Unit 2: The Risk and Needs Principles

Transcription

1 Unit 2: The Risk and Needs Principles

2 Principles of EBP 1. Risk Principle Who 2. Needs Principle What 3. Treatment & Responsivity Principles What Works How

3 % Reduced Recidivism Impact of Adhering to Core Principles of Effective Intervention 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% -5% None Number of Core Principles

4 Risk Principle (Who) The level of supervision or services should be matched to the risk level of the offender: i.e., higher risk offenders should receive more intensive supervision and services

5 Potential Impact on Recidivism Recidivism rates absent treatment Likely recidivism with most effective correctional intervention

6 Impact of Treatment ( Treatment Effect ) The Impact of Treatment Varies by Offender Risk Level Low Risk Low/ Moderate Risk Moderate Risk High Risk

7 Travis Co., Texas: Impact of Supervision by Risk Risk Level % Rearrest % Change Pre-TCIS 1/06-6/06 N = 1287 Post-TCIS 7/07-10/07 N = 614 in Rate Low 26% 6% -77% Medium 26% 13% -50% High 34% 31% -9% Overall 29% 24% -17%

8 Needs Principle (What) The targets for interventions should be those offender characteristics that have the most effect on the likelihood of re-offending.

9 Risk of Heart Attack 1. Elevated LDL and low HDL levels 2. Smoking 3. Diabetes 4. Hypertension 5. Abdominal obesity 6. Psychosocial (i.e., stress or depression) 7. Failure to eat fruits and vegetables daily 8. Failure to exercise

10 Allen Smith Case Summary Read the case summary and identify 6 needs that are predictive of reoffending. Prioritize those criminogenic needs from most important to least important. Identify any needs that you consider non-criminogenic (not predictive of reoffending).

11 Criminogenic Needs (likely to effect future crime) 1. Anti-social attitudes 2. Anti-social friends and peers 3. Anti-social personality pattern 4. Family and/or marital factors 5. Substance abuse 6. Lack of education 7. Poor employment history 8. Lack of pro-social leisure activities

12 Anti-Social Personality Pattern Lack of self-control Risk taking Impulsive Poor problem solving Lack of empathy Narcissistic Anger and hostility

13 Non Criminogenic Needs (not likely to effect future crime) Anxiety/stress Low self esteem Intelligence Health and physical conditioning Mental health

14 % Reduced Recidivism Targeting Multiple Criminogenic Needs 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% Number of Criminogenic Needs

15 Risk/Needs Assessment 1 st generation: subjective professional/clinical judgment 2 nd generation: actuarial, static risk factors 3 rd generation: actuarial, dynamic risk factors 4 th generation: incorporates recommend interventions

16 Risk/Needs Assessment The engine that drives EBP and EBS General v. specialized tools Proprietary v. non-proprietary Validation, reliability, training, & cost Intended to inform not replace professional judgment Re-assessments

17 Use of Risk/Needs Assessment Information at Sentencing Identify offenders who should be targeted for interventions. Identify dynamic risk factors to target with conditions of probation. Risk scores are not intended to determine the severity of the penalty or whether an offender is incarcerated.

18 Setting Probation Conditions Target criminogenic needs & dynamic risk factors Treatment conditions successfully complete a treatment program Monitoring/control conditions drug testing, intensive supervision Avoid less relevant conditions Be realistic Provide flexibility to the PO

19 LOW RISK MEDIUM RISK HIGH RISK Lowest reporting requirements No need for intensive discretionary programs Caseload 500-1,000 Increased reporting requirements Discretionary programs depending on clinical determination of need Caseload Highest reporting requirements including field visits Use of surveillance programs, Most intensive cognitive based treatments Caseload Extreme High Risk, High Risk

20 Pre-Sentence Reports Amount of support Motivation Posture Scars/tattoos Current emotional Age Race/ethnicity disposition Past supervision Self esteem Gender Employment history Degree of deference Military record Parental influence Substance abuse Physical attractiveness Educational Height/weight Prior record Physical health achievement Medications Previous treatments Verbal intelligence IQ Previous abuse history Poor self control Neighborhood Instigator/follower Mental Health Siblings Prior successes Finances Prior failures Peers Level of violence Attitude/beliefs Nationality Family name

21 Summary 1. Assess offender risk factors through use of actuarial risk/needs assessment tool and professional judgment. 2. Avoid significant intervention with low risk offenders. 3. Target moderate to high risk offenders.

22 Summary 4. Target criminogenic needs in setting conditions of probation, and in identifying appropriate programs. 5. Do not distract the offender and impede probation by imposing additional conditions of probation beyond those directly related to an offender s risk/needs.

23 Sentencing Scenarios 1 & 2 Jim & Tony

24 Purposes of Sentencing In sentencing an offender in the community, sentencing provisions intended to reduce recidivism must be successfully integrated with appropriate intermediate sanctions & behavioral controls to achieve other sentencing objectives.