The Components of Mental Health and Test Anxiety in Talented and Normal Schools Students

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1 Applied Psychological Research Quarterly 0, (), - 9,(), - The Components of Mental Health and Test Anxiety in Talented and Normal Schools Students Milad SabzehAra Langaroudi Mostafa Mohammadi Yadollah Mehri Ali Talei * * Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between test anxiety with mental health and implicit-explicit self esteem. The comparison of these constructs between talented and normal schools students was assessed as well. talented school male students and 9 normal school male students from Khorasan Razavi were selected by convenience sampling and completed the package of instruments including: Test Anxiety Scale (TAS; carver & shyer, 9), General Health Questionnaire- (GHQ-; Goldberg, 9), Pope Self-Esteem Scale (PSES; Pope, 99) and Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 99). Results showed a negative association between explicit self-esteem and mental health with test anxiety, but no significant association for test anxiety and implicit self-esteem. In addition, there was no significant difference between two schools in test anxiety and implicit self-esteem. But the mental health of talented school students was higher than the mental health of normal school students. The findings of this study showed that the academic and social context of students is essential for determination of their level of mental health and self-esteem and dominance on academic challenge and hence, reduce their test anxiety. Keywords: Test anxiety, Mental health, Explicit Self-esteem, Implicit self-esteem miladsabzehara@ut.ac.ir Received : 9 Jun 0 Accepted:09 Jul (TAS). (PSES) (GHQ-). (IAT).. ). (.. :. *.. *. 9// : 9//9 :

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15 ....()....()... References Bandura, A. (99). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist,, -. Buhrmester, M. D., Blanton, H., & Swann, W. B. (0). Implicit selfesteem: Nature, measurement, and a new way forward. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 00, -. Bernard, C., & Harls, A. (99). How does rational-emotive-behavior therapy increase self-esteem, social function and decrease anxiety. Available at: http// Chan, L. K. S. (9). The perceived competence of intellectually talented students. Gifted Child Quarterly,, 0-. Collins, A. M., & Loftus, E. F. (9). A spreading-activation theory of semantic processing. Psychological Review,, 0-. Crocker, J., Luhtanen, R., Cooper, M. L., & Bouvrette, S. A. (00). Contingencies of self-worth in college students: Measurement and theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,, DeHart, T., Pelham, B. W., & Tennen, H. (00). What lies beneath: Parenting style and implicit self- esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,, -. Dwairy, M. (00). Parenting styles and mental health of Arab gifted adolescents. Gifted Child Quarterly,, -. Famham, S. D., Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (999). Implicit selfesteem. In D. Abrams & M. Hogg (Eds.), Social identity and social cognition, 0-. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers. Fazio, R. H., Sanbonmatsu, D. M., Powell, M. C., & Kardes, F. R. (9). On the automatic activation of attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 0, 9-. Greenwald, A. G., Klinger, M. R., & Liu, T. J. (99). Unconscious processing of dichoptically masked words. Memory and Cognition,, -.

16 - Greenwald, A. G., & Famham, S. D. (000). Using the Implicit Association Test to Measure Self- Esteem and Self-Concept. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 0-0. Greenwald, A. G., & Banaji, M. R. (99). Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes. Psychological Review, 0, -. Greenwald, A. G., McGhee, D. E., & Schwartz, G. L. K. (99). Measuring Individual Differences in Implicit Cognition: The Implici Association Test. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,, -0. Greenwald, A. G., Nosek, B. A., & Sriram, N. (00). Consequential Validity of the Implicit Association Test: Comment on Blanton and Jaccard (00). American Psychologist,, -. Hotopf, M., Sharp, D., & Lewis, G. (99). What's in a name? A comparison of four psychiatric assessments. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology,, -. Hagtvet, K. A. (9). Sex differences in test anxiety in terms of the worry and emotionality distinction. School Psychology,, 9-0. Hoagwood, K., Jensen, P. S., Petti, T. & Burns, B. J. (99). Outcomes of mental health care for children and adolescents: I. A comprehensive conceptual model. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,, 0-0. Hoddap, V. (99). Anxiety, fear of failure, and achievement: Two pathanalytical models. Anxiety Research,, 0-. In nami, Y. (00). The effects of test anxiety on listening test performance. System, -0. Lea-Wood, S. S., & Clunies-Ross, A. (99). Self-esteem of gifted adolescent girls in Australian Schools. Roeper Review,, 9-9. Marsh, H. W., & Parker, J. W. (9). Determinants of student self-concept: Is it better to be a relatively large fish in a small pond even if you don t learn to swim as well? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,, -. Marsh, H. W., & Hau, K. (00). Big-fish-little-pond-effect on academic self-concept. A cross-cultural ( country) test of the negative effects of academically selective schools. American Psychologist,, -. Metcalfe, B. M. (9). Self-concept and attitude to school. British Journal of Educational Psychology,, -. Nuttin, J. (9). Affective consequences of mere ownership: The name letter effect in twelve European languages. European Journal of Social Psychology,, -0.

17 ... Rudman, L. A., Dohn, M. C., & Fairchild, K. (00). Implicit self-esteem compensation: Automatic threat defense. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 9-. Sapp, M. (99). Cognitive-behavioral counseling in the middle school students. Journal of Instructional Psychology,, -. Shevlin, M., & Adamson, G. (00). Alternative Factor Models and Factorial Invariance of the GHQ-: A Large Sample Analysis Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Psychological Assessment,, -. Srividhya, V. (00). Mental health and adjustment problems of students of Navodhaya, central and state schools. The master of home science in human development thesis, University of Agricultural Sciences. Strack, F., & Deutsch, R. (00). Reflective and impulsive determinants if social behaviour. Personality and Social Psychology Review,, 0-. Tong, J., & Yewchuk, C. (99). Self-concept and sex-role orientation in gifted high school students. Gifted Child Quarterly, 0, -. Vialle, W., Heaven, P. C. L. & Ciarrochi, J. (00). The relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in high ability students: Evidence from the Wollongong Youth Study. Australasian Journal of Gifted Education,. 9-. White, M. J., & White, G. B. (00). Implicit and Explicit Occupational Gender Stereotypes. Sex Roles,, 9-. Zeidner M, & Safir M., P. (99). Sex, ethnic, and social differences in test anxiety among Israeli adolescents. Journal Genetic Psychology, 0, -.

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