Comprehensive Hip & Knee Textbook 1st edition

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3 ASEAN Arthroplasty Association THAI HIP & KNEE ASEAN Arthroplasty Association (AAA) SOCIETY Comprehensive Hip & Knee Textbook 1st edition E D I T O R S Aree Tanavalee, MD Professor Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Christopher Scott Mow, MD Clinical and Deputy Chief & International Program Director Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Azlina Amir Abbas, MD, MS (Orth), Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Gregorio Marcelo Santos Azores, MD, FPOA Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines Nicolaas Cyrillus Budhiparama, MD Director Medistra Hospital and Hip & Knee Institute & Research Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia Ngai Nung Lo, MBBS, M Med (Surg), FRCS (Edin), FAMS Singapore General Hospital, Singapore

4 Comprehensive Hip & Knee Textbook 1st edition EDITORS Aree Tanavalee Christopher Scott Mow Azlina Amir Abbas Gregorio Marcelo Santos Azores Nicolaas Cyrillus Budhiparama Ngai Nung Lo Cover design and illustration: Chotetawan Tanavalee, MD First published in Thailand in 2013 by Holistic Publishing Co., Ltd. 10 Soi Wongsawang 27, Wongsawang Rd., Bang Sue, Bangkok 10800, Thailand Tel./Fax , Copyright Thai Hip & Knee Society 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reporduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. The Royal College of Orthopaedic Surgeons of Thailand 4th Floor, The Royal Golden Jubilee Bldg., 2 Soi Soonvijai, New Petchburi Road, Huaykwang, Bangkok 10310, Thailand Tel Fax ISBN: National Library of Thailand Cataloging in Publication Data Aree Tanavalee COMPREHENSIVE HIP & KNEE TEXTBOOK.-- Bangkok : Holistic Publishing, p. 1. HIP & KNEE. I. Title ISBN

5 Foreword Iwould like to congratulate The Thai Hip & Knee Foundation (THKF), The Thai Hip & Knee Society (THKS), The ASEAN Arthroplasty Association (AAA), and Dr. Aree Tanavalee & his editorial team for their tireless effort to completing the first edition of The ASEAN Comprehensive Hip & Knee Textbook. One of the missions of The THKF is to provide knowledge and education in hip and knee arthroplasty to orthopedic surgeons in our region, therefore, the textbook is an important task force of the foundation which we are very pleased to be the main sponsor for the project. The textbook consists of 38 chapters which covers all aspects of primary arthroplasty in both hip and knee fields. All authors, as well as speakers for the first AAA cadaveric course, are well-known surgeons from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand, as well as from India and USA. To achieve a standard international textbook, these authors have to collect and simplify most update knowledge in primary hip and knee arthroplasty. Additionally, in several chapters, they also provided their own wisdom and expertise on several surgical procedures. I do hope that this textbook will be useful for most orthopedic surgeons, as well as arthroplasty surgeons, for using as the standard reference for current practice in this field. I do realize that the editors had to spend a lot of time and patience in selecting outstanding authors from several countries, to repetitively edit each chapter in order to organize a level of international standard textbook. However, without these authors who also spent their valuable time to write each chapter, this comprehensive textbook would not be possible. Thus, I would like to sincerely thank all of authors and Dr. Aree Tanavalee & his editorial team for devoting their valuable time and putting their great effort on this task force. With this success, we are ready for the ASEAN community in the year Chaithavat Ngarmukos, MD President of the Thai Hip & Knee Foundation

6 Preface It is a great opportunity that The ASEAN Arthroplasty Association (AAA) has succeeded to organize several well-known orthopedic hip & knee surgeons from five ASEAN countries, as well as distinguished delegates from USA and India, to transfer their fruitful academic knowledge and their expertise in hip & knee arthroplasty into a standard international textbook. In the past few years, in ASEAN region, there has been an increasing number of orthopedic surgeons who are interested in arthroplasty and attended AAA annual meetings, which take rotation among ASEAN countries. The international textbook project has been proposed using regional wisdom several years ago. Finally, in 2013, the first ASEAN hip & knee textbook has become a reality with a well collaboration of the AAA delegates. In addition, we would like to sincerely thank to The Thai Hip & Knee Foundation (THKF) and The Thai Hip & Knee Society (THKS) for being the major supporter for this great project. The content of this textbook consists of comprehensive theoretical concepts and tips for routine practice in primary hip & knee arthroplasty. All authors intended to contribute their knowledge and their wisdom to all young surgeons in ASEAN region. We hope that this textbook will improve clinical knowledge and surgical skill in hip & knee arthroplasty to all interesting surgeons. Aree Tanavalee Christopher Scott Mow Azlina Amir Abbas Gregorio Marcelo Santos Azores Nicolaas Cyrillus Budhiparama Ngai Nung Lo

7 Contributors Aasis Unnanuntana, MD, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Aree Tanavalee, MD Professor Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Artit Laoruengthana, MD Assistant Professor Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand Azhar Mahmood Merican, MD, MBBS, MS (Orth), Dip (London), PhD Professor, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Azlina Amir Abbas, MD, MS (Orth), Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Boonchana Pongcharoen, MD Assistant Professor Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand Charlee Sumettavanich, MD Senior Consultant Institute of Orthopaedics Lerdsin General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Chavanont Sumana-sethakul, MD Consultant Institute of Orthopaedics Lerdsin General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand

8 Contributors Chee Ken Chan, MD, MBBS, MS (Orth) Lecture, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Choon Hin Lai, MBBS, FRCS (Edin), FAMS Director and Senior Consultant Adult Reconstruction Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore Christopher Scott Mow, MD Clinical and Deputy Chief & International Program Director Stanford University School of Medicine, Standford, California, USA David Siew Kit Choon, MBChB (Sheff), FRCS (Eng) Professor, Faculty of Medicine University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Fitzderick Sapinoso Zarate, MD, FPOA Lecturer Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines Gregorio Marcelo Santos Azores, MD, FPOA Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine University of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines Ismail Hadisoebroto Dilogo, MD, PhD Senior Consultant and Lecturer Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia Jamal Azmi Mohamad, MD, MBBS, MS (Orth) Senior Consultant KPJ-Selangor Specialist Medical Centre Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

9 Contributors Jessica Fiolin, MD Postgraduate Medical Student Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Jose Antonio Goseco San Juan, MD, FPOA Consultant Joint Reconstruction and Arthroscopic Surgery Cebu Orthopaedic Institute, Cebu, Philippines Kenon Chua, MBBS Orthopedic Resident Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Nattapol Tammachote, MD, MS Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand Ngai Nung Lo, MBBS, M Med (Surg), FRCS (Edin), FAMS Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Nicolaas Cyrillus Budhiparama, MD Director Medistra Hospital and Hip & Knee Institute & Research Foundation, Jakarta, Indonesia Pacharapol Udomkiat, MD, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Piya Pinsornsak, MD Assistant Professor Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand

10 Contributors Prabodhan Potdar, MD, MS (Orth), DNB (Orth) Assistant Professor Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College & King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India Pruk Chaiyakit, MD Lecturer Vajira Hospital Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand Sarbjit Singh, MD Senior Consultant Centre for Advanced Orthopaedics Mount Elizabeth Medical Centre, Singapore Sarit Hongvilai, MD Consultant Hip and Knee Unit, Bone and Joint Center Bangkok Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Satit Thiengwittayaporn, MD Lecturer Vajira Hospital Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand Siwadol Wongsak, MD Lecturer Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Soumen Das De, MBBS (Hons), MRCS, MMed (Ortho), FRCS (Ortho), MPH Lecturer University Orthopaedics, Hand and Reconstructive Microsurgery Cluster National University Health System/Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore Srihatach George Ngarmukos, MD Lecturer Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand

11 Contributors Sureshan Sivananthan, MD, FRCS (Tr&Orth) Visiting Assistant Professor Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA Thana Turajane, MD (Hons) Police Major General and Senior Consultant Department of Orthopedic Surgery Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Thanainit Chotanaphuti, MD Colonel and Department of Orthopedic surgery Phramongkutklao Hospital & College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand Vajara Wilairatana, MD Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Viroj Kawinwonggowit, MD Clinical Professor Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand Viroj Larbpaiboonpong, MD Police Colonel and Senior Consultant Department of Orthopedic Surgery Police General Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand Yongsak Wangroongsub, MD Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Yoshi Pratama, MD Orthopaedic and Traumatology Resident Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia-Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia

12 Content Patient Selection for Total Knee Arthroplasty 1 Azlina Amir Abbas Chee Ken Chan Azhar Mahmood Merican Jamal Azmi Mohamad Surgical Approaches for Knee Arthroplasty 8 Sarit Hongvilai Aree Tanavalee Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty 24 Prabodhan Potdar Sureshan Sivananthan Christopher Scott Mow The Oxford Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty 36 Boonchana Pongcharoen Step by Step of Varus Release in Total Knee Arthroplasty 49 Chee Ken Chan Azlina Amir Abbas Jamal Azmi Mohamad Total Knee Arthroplasty in the Valgus Knee 53 Kenon Chua Ngai Nung Lo Total Knee Arthroplasty in Fixed Flexion 66 and Hyperextension Deformities Soumen Das De Ngai Nung Lo Femoral & Tibial Alignment and Rotation 74 in Total Knee Arthroplasty Thanainit Chotanaphuti Implant Selection in Total Knee Arthroplasty 82 Pruk Chaiyakit 0 The Patella in Total Knee Arthroplasty 98 Nicolaas Cyrillus Budhiparama

13 Content Surgical Tips in Total Knee Arthroplasty 125 Yongsak Wangroongsub Minimizing Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty 142 Thana Turajane Postoperative Pain Control after Total Joint Arthroplasty 150 Nattapol Tammachote Postoperative Care for Total Knee Arthroplasty 167 Jamal Azmi Mohamad Azhar Mahmood Merican Chee Ken Chan Azlina Amir Abbas Differentiating early Postoperative Infection from Normal 175 Inflammatory Response after Total Knee Arthroplasty Srihatach George Ngarmukos Diagnosis and Management of Postoperative Infection in 182 Total Knee Arthroplasty Gregorio Marcelo Santos Azores Fitzderick Sapinoso Zarate Noninfected Stiff Knee after Total Knee Arthroplasty 193 Satit Thiengwittayaporn Instability Related to Soft Tissue after Total Knee 204 Arthroplasty: Diagnosis and Principle of Management Prabodhan Potdar Sarbjit Singh Management of Bone Defects in Primary 213 Total Knee Arthroplasty Artit Laoruengthana

14 Content 0 Supracondylar Femoral Fracture after 228 Total Knee Arthroplasty Siwadol Wongsak Viroj Kawinwonggowit Treatment of Extensor Mechanism Disruption 246 in Total Knee Arthroplasty Piya Pinsornsak Cemented vs. Cementless Fixation in Hip Arthroplasty 260 David Siew Kit Choon Chee Ken Chan Hemi or Total Hip Arthroplasty in Hip Fractures 268 Ismail Hadisoebroto Dilogo Yoshi Pratama Preoperative Planning & Templating for 284 Total Hip Arthroplasty Jamal Azmi Mohamad Azhar Mahmood Merican Chee Ken Chan Azlina Amir Abbas Surgical Approaches for Total Hip Arthroplasty 290 Azlina Amir Abbas Azhar Mahmood Merican Chee Ken Chan Jamal Azmi Mohamad Step by Step of Cemented Acetabular and 299 Femoral Fixation Prabodhan Potdar Sarbjit Singh Step by Step of Cementless Acetabular and 307 Femoral Fixation Ismail Hadisoebroto Dilogo Jessica Fiolin

15 Content Bearing Options in Hip Arthroplasty Current Recommendations Sureshan Sivananthan Prabodhan Potdar Christopher Scott Mow Selection of Cementless Acetabular Component 337 in Total Hip Arthroplasty Pacharapol Udomkiat 0 Selection of Cementless Femoral Stem in 345 Total Hip Arthroplasty Charlee Sumettavanich Chavanont Sumana-sethakul Effective Method to Minimize Leg Length Inequality 353 in Total Hip Arthroplasty Viroj Larbpaiboonpong Effective Methods to Prevent Hip Dislocations 370 Nicolaas Cyrillus Budhiparama Sureshan Sivananthan Intraoperative Femoral and Acetabular Fractures 393 during Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Choon Hin Lai Rehabilitation after Total Hip Arthroplasty 401 Aasis Unnanuntana Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in 414 Total Joint Arthroplasty Jose Antonio Goseco San Juan

16 Content Pelvic Obliquity after Total Hip Arthroplasty 424 David Siew Kit Choon Chee Ken Chan Instability Related to Soft Tissue after Total Hip Arthroplasty 428 Vajara Wilairatana Pain after Total Hip Arthroplasty 432 Gregorio Marcelo Santos Azores Fitzderick Sapinoso Zarate Prabodhan Potdar Index 443