Forensics Science I. Contacts. A. Cover Page

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1 Forensics Science I Contacts 1. District Information Coachella Valley Unified, Coachella Valley High School (050620) 2. Course Contact: Edna Mendoza; edna.mendoza@cvusd.us John Noonan jnoonan@cvusd.us Hector Valdez hector.valdez@cvusd.us A. Cover Page 1. Course Title; I Forensic Science 1 2. Transcript Title ForsicSci I 3. Transcript Course Code 4. Seeking Honors Distinction? (HS Only) no 5. Subject Area Integrated (Academics / CTE)? Laboratory Science ("d") / Biology / Life Sciences 6. Grade Levels Unit value Was this course previously approved by UC? (HS Only) Yes 9. Is this course, or any section of this course, taught in an online learning environment? 10. Is this course classified as a Career Technical Education course: (HS Only) No Integrated (Academics / CTE)? 11. Brief Course Description Course overview: Forensic science is the application of multiple scientific disciplines to the investigation of criminal or civil questions of the law. In this course we will use biology, chemistry, and earth sciences to analyze and interpret evidence within the realm of our legal system. The course begins with an introduction to scientific inquiry and the process of forensic investigation. This inquiry is then applied to the analysis

2 of crime scene analysis, physical/chemical analysis of evidence, microscopy, chromatography, hair/fiber/glass/document/fingerprint analysis, firearms, drug, toxicology, entomology, anthropology, blood (serology) and DNA analysis. Principal methods of learning include lecture, demonstration, case study analysis, forensic journal reading, forensics competitions, lab activities and experiments. This course will emphasize potential career pathways, critical thinking, problem-solving, observation, data analysis, data collection, digital photography and technology in addition to scientific skills and techniques. 12. Pre-requisites : Intro to Criminal Justice,, Biology 13. Co-Requisites : Algebra I ; Membership California Partnership Public Safety Academy 14. Context for Course Carl Perkins funding requires a planned sequence of courses that must be identified with specific Career Pathway. Each CTE industry strand should have an Introductory course, Concentrator Course and Capstone Course. Forensic Science I is the CTE concentrator course which continues to build on the Introductory course, (Introduction to Criminal Justice) for California Partnership Public Safety Academy. It is a requirement of State and Federal CTE grants that students have a planned sequence of courses which allows for student s to experience all aspect of the CDE Career Technical Education Foundations, Industry standards and Academic Standards 15. History of Course Development: This course was originally written in 2007 for the California Partnership Public Safety Academy. It was an elective course for Career Technical Education, and the CTE standards for Public Safety industry. Since 2007 CDE has updated CTE/Academic foundation standards: and academic cross curricular common core standards. So an upgrade was needed, so students received the maximum benefit, meeting the College,

3 Career and Citizenship objectives. It is designed meet the CTE and academic standards regarding forensics scientific investigations and is now been upgraded to meet the UC Doorways Lab Science D category for Life Sciences 16. Textbooks Title Author Publisher Edition Website Primary Forensic Science Fundamentals and Investigations Anthony J. Bertino and Patricia Nolan Bertino South-Western Cengage Learning 2nd Edition/ Yes 17. Supplemental Instruction Materials Course Content Course Purpose Students upon completion of this course will: Build upon the knowledge acquired in the prerequisites of Biology courses as they continue to investigate the major themes of the Next Generation Science Standards at an advanced level with a forensic science context. Further investigate the major theme of biology using standards based problems, investigations, laboratory experiments and data analysis in a forensic science context. Meet the Next Generation Science Standards for Biology. Using scientific terminology, principles and investigative processes to prepare students for the demands of college and university level laboratory science course. Prepare proper laboratory reports and research papers to provide the student with the scientific reasoning and advanced literacy skills required at the college level. Achieve scientific literacy (using the Common Core Standards for ELA) or the ability to use and apply scientific principles in everyday life by analyzing various types of literature from content related texts, research papers, journals and articles. Understand the basic chemical and biological processes of cells, tissues, and organisms in relation to the area of Forensic Science. Apply the scientific method to their laboratory investigations as students analyze various types of evidence. Understand and apply proper techniques, safety considerations, and equipment use in order

4 to analyze evidence in a Forensic Science. Apply scientific reasoning to mock crime scene challenges and will be able to problem solve, think critically and interpret their laboratory results. Maintain a properly documented laboratory notebook detailing their scientific investigations and analysis. Use technology and advanced tools in their laboratory investigation and data presentation. Course Outline Course content: I. Introduction chapter 1 Introduction to Forensic Science Observation skills and Crime Scene Investigation techniques Definition (terms) Students will be able define forensic science, define observation, and describe what changes occur in the brain while observing. They will also describe examples of factors influencing eyewitness accounts of events as well as compare the reliability of eye witness testimony to what actually happened. They will also relate observation skills to their use in forensic science. Students will also practice and improve their own observation skills. Students will summarize Locard's Principals of exchange as well as identify at least four examples of trace evidence. They will be able to distinguish between direct and circumstantial evidence. They will summarize the seven steps of crime scene investigation and explain the importance of securing a crime scene. They will also demonstrate proper technique in collecting and packaging trace evidence. Students will also explain what it means to map a crime scene and describe how evidence from a crime scene is analyzed. Key assignment: (Lab Activity: Locard s T-shirt Exchange Assessment), Learning to see activity, You're an eyewitness activity, what influences our observation activity. II. Scientific Methodology chapter 1 Scientific Methodology Observations (Laboratory Journals, Notes) Characteristics comparison Similar characteristics, associated to same/similar course Dissimilar characteristics, cannot be associated w/same source No conclusion can be reached, exhibiting similarities & differences

5 Class vs. individual (or accidental) characteristics Hypothesis (Logical Explanations) Tests (w/controls) Assessments (against Hypothesis) Refinement/Retesting Restating Hypothesis Confirmation/Independent Testing Redundancies Theory, Laws Students will be learn to use the scientific method in the crime scene investigation process. They will be able to make prediction and observe outcomes to identify logical outcomes. They will also create a theory that leads to hypothesis that they will use to provide confirmation of the evidence collected at a crime scene. Key assignment: Learning to see activity, What influences our observation activity, Creating a theory activity, analyzing your results activity III. Safety Safety Procedures and Practices Laboratory Safety Procedures Safety Clothing/Apparatus Gloves, glasses and lab costs Emergency shower/eye wash Stryker Chair operations (single & multiple operations (Lab Activity: Fire Drill Deployment of Stryker Teams) 1. Emergency Procedures 2. Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) 911 call 3. Initiate safety response protocols 4. Emergency First Responder (Primary & Secondary Care) 5. CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Primary Care) 6. First Aid (Secondary Care) 7. Injury First Aid 8. Temperature-Related Injuries 9. Illness First Aid 10. AED (Automatic Electronic Defibrillator: Ventricular Fibrillation) 11. Emergency Oxygen Use 12. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Students will learn the proper use of lab equipment as well as the proper safety procedures to follow in case of an emergency. They will also be able identify and label all safety apparatus including emergency response instructions. Students will learn about CPR and first aid as well as first responder actions and responsibilities. Students will understand Material Safety Data Sheets and be able to identify where it can be found as well as the importance of the information related to various emergency scenarios

6 IV. Incident Processing chapters 2-3 Crime Scene investigation and Hair 1. Protocol (Standard Operating Procedures) 2. Personnel Tasks (Responsibilities) 3. Documentation, Documentation, Documentation 4. Chain of Custody/Chain of Possession 5. Federal Rules of Evidence 6. Probative (Evidentiary) Value 1. Introduction to Anatomy 2. Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems 3. Epidermis Tissue 4. Corneal layer 5. Basal layer 6. Dermis Tissue 7. Sweat Glands 8. Sebaceous Glands 9. Muscle, vein, artery, nerve endings 10. Hairs (follicles in the skin of mammals) 11. Morphological Regions (Hair Form and Structure) 12. Cuticle 13. Cortex 14. Medulla 15. Root sheath 16. Sebaceous glands 17. Sweat (apocrine) glands 18. Hair-follicle receptors (nerve sensors) 19. Hair-follicle cycling and hair growth 20. Anagen (growth) phase 21. Catagen (regressing) phase 22. Telogen (resting) phase 23. Growth from root out (cellar division) adding to the hair shaft 24. Approximately 1 cm every 28 days in humans (Lab Activity: Introduction to Hair Analysis; students examine hair and try to identify source of hair) 1. Fibers 2. Introduction (Textile definitions: natural vs. synthetic) 3. Natural 4. Cotton, flax (linen), sisal, jute, hemp, kapok, coir 5. Wool, silk, camel, cashmere, mohair, and alpaca 6. Synthetic (man-made) 7. polyester, nylon, acrylics, rayon and acetate 8. microscopic cross-section (shapes; round/trilobal/serrated/irregular) 9. colors (dyes, printed, absorption, and discoloration) 10. fabrics (construction, knitted, woven) (Lab Activity: Ward s Scientific Hair and Fibers Lab) 4. Physical Analysis 5. Flame tests (fiber reaction to heat source) 6. Solubility tests (reactions to known chemicals) 7. Saturation, unsaturated, and supersaturated (Solubility Rules)

7 (Lab Activity: Fiber Flame & Solubility Tests, Lab Report) Students will learn the protocol to processing a crime scene. They will also know the responsibilities of each member of a task force in charge of processing a crime scene. They will understand how to set up a command post and how to follow the chain of command established. Students will also learn how to process evidence and the importance of documentation and chain of custody in regards to maintaining the integrity of the evidence processed. Students will also describe various parts of a hair. They will also be able to describe variations in the structure of the medulla, cortex, and cuticle. They will be able to distinguish between a human and nonhuman animal hair. Students will be able to explain how hair can be used in a forensic investigation. Key Assignment:Lab Activity: Crime Scene Analysis, Lab Activity: The Murder of Lois Smith, (Lab Activity: Create COP for Locard T-shirt Evidence), Establishing command activity, Processing a crime scene activity, trace evidence:hair activity, hair measurement activity V. Finger prints Chapter 6 Physical Evidence chapters 5-6 Introduction to Fingerprint Identification 1. How fingerprints are made (left on surface) perspiration 2. latent 3. Plastic 4. visible 5. Friction ridges (epidermal layers) 6. History of Fingerprint development/identification 7. fingerprint types (loops, whorls, arches, accidental types 8. Galtons Ridges (minutiae) 9. Henry FBI Classification (Lab Activity: Rolling Fingerprint/Ten Print Cards) 1. Physical Processing 2. Dusting (graphites, fluorescent powders) 3. Lifting with tapes (cellophane adhesives) (Lab Activity: Latent Print Dusting/Lifting) Students will be outline the history of fingerprinting. They will also be able to describe the characteristics of fingerprints as well as compare and contrast the basic types of fingerprints. They will also be able to describe the latest identification techniques. Students will also describe how criminals attempt to alter their fingerprint and how law enforcement process those types of prints. Key assignments:study your fingerprint activity, Giant balloon fingerprint activity, Study latent and plastic fingerprint activity VI. Blood and Blood splatter Chapter 8 Serology (Blood Typing & Blood Stain Pattern Analysis) Human Circulatory System 1. Arterial vs. Venial Blood 2. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) 3. White Blood Cells (leukocytes) 4. Platelets

8 5. Blood Types 6. A, B, AB, and O blood types 7. RH factor (Lab Activity: Simulated Blood Typing) 3. Hemoglobin in Blood 4. Presumptive (Color) Stain Testing (Kastle-Meyer Tests, Hemastix) 5. Chemiluminescent (Luminol & BluStar) 6. Bloodstain Classification 7. Spatter Group (spurt, cast-off, drip and drip trail, impacts) 8. Nonspatter group (smear, pattern transfer, pool, flow) 9. Mpact Angle and Directionality 10. Area of Origin Evaluation (Lab Activity: Blood Stains Identification) 1. Blood plasma 2. Class evidence 3. Blood splatter 4. Blood splatter patterns 5. Splatter size and shape 6. Blood stains Students will describe the forensic significance of the different types of blood cells. They will also summarize the history of the use of blood and blood-splatter analysis in forensics. Students will also describe the proper procedure for handling blood evidence. They will also outline the procedure used to determine blood type and describe how to screen for the presence of human blood. They will also be able to calculate the probability of a person having a specific blood type using data from population studies. Key assignment: Creating and Modeling blood-splatter patterns activity, Blood-Splatter analysis activity, Area of convergence activity, Blood-droplet impact angle activity VII. Forensic Entomology chapter 11 Forensic Entomology 1. Introduction 2. Study of insects and other arthropods in respect to legal matters 3. Estimating Post Mortem interval (Time of Death, TOD) 4. Introduction of chemical kinetics (rates of chemical reactions) 5. Kinetics and temperature 6. Kinetics and catalyst 7. Body Temperature (rate of cooling following death) 8. Progression of rigor mortis 9. Decomposition (definitions) 10. Insect activity (most accurate after 3 days) 11. Insect types and taxonomy 12. Introduction to Dichotomous (taxonomic Keys) 13. Necrophagous species (blow flies and flesh flies) 14. Parasites and Predators (soldier flies) 15. Omnivores and opportunists 16. Calliphoridae life cycle

9 17. Female laying eggs within minutes of death 200 to 300 in orifices 18. Eggs hatching 1 to 2 days later 19. Three larval (instars) stages (spiracles) few day to a few weeks 20. Puparium transformation (outer cuticle/3rd instar lava hardens) 21. Adult hatching, taxonomic identification 22. Influences of Ambient weather on development rates 23. Sources for weather date (NASA, local TV/Radio weather bureau) 24. Temperature range 25. Humidity, precipitation 26. Diurnal/nocturnal cycle 27. Seasonal variation 28. Detailed entomological calculation 29. Determine temperature history at scene 30. Culture (rear) maggots to adulthood to identify species 31. Estimate time of egg laying Students will describe several examples of the ways that forensic entomology is used to help solve crimes. They will compare and contrast the four stages of blowfly metamorphosis, and describe the significance of blowflies in forensic entomology. They will also describe the function of each of the following organs on blowflies and explain the significance of each structure ot forensic entomology: spiracles, mouth hooks, and crop. Students will also describe the different environmental factors on insect development. They will also describe the five stages of decomposition. Students will also explain how forensic entomologist interpret forensic evidence and environmental conditions to estimate postmortem interval. Key assignments: How to raise blowflies for forensic entomology activity, Mini-project for forensic entomology activity, Observation of blowflies or houseflies activity, Factors affecting postmortem interval estimates and accumulated degree hours activity. VIII. Handwriting Analysis, Forgery, and Counterfeiting Chapter 10 Handwriting analysis 1. Shape of letters 2. Angles or slant of letters 3. Size of letters 4. Use of connecting lines between letters 5. Infrared spectrometry 6. Computerized handwriting analysis 7. Counterfeiting measures 8. Government printing and paper making techniques Students will be able to explain how a sample of handwriting evidence is compared with and exemplar using both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. They will also be able to describe some of the limitations of handwriting analysis. Students will also be able to identify a historical case of document fraud and explain how the fraudulent document was created. Students will also be able to describe recent developments in technology fo use in handwriting analysis. They will also list and describe several ways in which businesses prevent check forgery. Students will also be able to describe features of new paper currency that protect against counterfeiting. They will also compare and contrast older paper currencies with new currencies, including those on plastic stock Key assignment: John Magnuson case study, Charles Lindbergh kidnapping case study

10 IX. Physical evidence and Tool Marks Chapter 15 and 17 Physical Evidence 1. Impressions 2. Types 3. Footwear (Forensic Podiatry) 4. Tire tracks 5. Strangulation/ligature in skin 6. Bite marks 7. Tool marks 8. Frequency and durability 9. Documentation 10. Capturing digital images (in situ and close up, with and w/out scales) 11. Recovery and enhancement (Lab Activity: Capturing digital images of foot impressions) 1. Databases 2. Relational databases 3. Inquires 4. Sampling Errors 5. Probability and Statistics 6. Experimental Results (Accuracy and Precision) 7. Soil Sciences (Mineralogy, Forensic Geology) 8. Introduction to Earth Sciences 9. Formation of soils (weathering) 10. Components of soil (top & sub soils) 11. Forensic soil examination (Purpose and procedures) 12. Soil Sampling 13. Preparation (identifying area sample represents) 14. Extraction 15. Correlation/interpretation 16. Mechanical sieve (particle) field analysis 17. Preparation (drying soil) 18. Appropriate size per sample/analysis 19. Diameter (very coarse, coarse, medium, fine, very fine; diameters mm) 20. Textural classification of soil 21. Percentages (amount sieved/volume per graduated scale) 22. Percent Clay, Silt, and/or Sand (loam) (Lab Activity: Soil analysis, sieving, percentages of sample) 6. Soil Forming Factors 7. Parent materials 8. Climate 9. Organisms 10. Topography 11. Time

11 12. Physical Properties Analysis 13. States of Matter (Solids, liquids, Gas) 14. Pure substance (Elements/atoms) 15. Mixtures (homogeneous/heterogeneous) 16. Units of Measurement (Mass, volume, distance & time) 17. Mass/Weight 18. Density (mass per unit volume, and density gradient methods) 19. Temperature 20. Chemical Properties Analysis 21. Reactions, Properties and Changes 22. Multiple sampling testing (redundancy/independent/blind test) 23. ph (acidity or alkalinity determination, ph range) (Lab Activity: Red Cabbage ph Indicator Solution) 4. Mathematics to Solutions (calculating ph) (Lab Activity: Household Product ph report) 5. Nitrogen content 6. Nitrate 7. Nitrite (nitrate nitrogen decomposes to form nitrites) 8. Ammonia (most abundant available form of nitrogen in forest solid) 9. Potassium (Potash) Content 10. Phosphorous content (extremely sensitive test, involved in rapid uptake of water/nutrients in plants, required for plant transfer of energy) 11. Calcium & Magnesium content (neutralizing acids, essential for plant walls of plant cells-providing rigidity or stiffness) 12. Chloride (present in practically all soils) 13. Sulfates (major sources mare fertilizers) 14. Biological Properties Analysis 15. Introduction to Microscopy 16. Compound microscopes (parts, proper use) 17. Stereo-Zoom microscope (parts, proper use) (Lab Activity: Proper use/care of microscopes, field-of-view measurement) 1. Preparing wet & permanent slides 2. Humus (plant and animal residue) organic carbon 3. Plant tissue tests 4. Glass Analysis 5. Glass samples as evidence (properly collecting, preservations) 6. Cleaning glass samples, preparing for analysis 7. Polarized light microscopy (characterizing)) 8. Refractive index 9. Direction of Fracturing Force 10. Types of fractures (low-velocity, high velocity, thermal) 11. Waller lines (ridges, 4R rule) 12. Cone or crater (high velocity impact) 13. Hackle Lines (stress marks) 14. Sequence of Fractures 15. Radial fractures

12 (Lab Activity: Wards: Glass Analysis) students will be able to describe how forensic investigators analyze evidence made from tool marks as well as providing well supported arguments on what is considered class evidence. They will also compare and contrast soda glass, lead glass, and heat-resistant glass. They will be able to distinguish between radial and concentric fractures and identify how they are formed. X. Firearms and Ballistics chapter 18 Firearms and Ballistics 1. Long guns vs handguns 2. Accuracy of pistol vs a handgun 3. Compare and contrast a rifle and shotgun 4. Difference of a bullet and a cartridge 5. Rifling of a firearm barrel 6. Substance in a cartridge that enables bullet to be a projectile 7. Function of the hammer on a firearm 8. Difference between gunpowder and primer powder 9. The make up of a shotgun shell 10. Projectile energy from a pistol vs a shotgun 11. Firearm calibers Key Assignments: Key assignment: Learning to see activity, What influences our observation activity, Creating a theory activity, analyzing your results activity III. Safety Safety Procedures and Practices 1. Laboratory Safety Procedures 2. Safety Clothing/Apparatus 3. Gloves, glasses and lab costs 4. Emergency shower/eye wash 5. Stryker Chair operations (single & multiple operations (Lab Activity: Fire Drill Deployment of Stryker Teams) 1. Emergency Procedures 2. Activate Emergency Medical Services (EMS) 911 call 3. Initiate safety response protocols

13 4. Emergency First Responder (Primary & Secondary Care) 5. CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation-Primary Care) 6. First Aid (Secondary Care) 7. Injury First Aid 8. Temperature-Related Injuries 9. Illness First Aid 10. AED (Automatic Electronic Defibrillator: Ventricular Fibrillation) 11. Emergency Oxygen Use 12. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Students will learn the proper use of lab equipment as well as the proper safety procedures to follow in case of an emergency. They will also be able identify and label all safety apparatus including emergency response instructions. Students will learn about CPR and first aid as well as first responder actions and responsibilities. Students will understand Material Safety Data Sheets and be able to identify where it can be found as well as the importance of the information related to various emergency scenarios. Key assignment: Safety procedures activity, Safety equipment activity, CPR and first aid activity, MSDS activity IV. Incident Processing chapters 2-3 Crime Scene investigation and Hair 1. Protocol (Standard Operating Procedures) 2. Personnel Tasks (Responsibilities) 3. Documentation, Documentation, Documentation 4. Chain of Custody/Chain of Possession 5. Federal Rules of Evidence 6. Probative (Evidentiary) Value (Lab Activity: Introduction to Hair Analysis; students examine hair and try to identify source of hair) 1. Fibers 2. Introduction (Textile definitions: natural vs. synthetic) 3. Natural 4. Cotton, flax (linen), sisal, jute, hemp, kapok, coir 5. Wool, silk, camel, cashmere, mohair, and alpaca 6. Synthetic (man-made) 7. polyester, nylon, acrylics, rayon and acetate 8. microscopic cross-section (shapes; round/trilobal/serrated/irregular) 9. colors (dyes, printed, absorption, and discoloration) 10. fabrics (construction, knitted, woven) (Lab Activity: Ward s Scientific Hair and Fibers Lab) 1. Physical Analysis 2. Flame tests (fiber reaction to heat source) 3. Solubility tests (reactions to known chemicals)

14 4. Saturation, unsaturated, and supersaturated (Solubility Rules) (Lab Activity: Fiber Flame & Solubility Tests, Lab Report) Key Assignment: Lab Activity: Crime Scene Analysis, Lab Activity: The Murder of Lois Smith, (Lab Activity: Create COP for Lockard T-shirt Evidence), Establishing command activity, Processing a crime scene activity, trace evidence: Hair activity, hair measurement activity V. Finger prints Chapter 6 Physical Evidence chapters 5-6 Introduction to Fingerprint Identification 1. How fingerprints are made (left on surface) perspiration 2. latent 3. Plastic 4. visible 5. Friction ridges (epidermal layers) 6. History of Fingerprint development/identification 7. fingerprint types (loops, whorls, arches, accidental types 8. Galtons Ridges (minutiae) 9. Henry FBI Classification (Lab Activity: Rolling Fingerprint/Ten Print Cards) 1. Physical Processing 2. Dusting (graphites, fluorescent powders) 3. Lifting with tapes (cellophane adhesives) (Lab Activity: Latent Print Dusting/Lifting) Key assignments:study your fingerprint activity, Giant balloon fingerprint activity, Study latent and plastic fingerprint activity VI. Blood and Blood splatter Chapter 8 Serology (Blood Typing & Blood Stain Pattern Analysis) Human Circulatory System 1. Arterial vs. Venial Blood 2. Red Blood Cells (erythrocytes) 3. White Blood Cells (leukocytes) 4. Platelets 5. Blood Types 6. A, B, AB, and O blood types 7. RH factor (Lab Activity: Simulated Blood Typing) 1. Hemoglobin in Blood 2. Presumptive (Color) Stain Testing (Kastle-Meyer Tests, Hemastix)

15 3. Chemiluminesce (Luminol & BluStar) 4. Bloodstain Classification 5. Spatter Group (spurt, cast-off, drip and drip trail, impacts) 6. Nonspatter group (smear, pattern transfer, pool, flow) 7. Mpact Angle and Directionality 8. Area of Origin Evaluation (Lab Activity: Blood Stains Identification) 1. Blood plasma 2. Class evidence 3. Blood splatter 4. Blood splatter patterns 5. Splatter size and shape 6. Blood stains Key assignment: Creating and Modeling blood-splatter patterns activity, Blood-Splatter analysis activity, Area of convergence activity, Blood-droplet impact angle activity VII. Forensic Entomology chapter 11 Forensic Entomology Key assignments: How to raise blowflies for forensic entomology activity, Mini-project for forensic entomology activity, Observation of blowflies or houseflies activity, Factors affecting postmortem interval estimates and accumulated degree hours activity. VIII. Handwriting Analysis, Forgery, and Counterfeiting Chapter 10 Handwriting analysis Key assignment: John Magnuson case study, Charles Lindbergh kidnapping case study IX. Physical evidence and Tool Marks Chapter 15 and 17 Physical Evidence (Lab Activity: Capturing digital images of foot impressions) (Lab Activity: Soil analysis, sieving, percentages of sample) 24., ph range) (Lab Activity: Red Cabbage ph Indicator Solution) 5. Mathematics to Solutions (calculating ph) (Lab Activity: Household Product ph report) (Lab Activity: Proper use/care of microscopes, field-of-view measurement) (Lab Activity: Wards: Glass Analysis)

16 Instruction Methods and/or Strategies Apply scientific reasoning to mock crime scene challenges and will be able to problem solve, think critically and interpret their laboratory results. Maintain a properly documented laboratory notebook detailing their scientific investigations and analysis. Use technology and advanced tools in their laboratory investigation and data presentation. Be assessed through a variety of assessment tools including their performance on lab investigations and activities. Assessments Including Methods and/or Tools Completion of lab measured with a rubric; Unit test, Protocols and procedures, Open ended questions, and projects analysis