1 inch in length Monitor adult flight using pheromone trapping. At sustained flight of CM adults (Biofix), larval emergence is predicted after 220 DD 50 have been accumulated. Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
8 Obliquebanded Leafroller Family: Tortricidae Overwintering larva damage to flowers, foliage and developing fruit Overwintering GT TC P Bloom PF 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C 8C
9 Obliquebanded Leafroller 1 st summer brood larva damage to foliage and developing fruit 1 st Summer Brood GT TC P Bloom PF 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C 8C
10 Obliquebanded Leafroller 2 nd summer brood occurs in Mid-August Larval emergence gives rise to the over-wintering generation. Pin hole feeding damage near harvest in mid-late season varieties (Jonagold) Thoratic shield behind head of larva Overwintering 1 st Summer Brood 2 nd Summer GT TC P Bloom PF 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C 8C
11 Obliquebanded Leafroller 3 Management Periods Obliquebanded Leafroller Trap Captures HVRL, Highland, NY st Gen. larva 2 nd Gen. larva Adult Biofix Adult Biofix GT TC P Bloom PF 1C 2C 3C 4C 5C 6C 7C 8C OW Larva 340 DD 50 1 st Gen. Larva 340 DD 50 2 nd Gen. Larva Management Management Management 1 App (P, Bloom, PF) 2 Apps 3 rd & 4 th C 1 2 Apps 7 th C
12 Obliquebanded Leafroller Management Resistance Management for Leps (OBLR): Three management timings for OBLR using a single A.I. IRAC class for each generational window I. Overwintering larvae (Pre bloom, Bloom, PF) II. 1 st Generation larvae (220 DD 50 ) III. 2 nd Generation larvae (220 DD 50 ) At sustained flight of CM adults (Biofix), larval emergence is predicted after 220 DD 50 have been accumulated. Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
13 Obliquebanded Leafroller Pre-bloom, Bloom or Petal Fall Classes Formulation Efficacy Group (s) 1A Lannate 90SP/LV High (Carbamate) Pink 3A Warrior II 2.08 Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Ambush 25WP Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Asana XL Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Baythroid XL 1EC Moderate (Pyrethroid) 5 Delegate 25WG High (Spinosyn) 5 Entrust 2SC High (Spinosyn) 6 Proclaim 5SG Moderate (Emamectin Benzoate) Petal Fal 11A Dipel 10.3DF Moderate / low (Bacillus thuringiensis) Bloom 15 Rimon 0.83EC High (Novaluron) 18 Intrepid 2F Moderate (Methoxyfenozide) Petal Fall 28 Exirel High (Cyantraniliprole) 28 Altacor 35WDG High (Chlorantraniliprole) 28 Belt 4SC High (Flubendiamide) Premix 3A/6 Gladiator EC High (Zeta Cypermethrin/Avermectin B!) 3A/28 Voliam Xpress Moderate (Zeta Cypermethrin/Avermectin B!) 4A/3A Endigo ZC Moderate (Thiamethoxam/Lambda cyhalothrin) 4A/28 Voliam Flexi WDG High Chlorantraniliprole/Thiamethoxam
14 Obliquebanded Leafroller 1 st Generation (220 DD 50 ) Classes Formulation Efficacy Group (s) 1A Lannate 90SP/LV High (Carbamate) 3A Warrior II 2.08 Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Ambush 25WP Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Asana XL Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Baythroid XL 1EC Moderate (Pyrethroid) 5 Delegate 25WG High (Spinosyn) Early hatch d 5 Entrust 2SC High (Spinosyn) 6 Proclaim 5SG Moderate (Emamectin Benzoate) 11A Dipel 10.3DF Moderate / low (Bacillus thuringiensis) Early hatch + 5 7d 15 Rimon 0.83EC High (Novaluron) Biofix + 50DD 18 Intrepid 2F Moderate (Methoxyfenozide) Petal Fall 28 Exirel High (Cyantraniliprole) 28 Altacor 35WDG High (Chlorantraniliprole) 28 Belt 4SC High (Flubendiamide) Premix 3A/6 Gladiator EC High (Zeta Cypermethrin/Avermectin B!) 3A/28 Voliam Xpress Moderate (Zeta Cypermethrin/Avermectin B!) 4A/3A Endigo ZC Moderate (Thiamethoxam/Lambda cyhalothrin) 4A/28 Voliam Flexi WDG High Chlorantraniliprole/Thiamethoxam
15 Obliquebanded Leafroller 2 nd Generation (220 DD 50 ) Classes Formulation Efficacy Group (s) 1A Lannate 90SP/LV High (Carbamate) 3A Warrior II 2.08 Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Ambush 25WP Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Asana XL Moderate (Pyrethroid) 3A Baythroid XL 1EC Moderate (Pyrethroid) 5 Delegate 25WG High (Spinosyn) 5 Entrust 2SC High (Spinosyn) 6 Proclaim 5SG Moderate (Emamectin Benzoate) 11A Dipel 10.3DF Moderate / low (Bacillus thuringiensis) 15 Rimon 0.83EC High (Novaluron) 18 Intrepid 2F Moderate (Methoxyfenozide)l 28 Exirel High (Cyantraniliprole) 28 Altacor 35WDG High (Chlorantraniliprole) 28 Belt 4SC High (Flubendiamide) Premix 3A/6 Gladiator EC High (Zeta Cypermethrin/Avermectin B!) 3A/28 Voliam Xpress Moderate (Zeta Cypermethrin/Avermectin B!) 4A/3A Endigo ZC Moderate (Thiamethoxam/Lambda cyhalothrin) 4A/28 Voliam Flexi WDG High Chlorantraniliprole/Thiamethoxam
16 Codling Moth Management Codling moth (CM) A European invasive pest Broad plant host range including tree fruit. Having 1.5 to 3.5 generations each season in NY. Female lay single eggs on fruit or foliage. Larva will remove the skin of fruit without ingestion, burrowing into the fruit to feed on seeds. Monitor adult flight using pheromone trapping. Upon the first sustained flight of CM adults (Biofix), larval emergence is predicted using 50 o F developmental base temperature accumulations at 220 DD 50. Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
17 Codling Moth Management 1 st Gen Biofix 18 May 2 nd Gen. Biofix 10 July Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
18 Codling Moth Management In 2014, the 1st generation codling moth (CM) adult flight occurred on 18 May. Larval emergence predicted for 4 June using 220 DD 50 from the biofix. The 2 nd generation CM management adult emergence using 10 July Biofix predicted 250DD to occur on 20 July with treatments made for this insect on 18 July. 1 st Gen. larva 2 nd Gen. larva Biofix Biofix Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
19 2014 Hudson Valley Insecticide Efficacy Evaluation 24 June, 2014 representing 1 st generation CM injury Hudson Valley Research Laboratory
20 Delta Trap Species Specific Pheromone Determine key biological events of the Lep. complex in orchards. 1. Presence of the insect in our orchard. 2. Determine the Biofix or start of a generation. 3. Use NEWA to find the predicted date of larva emergence. 4. Make application based on optimum weather window on either side of larval hatch.
21 Rejections of Apple Shipments From Western NY Processing Orchards Due to Increasing Internal Worm Infested Fruit 2001: 20 loads of infested fruit 2002: 80 loads of infested fruit from 42 growers in WNY : 100 loads of infested fruit from 60 farms. 1. Rhode Island Greening (12 loads), Monroe (12 loads), Cortland (7 loads), Idared (7 loads), Jonagold (6 loads), Rome (4 loads)
22 Azinphos-methyl susceptibility levels
23 Codling Moth Larvae Bioassay (susceptible Benzon Colony), NYSAES, Highland NY fl. oz. /A 90 Cold Warm Percent Mortality (After 24hrs.) a c a c a a b 0 Temperature 1 Bioassay conducted on 1st instar codling moth larva topically treated with 1µL droplet of lamda-cyhalothrin at µg A.I./ 1000 ml or ppm [ 3% of the labeled field rate] placed in temperature controlled chambers over 24 hours. ( df = 3, F-value = 8.648, P-value = ).
24 Codling Moth (+ Plum Curculio) 1 st Generation (220 DD 50 ) Classes Formulation Efficacy Group (s) 1A Lannate High (Carbamate) 1A Sevin Moderate (Carbamate) 1B Imidan 70W High (Organophosphate) 3A Baythroid XL 1EC Moderate (Pyrethroid) 4A Assail 30SG High (Neonicotinoid) 5 Delegate 25WG High (Spinosyn) 5 Entrust 2SC High (Spinosyn) 6 Proclaim 5SG Moderate (Emamectin Benzoate 11A Dipel 10.3DF Moderate / low (Bacillus thuringiensis) 15 Rimon 0.83EC High (Novaluron) 18 Intrepid 2F Moderate (Methoxyfenozide) 22 Avaunt 30WDG Moderate (Indoxacarb) 28 Exirel High (Cyantraniliprole) 28 Altacor 35WDG High (Chlorantraniliprole) 28 Belt 4SC High (Flubendiamide) UN Neemix Moderate (Azadirachtin) Premix 3A/6 Gladiator EC High (Zeta Cypermethrin/Avermectin B!) 4A/3A Endigo ZC Moderate (Thiamethoxam/Lambda cyhalothrin) 4A/3A Leverage 360 High (Cyfluthrin/Imidacloprid 4A/28 Voliam Flexi WDG Chlorantraniliprole/Thiamethoxam
25 Codling Moth (OBLR / Apple Maggot) 2 nd Generation (220 DD 50 ) Classes Formulation Efficacy Group (s) 1A Lannate High (Carbamate) 1A Sevin Moderate (Carbamate) 1B Imidan 70W High (Organophosphate) 3A Baythroid XL 1EC Moderate (Pyrethroid) 4A Assail 30SG High (Neonicotinoid) 5 Delegate 25WG High (Spinosyn) 5 Entrust 2SC High (Spinosyn) 6 Proclaim 5SG Moderate (Emamectin Benzoate 11A Dipel 10.3DF Moderate / low (Bacillus thuringiensis) 15 Rimon 0.83EC High (Novaluron) 18 Intrepid 2F Moderate (Methoxyfenozide) 22 Avaunt 30WDG Moderate (Indoxacarb) 28 Exirel High (Cyantraniliprole) 28 Altacor 35WDG High (Chlorantraniliprole) 28 Belt 4SC High (Flubendiamide) UN Neemix Moderate (Azadirachtin) Premix 3A/6 Gladiator EC High (Zeta Cypermethrin/Avermectin B!) 4A/3A Endigo ZC Moderate (Thiamethoxam/Lambda cyhalothrin) 4A/3A Leverage 360 High (Cyfluthrin/Imidacloprid 4A/28 Voliam Flexi WDG Chlorantraniliprole/Thiamethoxam
26 Insect Pest Management Success And Management To Reduce The Resistance Potential = Proper Insecticide Selection PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
27 Use Insecticides With Efficacy To Manage: I. Overwintering OBLR at PF (specific insecticide) PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
28 Use Insecticides With Efficacy To Manage: II. Plum Curculio 2 nd Application at 1 st or 2 nd cover (model) + CM Efficacy PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
29 Use Insecticides with efficacy to manage: III. A Three Spray Program For OBLR + CM + AM Efficacy) PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
30 Use Insecticides with efficacy to manage: IV. One Application For AM / CM PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
31 The Lepidopteran Complex In NYS Tree Fruit Resistance Management Using NEWA Weather Stations To Make Pest Management Decisions.
32 The Lepidopteran Complex In NYS Tree Fruit Resistance Management Using NEWA Weather Stations To Make Pest Management Decisions.
33 The Lepidopteran Complex In NYS Tree Fruit Resistance Management Using NEWA Weather Stations To Make Pest Management Decisions. Choose site based on your location
34 The Lepidopteran Complex In NYS Tree Fruit Resistance Management Using NEWA Weather Stations To Make Pest Management Decisions. Choose site based on your location Obliquebanded leafroller Codling moth
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38 Use Insecticides with efficacy to manage: Active Ingredient (AI) Rotational Strategies For Resistant Mgt. Different IRAC Group For Each Generation PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
39 Use Insecticides with efficacy to manage: Active Ingredient (AI) Rotational Strategies For Resistant Mgt. For CM: 2 Different IRAC Groups PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
40 Use Insecticides with efficacy to manage: Active Ingredient (AI) Rotational Strategies For Resistant Mgt. For OBLR: 3 Different IRAC Groups Intrepid or Proclaim Delegate + 14d Altacor PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
41 Use Insecticides with efficacy to manage: Active Ingredient (AI) Rotational Strategies For Resistant Mgt. For OBLR: 3 Different IRAC Groups Intrepid or Proclaim Delegate + 14d Assail PC / OBLR PC / OBLR PC PC OBLR OBLR AM AM AM/OBLR April TC-Pink May Bloom PF June 1C-3C July 4C-6C August 7C-8C Sept. Oct.
42 Thank You Questions??
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