International Journal of World Research, Vol: I Issue XI, November 2014, Print ISSN: X

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1 IMPACT OF JOB SATISFACTION AMONG THE HOSPITAL PERSONNEL TOWARDS POST IMPLEMENTATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) IN HEALTH CARE INDUSTRY Dr S.Ramanathan Ph.D (Mgt) Ph.D (Pol.Sci) Ph.D (ODE) Former Dean- CARE School of Management Thayanur Village, Trichy Tamilnadu ABSTRACT Today, hundreds of information and communication technology (ICT) systems are used in healthcare organizations to serve physicians and other professionals in their daily work with patients. These systems cover a broad range of applications, from widely used electronic health records (EHR) and computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems, to modern speech recognition technologies and mobile applications. Among other industries, healthcare has already profited extensively by the development of ICT. This paper has investigated the job satisfaction among the hospital personnel towards the job characteristic and critical psychological variables. The study has been made among the 150 sample respondents across the selected hospital in the study area. Alpha value for the questionnaire shows that.72% of validity and results has depicted that there is moderate level of satisfaction among the hospital personnel towards the tested variables. Key words: ICT, Hospital personnel, Electronic health records, computerized physician order entry 0.1 INTRODUCTION Today, hundreds of information and communication technology (ICT) systems are used in healthcare organizations to serve physicians and other professionals in their daily work with patients. These systems cover a broad range of applications, from widely used electronic health records (EHR) 35 P a g e

2 and computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems, to modern speech recognition technologies and mobile applications. Among other industries, healthcare has already profited extensively by the development of ICT. Although the technology-related benefits are obvious in theory, it seems that they are not clearly associated in the operating situations nor appeared in healthcare professionals daily work. Indeed, what is known about the usability of the healthcare? Technology environment the jungle of electronic systems and applications in which physicians, nurses and other professionals work daily? User-oriented research in the health informatics field has tended to focus on ICT adaptation and user satisfaction issues, rather than on usability. Since the early 2000s, however, there has been growing interest towards usability and human centered design issues. Typically, researchers have applied traditional usability evaluation methods. 1 And focused on healthcare information systems, particularly on EHRs, and their use in clinical settings. 2 Additionally, several articles have aimed at promoting the adaptation of the evaluation approach by describing instructions for usability activities in healthcare settings. 3 The motivation for usability studies derives from empirical study results as well as worrying statements about failures in technology development and adaptation (e.g.) presented by professors Heeks. 4 The results from recent studies suggest that currently used healthcare information systems suffer from a high number of usability flaws which considerably hinder the use of computer systems. The evidence is strong: an EHR system has been reported with 103 flaws related to the complexity of information, a poor relation to work activities, and lack of support for mobility ; a commercial EHR in a large pediatric hospital has been reported with 134 flaws related to consistency, user control, flexibility, efficiency, and natural dialogue 5 ; a CPOE system has been reported with 33 flaws related to user interface and user interaction issues 6 ; Despite the increasing trend towards usability issues, relatively little systematic data has been gathered on the usability of the clinical technology environment. Generally speaking, the focus of usability research seems to be heavily affected by the traditional approach of human computer interaction evaluation. This paper has investigating job satisfaction of hospital personnel after implementation of CIT enabled health care in hospital. 0.2 ICT IMPACT ON HEALTH CARE Health care industry applications include: the increasing use of ICTs in drug discovery and design; new and more targeted marketing and modes of distribution; greater use of e-commerce and healthcare system supply chain management; and increasing opportunities to capture and process information collected in pre-clinical and clinical trials and subsequent drug usage, and to make use of that information in future drug design and development. Guy and Gartenmann (2001) suggested that ICTs offer the greatest value for pharmaceutical companies when they are paired with the scientific advances already revolutionizing drug discovery. 1 L.W.P. Peute, R. Spithoven, P.J.M. Bakker, and M.W.M. Jaspers, Usability studies on interactive health information systems: where do we stand? in: S.K. Andersen, et al. (Eds.), health Beyond the Horizon: Get It There: Proc. of MIE, 2008, IOS Press, 2008, pp J. Kjeldskov, M.B. Skov, J.A. Stage, Longitudinal study of usability in health care: does time heal? Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 130 (2007) M.W.M. Jaspers, A comparison of usability methods for testing interactive health technologies: methodological aspects and empirical evidence, International Journal of Medical Informatics 78 (2008) R. Heeks, Health information systems: failure, success and improvisation, International Journal of Medical Informatics 75 (2006) P.J. Edwards, K.P. Moloney, J.A. Jacko, F. Sainfort, Evaluating usability of a commercial electronic health record: a case study, International Journal of Human Computer Studies 66 (2008) L.W.P. Peute, M.W.M. Jaspers, The significance of a usability evaluation of an emerging laboratory order entry system, International Journal of Medical Informatics 76 (2007) P a g e

3 Genomics, bioinformatics, and advances in drug discovery technologies unleash the power of innovation by greatly increasing the number of new drug targets and chemical compounds, as well as accelerating the speed with which they can be matched. ICTs provide the tools to harness and navigate the flood of data, identify promising prospects for targets and compounds, and assess which are most likely to produce results HYPOTHETICAL OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY ICT implementation in health care and its impact on job satisfaction of the personnel towards the job characteristics ICT implementation in health care and its impact on job satisfaction of the personnel towards the Critical psychological status. To offer the suggestion based on the research finding. 0.4 METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH A survey research design was used to investigate hospital personnel job satisfaction towards the implementation of ITC enabled services at hospital thematic foundation. This research is need based approach. The questions in the questionnaire followed in many ways and themes or words are changed after a pilot study. The strength of the questionnaire has been determined with help of Alpha values. The research area is Trichy and the total population of the study area is the entire personnel in the selected hospital which includes staff, nurses and excludes the doctors and other non technical staff (Accessible) across the Trichy (target). The Trichy is a home to more than 15 hospitals apart from Government hospital and colleges, which consists of different size, nature and types. The population is comprised of all personnel in hospital during the study period. A convenient sampling size of 150 participants who were also randomly selected was chosen from among the respondents. For this study purpose hospital personnel representing only nurse, pharmaceutical and technical supporting staff only. Cronbach alpha values for job satisfaction of hospital personnel towards the ICT enable service at hospital; this confirms the internal consistency of the instrument. The alpha value for the framed question has presented below CRONBACH ALPHA VALUES FOR ALL MEASUREMENT SCALES S.No Dimensions Items (N=150) Alpha 1 Demographical Job Characteristic Critical psychological characteristics Guy, P. and Gartenmann, T. (2001) Big Pharma can still find big value in E-health, Boston Consulting Group 37 P a g e

4 0.5 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSIONS TABLE -1 DEMOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND OF THE RESPONDENTS S.No Demographical Frequency Percent Mean Median Std.Deviation Gender 1 Male % Female % Age < % 26yrs to 30yrs % 31 yrs to 35 yrs % >36yrs 27 18% Experience < % 3 to % 5 to % > % Designation Staff Nurse % Technical Staff % Pharmaceutical 36 24% 5 Source: Primary data Skills Beginners 66 44% Average % Experts % The above tables describing the demographical background of the respondents were the study has conducted it shows that 58.7% of the respondents are male and 41.3% of them are female. 27.3% of the respondents are belongs to the age group of less than 25 years and 21.3% of them are belongs to age groups of 26 years to 30 years,33.4% of them are belongs to 31years to 35 years categories and 18% of them are belongs to 36 years and above. It indicates that most of them are in the middle age categories which are helpful to get rational opinion towards the job satisfaction. With regards to the experience of the respondents it shows that the highest 32.7% of the respondents are belongs to 5 to 6 years of total experience following this 25.3% of them are belongs to 3 years to 4 years experience categories. With respect to the designation of the respondents it shows that the highest 50.7% of the respondents are staff nurse and 25.3% of them are technical staff. The highest 44% of the respondents are beginners in the software users and 34.7% of them are average in software using and rest of the 21.3% of them are experts in using systems. 38 P a g e

5 TABLE 2 JOB SATISFACTION OF THE RESPONDENTS TOWARDS THE JOB CHARACTERISTIC S.No Variables SA A NAND DA SD 1 Skill varieties improved 39 (26%) 30 (20%) 62 (41.3%) 13 (8.7%) 6 (4%) 2 Easy task Identity 31 (20.7%) 42 (28%) 24 (16%) 28 (18.7%) 25 (16.6%) 3 Task Significance is simple to understand (9.3%) (33.3%) (26.7%) (10%) (20.7%) 4 Autonomy on decision making 26 (17.3%) 44 (29.3%) 42 (28%) 31 (20.7%) 7 (4.7%) 5 Feedback is always positive towards the (32%) (20.7%) (12%) (17.3%) (18%) results Sources: Primary data The above table describing that job satisfaction of the respondents towards the ICT enabled hospital, it shows that 62% of the respondents are in neutral where as 26% of the respondents strongly agrees that skill varieties has improved due to ICT uses and 20% of them agree with the statement. With respect to Easy task identity there are 20.7% of the respondents are strongly agree that ICT enable easy to identify the task has to done. The highest 33.3% of the respondents agree that task significance is easy to understand and 9.3% of the respondents strongly agree.29.3% of the respondents agree that ICT enables hospital give autonomy in decision making and 17.3% of them are strongly agree. 48 respondents strongly agree that feed back always positive towards the ICT enabled hospital which constitutes at 32% TABLE 3 JOB SATISFACTION OF THE RESPONDENTS TOWARDS THE CRITICAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC S.No Variables SA A NAND DA SD 1 Experienced Meaningfulness 36 (24%) 26 (17.3%) 25 (16.7%) 31 (20.7%) 32 (21.3%) 2 Experienced Responsibility 18 (12%) 20 (13.3%) 52 (34.7%) 35 (23.3%) 25 (16.7%) 3 Knowledge of Results 33 (22%) 32 (21.3%) 20 (13.3%) 29 (19.4%) 36 (24%) 4 Growth needs strength 23 (15.3%) 37 (24.7%) 32 (21.3%) 44 (29.3%) 14 (9.3%) 5 Work is ease pre implementation of ICT 26 (17.3%) 48 (32%) 38 (25.3%) 25 (16.7%) 13 (8.7%) Sources: Primary data 39 P a g e

6 The above tables representing that, out of the total, 36 respondents are strongly agree that ICT enabled hospital experience is meaningful which constitute 24% and 17.3% of them are agree. Among the total respondents 23.3% of the respondents are disagree the statement that experienced responsibility out of ICT enabled service in the hospitals and 16.7% of them are strongly disagree with the statement. The 22% of the respondents strongly agree that knowledge of growth which increases the job satisfactions. 24.7% of the respondents are agreeing that growth need strength in the ICT enabled services at hospital. 32% of the respondents are agree that work is quite easy were per implementation of ICT in the hospital services. The total satisfaction level towards the critical psychological factors show in the positive direction since out of 5 tested variable respondents are highly satisfied towards the four variables Table 4 ONE-SAMPLE TEST T TEST ON JOB SATISFACTION OF THE EMPLOYEES TOWARDS THE JOB CHARACTERISTICS IN THE ICT ENABLE HOSPITAL SERVICES Job characteristics t df Test Value = 0 Sig. (2- tailed) Mean Differe nce 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference Lower Upper Skill varieties improved Easy task Identity Task Significance is simple to understand Autonomy on decision making Feedback is always positive towards the results Inter s matrix on job satisfaction towards the Job characteristic Variables Skill varieties improved Easy task Identity Task Significance is simple to Statistical tools Skill varietie s improve d Easy task Identity Task Significa nce is simple to understan d Autono my on decision making Feedback is always positive towards the results Pearson 1.476(**) -.144(*).156(*) Sig. (1-tailed) N Pearson.476(** ) (**).647(**) Sig. (1-tailed) N Pearson -.144(*) Sig. (1-tailed) P a g e

7 understand N Autonomy on decision making Feedback is always positive towards the results Pearson.156(*).463(**) (**) Sig. (1-tailed) N Pearson (**) (**) 1 Sig. (1-tailed) N ** is significant at the 0.01 level (1-tailed). * is significant at the 0.05 level (1-tailed). The above table shows that job satisfaction of the hospital personnel towards the job characteristics. It shows that p < 0.05 hence it is significant at all level with each compared variables. As per the inter correlated matrix is concerns which values has highest will be the highly signify then other variable according to that the statement Easy task to identify is highly significant at 0.01 level of degree of freedom which has value of.476(**). Hence ICT enabled hospital make the hospital staff to think which makes easy task to identify that created job satisfaction at higher level. CORRESPONDENCE,Version 1.0 by Data Theory Scaling System Group (DTSS), Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences,Leiden University, The Netherlands Table 5 Correspondence Table showing the significant relationship between the age and easy task to identify EASY TASK TO IDENTIFY Active Margin AGE Active Margin P a g e

8 Dimensio n Singular Value Inertia Chi Square Summary Sig. Proportion of Inertia Accou nted for Cum ulati ve Confidence Singular Value Stand Correl ard ation Devia tion Total At 12 degrees of freedom (a) The above table showing that is there is any significant relationship between the age of the respondents and their opinion towards ICT enables one to east to identify the task. It shows the relationship is significant since P < Therefore hypothetical statement is accepted. 0.6 MAJOR FINDING FROM THE STUDY % of the respondents are male and rest of the respondents are female it shows that this industry has attract large number of male to work % of the respondents are belong to the age category of 31 years to 35 years which is the ideal age for service such a young people are need to carry out this types of services % of the respondents are highly experienced in this filed since they all belong to the 5 years to 6 years complete experience categories % of the respondents are fall in the category of both agree and strongly agree for the statement skill varieties improved 5. Overall satisfaction towards the job characteristic has showing that moderate level of satisfaction with all the tested variable and similar job satisfaction towards the psychological characteristic is also satisfied. 6. Over all alpha value for the all question in the questionnaire shows that.72 it show that validity of question is ideal. 7. Age and easy task identity has significantly correlated with each others 0.7 CONCLUSION This paper is built around the idea that IT can help improve personnel satisfaction in the hospital. It is therefore appropriate to assume that the more a health care organization invests in the implementation of IT, the better personnel satisfaction result it will get. Specific propositions under the assumption that care givers will appropriately use the benefits offered by IT to improve their efficiency. Intuitively we could say that the more integrated patients are in the hospital's is, the more likely patients will rate the hospital higher on most satisfaction dimensions. To reap all the benefits of IT, it is important to keep in mind that proper design of an information system is a prerequisite. It has been reported that many of the health care organizations that have invested a lot of money in IT have not seen the expected result. This paper has investigated that job satisfaction among the employees towards the job characteristic and critical psychological variable. Results show that there is satisfaction among the employees towards the tested variables P a g e

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