Young Uk Park, M.D., Ph.D.. Young Wook Seo, M.D. Hyuk, Jegal, M.D.,* Kyung Tai Lee, M.D.,Ph.D.

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1 Young Uk Park, M.D., Ph.D.. Young Wook Seo, M.D. Hyuk, Jegal, M.D.,* Kyung Tai Lee, M.D.,Ph.D. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea KT Lee s Orthopedic Hopital, Seoul, Korea*

2 Disclosure We have no potential conflicts with this presentation

3 Introduction Isolated LM fx CTX vs OP Assessment of stability is very important for proper treatment SER II SER IV

4 Introduction Tools for stability assessment Ultrasound Stress X-ray MRI Arthroscopy Low cost Pain High cost Invasive Dynamic provocation Dynamic? High cost Not invasive Not painful

5 Purpose To evaluate the value of ultrasound for stability assessment of isolated lateral malleolar fractures, compared to simple x-ray, stress radiography and arthroscopy AITFL Deltoid

6 Material and Methods From May 2016 to Nov /19 : CTx 15/19 : ORIF and AS exam (2 deny) Male : Female =7:6 Gender Male Female Mean age : 32.4(17-55) years 46% 54%

7 Material and Methods Flow chart

8 Results Number of Positive results (n=13) Simple X-ray 11/13 Stress X-ray 2/2 Ultrasound (AITFL) 12/13 Ultrasound (Deltoid) 10/13 Arthroscopy (AITFL) 11/13 Arthroscopy (IOM) 11/13 Arthroscopy (PITFL) 0/13 Arthroscopy (Deltoid) 9/13

9 Discussion US finding is similar to Arthroscopic findings AITFL 92.3% for tear 100% for complete tear Deltoid 76.9% for tear 100% for complete tear

10 Discussion Not all fracture have Deltoid ligament injury Unstable Ankle Fracture SER IV 3 / 13 : SER IV

11 Conclusion Ultrasound could be helpful for assessment of stability of isolated LM fracture. Even in stage II SER ankle fracture, could be unstable

12 References 1. Koval, K. J., Egol, K. a, Cheung, Y., Goodwin, D. W., & Spratt, K. F. (2007). Does a positive ankle stress test indicate the need for operative treatment after lateral malleolus fracture? A preliminary report. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 21(7), den Bekerom, M. P. J., Mutsaerts, E. L. A. R., & Dijk, C. N. (2009). Evaluation of the integrity of the deltoid ligament in supination external rotation ankle fractures: A systematic review of the literature. Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, 129(2), Schuberth, J. M., Collman, D. R., Rush, S. M., & Ford, L. A. (2004). Deltoid ligament integrity in lateral malleolar fractures: A comparative analysis of arthroscopic and radiographic assessments. Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery, 43(1), Lui, T. H., Ip, K., & Chow, H. T. (2005). Comparison of radiologic and arthroscopic diagnoses of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis disruption in acute ankle fracture. Arthroscopy - Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, 21(11), Jiang, K. N., Schulz, B. M., Tsui, Y. L., Gardner, T. R., & Greisberg, J. K. (2013). Comparison of Radiographic Stress Tests for Syndesmotic Instability of Supination External Rotation Ankle Fractures, A Cadaveric Study. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 28(6), Michelson, J. D. (2003). Ankle fractures resulting from rotational injuries. The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 11(6), Nortunen, S., Flinkkil??, T., Lantto, I., Kortekangas, T., Niinim??ki, J., Ohtonen, P., & Pakarinen, H. (2015). Diagnostic accuracy of the gravity stress test and clinical signs in cases of isolated supination-external rotation-type lateral malleolar fractures. Bone and Joint Journal, 97 B(8), Chen, P.-Y., Wang, T.-G., & Wang, C.-L. (2008). Ultrasonographic examination of the deltoid ligament in bimalleolar equivalent fractures. Foot & Ankle International, 29(9), Slobogean, G. P., Marra, C. A., Sadatsafavi, M., Sanders, D. W., & Society, C. O. T. (2012). Is surgical fixation for stress-positive unstable ankle fractures cost effective? Results of a multicenter randomized control trial. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 26(11), Retrieved from Song, K.-S., Kim, H.-G., Park, B.-M., Moon, C.-S., & Kim, B.-Y. (2010). Treatment of Lateral Malleolar Fracture Associated with Disruption of the Deltoid Ligament. Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association, 45(3), Verhage, S. M., Schipper, I. B., & Hoogendoorn, J. M. (2015). Long-term functional and radiographic outcomes in 243 operated ankle fractures. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 8, Lee, W. C., & Ahn, J. H. (2005). 족관절외과단독골절의비수술적치료결과 Nonoperative Treatment of Isolated Lateral Malleolar Fracture, 18(3), Nortunen, S., Lepojärvi, S., Savola, O., Niinimäki, J., Ohtonen, P., Flinkkilä, T., Pakarinen, H. (2014). Stability assessment of the ankle mortise in supinationexternal rotation-type ankle fractures: lack of additional diagnostic value of MRI. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume, 96(22), Stufkens, S. A. S., van den Bekerom, M. P. J., Knupp, M., Hintermann, B., & van Dijk, C. N. (2012). The diagnosis and treatment of deltoid ligament lesions in supination-external rotation ankle fractures: A review. Strategies in Trauma and Limb Reconstruction, 7(2), Sanders, D. W., Tieszer, C., & Corbett, B. (2012). Operative Versus Nonoperative Treatment of Unstable Lateral Malleolar Fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 26(3), Park, S. S., Kubiak, E. N., Egol, K. a, Kummer, F., & Koval, K. J. (2006). Stress radiographs after ankle fracture: the effect of ankle position and deltoid ligament status on medial clear space measurements. Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, 20(1), [pii]

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