B849:C91. gender stereotype. gender counter-stereotype ~461 Advances in Psychological Science

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1 ~461 Advances in Psychological Science B849:C91 gender stereotype [12] [13] [14] [1] gender counter-stereotype [2] [2] [3,4] [16] [5~7] [16] [8,9] [15] [17] 1 [10] [18] [11] dailinight@yahoo.com.cn [2] 456

2 [19] cognitive dissonance [20] Wilder [8] (resistant) [21] [22~24] Wilder Hewstone 1 [8] / / / / 1

3 [25] directive style participatory style [26] [27] [26] Rudman Fairchild 2004 [9] backlash [28] [29] [30] [31] perceivers actors

4 / / 2 [7,32]

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6 [27] Heilman M E, Chen Julie J, et al. Same Behavior, Different Consequences: Reactions to Men's and Women's Altruistic Citizenship Behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2005, 90(3): 431~441 [28] Rudman L A. Self-promotion as a risk factor for women: The costs and benefits of counterstereotypical impression management. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1998, 74(3): 629~645 [29] Spencer S J, Fein S, Wolfe C T, Fong C, Dunn M A, et al. Automatic activation of stereotypes: The role of self-image threat. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 1998, 24(11): 1139~1152 [30] Schimel J, Simon L,Greenberg J, Pyszczynski T, Solomon S, Waxmonsky J, Arndt J, et al. Stereotypes and terror management: Evidence that mortality salience enhances stereotypic thinking and preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999, 77(5): 905~926 [31] McGregor L, Zanna M P, Holmes J G, Spencer S J, et al. Compensatory conviction in the face of personal uncertainty: Going to extremes and being oneself. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2001, 80(3): 472~488 [32] Yzerbyt V Y, Coull A, Rocher S J, et al. Fencing Off the Deviant: The Role of Cognitive Resources in the Maintenance of Stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1999, 77(3): 449~462 Psychological Mechanism of Maintaining Gender Stereotypes Liu Xuan, Zuo Bin (School of Psychology, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan , China) Abstract: Gender stereotypes influence people s mind and behavior widely. Gender-counter stereotypic behavior violates people s expectations and acquirements to gender roles. In order to maintain gender stereotypes, people will take different strategies as reactions to gender-counter stereotypic behaviors. This article introduced the psychological mechanism of maintaining gender stereotypes, and explored the people s cognitive process and behavioral reactions to maintain gender stereotypes when people encountered gender-counter stereotypic behavior. Moreover, a few evaluations and possible approaches to further study on maintenance of gender-stereotype were discussed. Key words: gender stereotype, gender counter stereotype, attribution model, working model of the role of backlash.