Spine Surgery: Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management. 2 Volume Set

Transcription

1 Spine Surgery: Techniques, Complication Avoidance, and Management. 2 Volume Set Benzel, E ISBN-13: Table of Contents SECTION 1 - HISTORY 1 - History 2 - History of Spine Instrumentation - The Modern Era 3 - History of Spine Biomechanics SECTION 2 - THE FUNDAMENTALS 4 - Differential Diagnosis of Surgical Disorders of the Spine 5 - Functional Anatomy of the Spine 6 - Muscular Support of the Spine 7 - Anatomy and Physiology of Congenital Spinal Lesions 8 - Anatomy and Pathophysiology of Acquired Spinal Disorders 9 - Neural Injury at the Molecular Level 10 - Pathophysiology of Cervical Myelopathy: Biomechanics and Deformative Stress 11 - Anatomy of Nerve Root Compression, Nerve Root Tethering, and Spinal Instability 12 - Physical and Neurological Examination 13 - Intervertebral Disc Process of Degeneration: Physiology & Pathophysiology 14 - Definition and Assessment of Dysfunctional Segmented Motion 15 - Bone Modeling and Remodeling 16 - The Biology of Spine Fusion 17 - Spine Fusion: Anatomy and Biomechanics of the Bone-Bone Interface 18 - Bone Void Fillers: Bone and Bone Substitutes 19 - Osteointegration 20 - Materials and Material Properties 21 - Biomechanical Testing 22 - Computational Modeling of the Spine 23 - Intervertebral Disc: Anatomy, Physiology, and Aging 24 - Intradiscal Pressure 25 - Fundamentals of Spine Surgery 26 - Preoperative and Surgical Planning for Avoiding Complications 27 - Patient Selection for Spine Surgery 28 - Masqueraders of Spinal Pathology 29 - Data Management 30 - Practical Anatomy and Fundamental Biomechanics

2 31 - Applied Anatomy of the Cervical Spine 32 - Applied Anatomy of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine SECTION 3 - EXTRASPINAL Anatomy and Surgical Approaches and Exposures of the Vertebral Column 33 - Occipital-Cervical Region 34 - The Cervical Spine and Cervicothoracic Junction 35 - Extraspinal Anatomy and Surgical Approaches to Thoracic Spnie 36 - The Lumbar and Sacral Spine SECTION 4 - Surgical Procedures 4.1 DECOMPRESSION AND ARTHRODESIS OF THE CERVICAL SPINE 37 - Upper Cervical and Craniocervical Decompression 38 - Upper Cervical and Occipitocervical Arthrodesis 39 - Ventral and Ventrolateral Subaxial Decompression 40 - Single and Multiple-Single Interbody Fusion Techniques 41 - Threaded Cylindrical Interbody Cage Fixation for Cervical Spondylosis and OPLL 42 - Cervical Interbody Strut Techniques 43 - Interbody Cages 44 - Cervical Laminectomy and Laminoforaminotomy 45 - Cervical Skip Corpectomy 46 - Cervical Laminoplasty 47 - Interspinous, Laminar, and Facet Fusion 48 - Combined Ventral-Dorsal Surgery 49 - Percutaneous and Minimally Invasive Approaches to Decompression & Arthrodesis of the Cervical Spine 4.2 DECOMPRESSION AND ARTHRODESIS OF THE THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINE 50 - Ventral and Ventrolateral Spine Decompression and Fusion 51 - The Lateral Extracavitary Approach to the Thoracolumbar Spine 52 - Retropleural Approach to the Ventral Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine 53 - Laminotomy, Laminectomy, Laminoplasty, and Foraminotomy 54 - Posterior and Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion 55 - Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion 56 - Lumbar Interbody Cages 57 - Dorsal and Lateral Thoracic and Lumbar Fusion 58 - Indication for Spine Fusion for Axial Pain 59 - The Black Disc: Diagnosis and Treatment of Discogenic Back Pain 60 - Percutaneous and Minimally Invasive Approahes to Decompression and Arthodesis of the Thoraco- Lumbar Spine 61 - Thoracoscopic Corpectomy and Reconstruction 4.3 TRAUMA 62 - Classification of Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures 63 - Trauma Surgery: Occipito-Cervical Junction 64 - Subaxial Cervical Spine Injuries

3 65 - Trauma Surgery: Cervical Spine 66 - Trauma Surgery: Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Junction 67 - Trauma Surgery: Lumbar and Sacral Fractures 68 - Surgical Indications in Spine Trauma 69 - Non-Operative Management and Treatment of Spinal Injuries 70 - Medical Management of Adult and Pediatric Spinal Cord Injury 71 - Spinal Injuries in Sports 72 - Emerging Therapies for Spinal Cord Injury 73 - Penetrating Spinal Cord Injuries 74 - Timing of Surgery Following Spinal Cord Injury 75 - Evaluation of the Cervical Spine After Trauma 4.4 DISCECTOMY 76 - Cervical Discectomy 77 - Thoracic Discectomy 78 - Lumbar Discectomy 79 - Management of Soft Cervical Disc Herniation: Controversies and Complication Avoidance 80 - Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation 81 - Minimally Access and Percutaneous Lumbar Discectomy 4.5 ARTHRITIDES AND RELATED DISORDERS 82 - Cervical Spondylosis 83 - Thoracic and Lumbar Spondylosis 84 - Spondylolisthesis: Sagittal Plane Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction 85 - Degenerative Rotatory Scoliosis: Three-Dimensional Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Deformity Correction 86 - Rheumatoid Arthritis 87 - Ankylosing Spondylitis and Related Disorders 88 - Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament 89 - Scheuermannâ s Disease 90 - Spinal Deformity: Measuring, Defining, and Classifying 4.6 DEFORMITY CORRECTION PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES 91 - Spine Deformity and Correction: The Fundamentals 92 - Craniocervical Junction Deformities 93 - Subaxial Cervical Deformities 94 - Cervical Facet Dislocations: A Ventral Surgical Strategy for Decompression, Reduction, and Stabilization 95 - Kyphotic Cervical Deformity 96 - Scoliotic Cervical Deformity 97 - Adult Thoracic and Lumbar Deformities 98 - An Approach for Treatment of Complex Adult Spinal Deformity 99 - Deformity Surgery for Ankylosing Spondylitis Pediatric Spinal Deformities and Deformity Correction

4 4.7 TUMORS, VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS, AND RELATED LESIONS Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Intradural Extramedullary Spinal Lesions Spinal Intradural Vascular Malformations Spinal Dural Vascular Malformations Cauda Equina Syndrome Primary Bony Spinal Lesions Spondylectomy for Spinal Tumors Prognostic Factors, Surgical Outcomes, and Guidelines for Managing Metastatic Spinal Cancer Staging, Classification, and Oncologic Approaches for Metastic Tumors Involving the Spine Metabolic Bone Disease Tumors at the Foramen Magnum: Regional Challenges Cervio-Thoracic Junction Tumors: Regional Challenges Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spinal Tumors: Regional Challenges Sacral Tumors: Regional Challenges Tarlov Cysts 4.8 PEDIATRIC SPINAL SURGERY AND RELATED CONDITIONS Occult Spinal Dysraphism and the Tethered Spinal Cord Myelomeningocele and Associated Anomalies Anterior Sacral Meningocele Chiari Malformation and Syringomyelia Chiari Malformation, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, and Fibromyalgia: A Paradigm for Care 4.9 ADJUNCTIVE SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS Omental Transposistion and Spine Surgery: Emphasis on Revascularization and Scar Prevention Wound Closure Bone Graft Harvesting Vascularized Bone Grafts in Spinal Surgery Pain and Spasticity Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression and Stabilization Techniques I Minimally Invasive Spinal Decompression & Stabilization Techniques II: Thoracic and Lumbar Endoscopic Approaches Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty The Obese Patient Spine Surgery - Smoking and the Spine The Geriatric Patient Surgery of the Sympathetic Nervous System Arachnoiditis and Syringomyelia Post-traumatic and Idiopathic Syringomyelia Complications of Peripheral Nerve Surgery SECTION 5 - Spinal Instrumentation

5 136 - Basic Biomechanically Relevant Anatomy Spinal Implant Attributes: Distraction, Compression, and Three-Point Bending Implant Attributes: Cantilever Beam Fixation Cervical Spine Fusion using Dynamic Ventral Cervical Plating Cervical Spine Construct Design Thoracic and Lumbar Spine Construct Design Upper Cervical Screw Fixation Techniques High Cervical and Occipitocervical Plate, Rod, Wire, and Bone Techniques Ventral Subaxial Cervical Fixation Techniques Subsidence and Dynamic Cervical Spine Stabilization Ventral and Lateral Thoracic and Lumbar Fixation Techniques Dorsal Subaxial Cervical Instrumentation Techniques Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Screw Fixation and Pedicle Fixation Techniques Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Simple Hook-Rod, Wire and Wire-Rod Techniques Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Universal Spinal Instrumentation Techniques Dorsal Thoracic and Lumbar Combined and Complex Techniques Complex Lumbosacropelvic Fixation Techniques Iatrogenic Spine Destabilization Lumbar Facet Fixation Techniques Para-coccygeal Trans-sacral Approach to the Lumbo-Sacral Junction for Interbody Fusion and Stabilization SECTION 6 - MOTION PRESERVATION STRATEGIES To Not Operate Motion Sparing, Non-Implant Surgery: (A) Cervical Spine; (B) Lumbar Spine Adjacent Segment Degeneration & Disease of the Cervical and Lumbar Spine Biomechanics of Motion Preservation Techniques Cervical Total Disc Arthroplasty Lumbar Total Disc Arthroplasty Second Generation Total Disc Arthroplasty Nuclear Replacement Dorsal Dynamic Spine Stabilization Artificial Facet Joint Interspinous Bumpers Total Disc Arthroplasty - Associated Complications Explant Analysis of Wear, Degradation, and Fatigue in Motion Preserving Spinal Implants SECTION 7 - ADJUNCTS TO SURGERY Surgical Incisions, Positioning, and Retraction Blood Loss Imaging: Trauma Degenerative Disease and Infection: Role of Imaging

6 173 - Overview of Imaging Procedures Available for Spinal Diagnosis Postoperative Imaging Intraoperative Imaging Stereotactic Radiosurgery for the Treatment of Spinal Metastases Somatosensory Evoked Potential for Spinal Surgery Electrodiagnostic Studies Intraoperative Nonparalytic Monitoring SECTION 8 - NONSURGICAL MANAGEMENT Anesthesia Advances in Anesthesia for Spine Surgery and the Prevention of Complications Perioperative Management Medical Management of the Patient with Acute Spinal Cord Injury Nutritional Care of the Spinal Cord Injured Patient Skin and Wound Care Spinal Traction Orthoses: Complication Prevention and Management Medical Management of Neck and Low Back Pain Non-Operative Management of Neck and Back Pain Psychosocial Aspects and Work-related Issues Regarding Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease Interventional Non-Operative Management of Neck and Back Pain Intradiscal Electrothermy SECTION 9 - SPECIFIC COMPLICATIONS: AVOIDANCE AND MANAGEMENT Neurologic Complications of Common Spinal Operations Vascular and Soft-Tissue Complications Postoperative Spinal Deformities Arachnoiditis Spine Infection The Prevention of Operative Infections: An Evidence-based Approach Medical Complications Cerebrospinal Fluid Fistula and Pseudomeningocele After Spine Surgery Nonunion Spinal Reoperations Intraoperative Crisis Management in Spine Surgery: What to do When Things Go Bad **THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS WILL ONLY BE ON-LINE AND NOT IN THE PRINTED TEXT** SECTION 10 - POSTSCRIPT Ethical and Mediocolegal Aspects of Spinal Surgery Conflicts of Interest and Conflict Management

7 206 - Economics and Practice Management The Rationale for Practice Hygiene: Coding, Reimbursement, and Nomenclature Education of the Spine Surgeons Education and Knowledge-Base Acquisition and Retention The Art of the Clinical Trial The Meaningful Retrospective Analysis Art and Science of Guideline Formation SECTION 11 - CONTROVERSIES Anterior Cervical Corpectomy and Fusion: To Plate or Not To Plate To Not Plate To Plate Cervical Spondylosis with Minimal Myelopathy: To Decompress or Not To Decompress To Decompress Not To Decompress Bilateral Locked Cervical Facets with Incomplete Myelopathy: Open Versus Closed Reduction Open Reduction Closed Reduction Cervical Spine Fusion: Allograft Versus Autograft Argument for Allograft Argument for Autograft Thoracic and Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures with Ventral Mass Lesion: Ventral Versus Dorsal Operation Ventral Decompression and Stabilization Dorsal Decompression and Stabilization Reoperation for Failed Spinal Fusion: Augmentation of Fusion with Spinal Stimulation Argument Against Bone Growth Stimulator Argument for Bone Growth Stimulator Management of a Patient with Thoracolumbar Fracture with Complete Myelopathy and a 40Â Kyphotic Deformity: Operative or Recumbent Management Operative Management Recumbent Management Management of Symptomatic Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Vertebroplasty Kyphoplasty Management of Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Cervical Laminoplasty - Open Door Laminoplasty - French Door Laminectomy Ventral Approach: Smith-Robinson Approach

8 Ventral Approach: Open Window Corpectomy Spondylotic Myelopathy with Cervical Kyphotic Deformity Ventral Approach Dorsal Approach Combined Ventral and Dorsal Approach Management of Cervical Disc Herniation Dorsal Laminoforaminotomy Plus Discectomy Ventral Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Allograft or BMP and Plating Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Autograft and Without Plating Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Artificial Disc Management of a 45-year old with Mechanical Low Back Pain and with or without L4/5 Spondylolisthesis and No Neurological Findings Non-Operative Management Spinal Fusion - Ventral Approach Spinal Fusion - Dorsal Approach Spinal Fusion - Dorsal & Ventral Approach Total Disc Arthroplasty Nuclear Replacement Management of Traumatic Unilateral Jumped Cervical Facet Joint Without Myelopathy Closed Traction Reduction Then Surgery Open Reduction Management of Traumatic Bilateral Jumped Cervical Facet Joints in a Patient with Incomplete Myelopathy Closed Traction Reduction Then Surgery Open Reduction Management of Traumatic Bilateral Jumped Cervical Facet Joints in a Patient with Complete Myelopathy Closed Traction Reduction Then Surgery Open Reduction Timing of Decompression Surgery for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in a Patient with an Incomplete Myelopathy Postural Non-Operative Management Emergent Surgery Non-Emergent Surgery Timing of Decompression Surgery for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in a Patient with Complete Myelopathy Postural Non-Operative Management Emergent Surgery Non-Emergent Surgery Medical Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury Administration of High-Dose Steroids No Administration of Steroids Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome

9 Early Surgery Delayed Surgery Cervical Disc Herniation with Radiculopathy Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Interbody Fusion Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Interbody Fusion with Plating Anterior Cervical Discectomy with Artificial Disc Spacer Anterior Cervical Discectomy without Fusion (management of cervical disc herniation & cervical disc herniation with radiculopathy) Laminoforaminotomy Traumatic Assymtomatic Vertebral Artery Injury Secondary to Facet Fracture Dislocation Do Nothing Endovascular Management Medical (anticoagulation) Management Lumbar Fusion versus Total Disc Arthroplasty for Mechanical Low Back Pain Fusion Total Disc Arthroplasty