S.U.M.Ph. "Nicolae Testemitanu" Department of Forensic Medicine 2013/2014. Prelection by Vasile Șarpe MD, MS, PhD, Assoc.

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "S.U.M.Ph. "Nicolae Testemitanu" Department of Forensic Medicine 2013/2014. Prelection by Vasile Șarpe MD, MS, PhD, Assoc."

Isabella Morton
5 years ago
Views:

1 S.U.M.Ph. "Nicolae Testemitanu" Department of Forensic Medicine 2013/2014 Prelection by Vasile Șarpe MD, MS, PhD, Assoc. Professor

2 Lecture items General concepts, classification Trauma due to fall down Trauma due to falling from height

3 General concepts Falling is downward movement of the body from a standing position or from higher to a lower level. It is classified depending on the level of fall: Falling down from standing position Falling from height from higher level

4 Classification Depending on acceleration at the initial point: Passive without acceleration (loss of balance, consciousness) Active Self-propelled (movement of walking, running) Hetero-propelled (forced movement as a result of an external action e.g. push, bump)

5 Classification Depending on condition during falling: Free fall without obstacles Fall in steps with obstacles (trees, balconies)

6 Classification Depending on position of landing: Horizontal position (on back, lateral right or left side and on anterior part of the body) Vertical position (on head, feet, knees, and buttocks)

7 Falling down Falling down (simple fall, from orthostatic position) is a changing from vertical into horizontal position of the body, followed by its hitting a support (soft soil, sand or hard asphalt, stone, sidewalk). Kind and severity of injuries depend on: Place of landing (hard or soft) Declivity of the ground Presence and character of clothes Presence of acceleration

8 Morphological appearance in simple falling Diverse lesions (from bruise, abrasions till fractures and damages of internal organs) Unipolar On prominent parts of the body Prevailing external over internal injuries

9 Injuries can be caused at the starting point, during falling, and at landing. Classification of injuries by their mechanism and condition of formation: Primary Secondary Distant Falling from height

10 Landing on feet primary Distant secondary bruises, abrasions, laceration, hemorrhages fractures on feet Fractures of legs bones, of the pelvic bones, ruptures of internal organs, multiple rib fractures, compressed fractures of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, hyperextension and hyperflexion fractures of the cervical vertebrae, skull base fractures and meningo-cerebral injuries. Depends on the position of final landing (on back, lateral right or left side and on anterior part of the body)

11 Landing on knees primary Distant secondary bruises, abrasions, laceration, hemorrhages fractures on knees Fractures of femoral bones, of the pelvic bones, ruptures of internal organs, multiple rib fractures, compressed fractures of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, hyperextension and hyperflexion fractures of the cervical vertebrae, skull base fractures and meningo-cerebral injuries. Injuries are located on anterior and lateral sides of the body

12 Landing on buttocks primary Distant secondary bruises, abrasions, laceration, hemorrhages on buttocks, fractures of pelvic bones ruptures of internal organs, multiple rib fractures, compressed fractures of the lumbar and thoracic vertebrae, hyperextension and hyperflexion fractures of the cervical vertebrae, skull base fractures and meningo-cerebral injuries. Injuries are located on posterior and lateral sides of the body

13 Landing on head primary Distant secondary bruises, abrasions, laceration, hemorrhages on head, skull fractures (cobweb fracture, located depending on the position of the head), damage of the brain and its membranes telescoped fracture of the base of the skull, injuries of cervical and upper thoracic spine, damages of chest abdomen and pelvis viscera. Depends on the position of final landing (on back, lateral right or left side and on anterior part of the body)

14 Horizontal landing primary Distant secondary bruises, abrasions, laceration, hemorrhages, fractures on back, lateral right or left side and on anterior part of the body (depends on the position of final landing ) a lot of internal lesions (fractures and internal organs damages). Prevailing internal over external injuries. Absent

Injuries to the Head and Spine From Bradys Emergency Care 10 th Edition

Injuries to the Head and Spine From Bradys Emergency Care 10 th Edition 1. When performing the four-rescuer log roll, which responder pulls the board into position? A.) Head B.) Waist C.) Knee D.) Shoulder