Perceptual Methodologies. Classical Psychophysics Signal Detec7on Physiological Methods
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1 Perceptual Methodologies Classical Psychophysics Signal Detec7on Physiological Methods
2 Gustav Theodor Fechner
3 Fechner s Life 1801 Born in Germany (father & lightning rod) 1806 Father died, went to live with uncle 1817 Matriculated in U Leipzig 1821 Published papers as Dr. Mises (iodine) 1822 Received baccaulareate (but didn t rou7nely go to class) 1824 Began lecturing in Leipzig 1831 Appointed unsalaried associate prof 1834 Appointed full prof w/salary & pension
4 Fechner s Life 1836 Published trea7se on life ayer death 1838 Published papers on complementary colors and subjec7ve colors 1839 Became ill and resigned chair in physics Injured eyes by looking at the sun for ayerimages Deep depression and refused to eat Tried many (strange) treatments Photophobia (mother reading to him through door)
5 Fechner s Life 1843 Sudden (miraculous) recovery 1846 Resumed Leipzig (not physics) 1848 Published Nanna was the Norse Goddess of Flowers (mental life of plants) 1850 (October 22?) solu7on to the mind- body problem birth of psychophysics 1851 Published Zend- Avesta consciousness everywhere (panpsychism)
6 Fechner s Life 1860 Published Elemente der Psychophysik (classical methods logarithmic law) 1865 Published a paper on the Golden Sec7on 1866 Published papers on esthe7cs (Holbein Madonnas) 1876 Published Vorschule der Aesthe?k 1877 Returned to psychophysics to rebut cri7cs 1887 Died in Leipzig
7 Absolute Threshold (AL)
8 What real data might look like
9 Classical Methods of Psychophysics
10 Method of Limits A range of s7muli is selected, from below threshold to above threshold. The s7muli are ordered and presented in a sequence that corresponds to either an ascending or descending series of the amount of the physical dimension under inves7ga7on. Forced Choice: The observer is to judge only whether the s7mulus was detected (Yes) or not detected (No). The trial is ended when there is a transi7on.
11 Method of Limits The observer will need to make many judgments over several repe77ons of the ascending and descending series. The psychophysical func7on is created in the following fashion: X- axis contains the informa7on about the physical dimension. S7muli are ordered from less to more. Interval size reflects size of increment from s7mulus to s7mulus. Y- axis contains the informa7on about the observer s judgment of the experience. Responses are reported as Percent(Yes). Scale goes from 0.00 (0%) to 1.0 (100 %)
12 An example of a study stimulus intensity run 1 run 2 run 3 run 4 run 5 run 6 run 7 run 8 run 9 run no no 3 no no no 4 no no no no 5 no no no no 6 no no no no no yes no 7 no yes no no no no no yes 8 yes no yes no yes yes no yes yes 9 yes yes yes yes yes yes yes 10 yes yes yes yes yes 11 yes yes yes yes yes 12 yes yes yes yes yes 13 yes yes yes 14 yes yes 15 threshold estimate threshold 7.4
13 Method of Limits Errors of an7cipa7on and habitua7on - mix series Memory for prior responses - different star7ng points Important that star7ng s7muli are below threshold (ascending series) or are above threshold (descending series)
14 Method of Constant S7muli A range of s7muli is selected, (hopefully) from below threshold to above threshold. The s7muli are ordered and presented in a randomized series of the amount of the physical dimension under inves7ga7on. Forced Choice: The observer is to judge only whether the s7mulus was detected (Yes) or not detected (No).
15 Method of Adjustment Observer makes adjustment to s7mulus source un7l threshold is achieved. A produc7on method. (more Behavioral?) Method works very quickly. Greater variability hence less accuracy.
16 Difference Threshold (DL) S7ll use the same three methods Seek to determine if people can detect a change in the s7mulus
17
18
19
20 Modern Psychophysical Methods S. S. Smioy Stevens Cross- Modal Matching Magnitude Es7ma7on Power Law Ψ = ki a
21 The exponent
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