PSYCHOLOGICAL AND DAILY-LIVING LIVING ASPECTS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE Rossanka Venelinova,, MD

Transcription

1 PSYCHOLOGICAL AND DAILY-LIVING LIVING ASPECTS OF MENTAL HEALTH CARE Rossanka Venelinova,, MD

2 DYNAMICS OF THE POST- TRAUMATIC STRESS Period before trauma Situational component Coping strategies Objective conditions Risk factorsf History of life Traumatic situation Traumatic process Subjective conditions Reconstruc tion Protective factors

3 RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF POST- TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1. The type of the traumatic event 2. Dissociation in the traumatic situation 3. Response by the services and institutions 4. Fear by the death in the traumatic situation 5. The length of the traumatic situation 6. Physical injuirements 7. Type of personal relationships

4 DEFINITION OF VIOLENCE Violence is a violation of the individual s s right to live, to personal safety, freedom, dignity and physical and emotional integrity, which creates obstacles for the complete personal development. (European Parliament definition) Image: Ilya Repin Ivan the Terrible and his Son

5 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2003/9/EC Provision for persons with special needs: Including elderly people, victims of torture, unaccompanied minors, disabled people, single parents with minor children Should receive the necessary treatment after an individual assessment of their situation

6 ROOTS COMPLEX CAUSES BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIAL BIOLOGICAL THEORIES ETHOLOGICAL HYPOTHESIS SOCIO-BIOLOGICAL THEORY BEHAVIORAL THEORY SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY PSYCHOANALYTICAL SYSTEMATIC THEORY

7 PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS DISSOCIATIVE SYMPTOMS SELF-HARM AND SUICIDAL TENDENCIES; INCREASED AGGRESSION FEELINGS OF: GUILT; RAGE; FEAR; SHAME; HUMILIATION; HORROR; PANIC; ANXIETY; CONFUSION; BEING USED. CRISIS REACTIONS: EATING AND SLEEPING DISORDERS, AS WELL AS APPETITE. INABILITY TO CONCENTRATE; FEELINGS OF HELPLESSNESS; PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCY TOWARDS OTHERS AND NEED FOR SUPPORT.

8 AUTO-AGGRESSION AGGRESSION AND SUICIDAL TENDENCIES The range of auto-aggression aggression includes from suicide, respectively, suicidality, through self-half behavior, to the indirect forms of self-destructive behavior: Indirect auto-destructive behavior (Nelson, 1986, Haenel,, 1989) Chronical suicidality or focal suicide (Menninger, 1938) Image: Van Gogh, Self-portrait

9 MEDICAL ASPECTS (ICD X) Reaction to severe stress and adaptive disorders (ICD X F43) Posttraumatic stress disorder (ICD X F43.1) Dissociative disorders (ICD X F44) Personality disorders (ICD X F60-69) 69) Affective disorders (ICD X F30-39) Schizophrenic, schizoid disorders (ICD X F20-29) 29) Image: Munch, The scream

10 PTSD Post-traumatic traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a chronic, prevalent and disabling condition that is triggered following exposure to trauma Common symptoms of PTSD include: re-experience experience of a traumatic event avoidance and numbing increased arousal Patients with PTSD are prone to misuse psychotropic agents Symptoms: Exposure to a traumatic event Persistent re-experiencing experiencing of traumatic event Persistent avoidance and numbing Persistent symptoms of increased arousal Symptom duration of more than one month Significant distress or impairment

11 Image: Salvadore Dali, Freud We fear to know the fearsome and unsavory aspects of ourselves, but we fear even more to know the godlike in ourselves ABRAHAM MASLOW

12 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! ROSSANKA VENELINOVA Image: Rene Magritte Decalcomania