Reshaping the Wellness Landscape Toward Positive Wellness Gains

Transcription

1 Reshaping the Wellness Landscape Toward Positive Wellness Gains Craig M. Becker, PhD, CWP East Carolina University Positivehealthleadership.worpress.com

2 Hamlet, Act II, Scene II There is nothing either good or bad, but thinking makes it so.

3 Meaning... Things don t mean ANYTHING, until we Decide they do...

4 So... We decide what things mean

5 So... We decide what things mean Isn t that what we do in life? Decide what things mean??

6 Halbert Dunn Decided What Health Means... Wanted different understanding Health understood as no sickness?? Created Cognitive Dissonance (unease) Suggested Health Needed Wellness

7 What is Health? 1946 World Health Organization definition of Health is a state of Health is a state of physical, complete physical, mental mental and and social well-being not and merely not merely the the absence of of disease or infirmity.

8 Dunn: Need Positive Health Halbert Dunn, concept of Wellness (1959) High Level Wellness for Man & Society Book, Articles, Radio Programs Suggested Need for Positive health Axis

9 Dunn s Wellness Quadrant Matrix Wanted to Reshape landscape Implied Positive Health more than unsickness Favorable Environment Suggested Need Positive Health Quadrant Premature Death Protected Health Health Axis Poor Health E n vi r o n m en t a l A xi High Level Wellness Health Axis Low Level Wellness Said area: Undifferentiated Darkly Seen Peak Wellness Idea to Reshape Landscape Very Unfavorable Environment s Still Greatly Misunderstood

10 What is Positive health? More than a state of "unsickness" Then (and now) "darkly seen" Undifferentiated...

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12 This Presentation... Perspective on positive health gains It application to health & wellness Prospect theory What it is and how it may help... Its relevancy to reshaping wellness Use to further Dunn's idea of Wellness

13 Gains & Losses Measurements When do they mean something? Pajama s & Brush Teeth All Measurements are Comparisons

14 Isn't Better Positive? It Depends Less sick, treatment = Gains?? Recovering Losses or Creating Gains? When is it a positive? A few thoughts...

15 Beyond Reference Point Need Growth or Gain Focus or +3 Thriving! Flourishing! Achieving! Positive Gains Desired! Quality Status Quo or 0 Kind of Actually not worse NonNegative The Benefit of Deficit Theory Prevention Craig M. Becker, PhD

16 Perceived Reference Point Give $MONEY$ to People in Poverty Is it a gain? +3? No It is Recovering a Loss Still Below Reference Line

17 Poverty & Gains Giving Money to Poverty Not a Gain Its a Comparison... Reference Line Determines True Gains Gains Get Emotional = Values

18 How focus on Gains??? Objective: Focus on Gains > Average Move toward Better than before Must be better, even if Is there a way? problem present

19 Prospect Theory Describes the way people make decisions among alternatives when outcome probabilities are known Decisions based on potential value of losses and gains rather than the final outcome Shows how system is emotional Demonstrates how it is flawed

20 Kahneman & Tversky Daniel Kahneman, who won a Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work developing Prospect theory.

21 Daniel Kahneman TED Presentation, The Riddle of Experience vs. Memory

22 Why a theory? Theories Provide Predictions They Simplify Life! Theories describe, organize, systemize and help explain phenomena

23 Why a theory? Provides understanding so can improve Predictions use independent variables Variables change outcome (wellness?) We can manipulate variables

24 Prospect Theory Predicts Behaviors Variables of Value of Prospect Theory: Change, not Final Value Losses Gains Theory About Value of Journey?

25 Prospect Theory Unlike Utility Theory In Expected Utility Theory Gains and Losses, equal/opposite About absolute, not relative outcome

26 Prospect Theory has Loss Aversion Losses more Dominant than Gains Loss Aversion Risk Seeker vs. Risk Averse

27 Preference for Status Quo Give up What have - Loss Aversion Overvalue possessions Illness Loss > Health Gain Its Emotional

28 Overlap of Findings Fredrickson - Positivity Positivity Ratio

29 Why??? Bad Good

30 How many times is the white ball thrown?

31 How many times is the white ball thrown?

32 How did you do? Why do we think this way?

33 Flawed Functioning Process is Emotional - Not Rational System 1: Emotional - Amygdala System 2: Rational - Thoughtful

34 System 2 Limitation Did you count the passes? Limitation: only do one thing well Cognitive Strain Glucose Intensive Function

35 The Elephant & the Rider Helpful Analogy Elephant = System 1: Faster, powerful, less precise Rider = System 2: Slower, overpowered, logical

36 Cost of Bat + Cost of Ball =$1.10 Bat Costs $1.00 More than ball Cost of Ball =????

37 If ball = 10 bat must be $1.10 (Ball)$ (Bat)$1.10 = $1.20 Ball must be 5 cents (Ball)$ (Bat)$1.05 = $1.10

38 Why/How flawed? Reptilian Brain - Modern World Focus on > 1 Idea Hard (Gorilla) First thoughts Automatic Intuition, often wrong (10 )... Why wrong?

39 Bias Cause Errors Availability - easily recalled Anchor Effect - Priming Priming - guides thoughts. Cognitive Ease - not require much effort Cohesiveness - emotional, not physical... Difficulties when under cognitive strain...

40 Cognitive Strain Cognition has limited resources Tired causes bad decisions (Rider not act) Then Work on Automatic

41 Cognitive Strain Exceptional strain: to avoid/not do action Exhausts, no strength to cause health Go with easier option... What does this mean for Wellness?

42 Prevention Wellness Nonevents difficult to Handle! Prevention = Nothing Wellness = Presence of Positive Gain Prevention & Positive Health Gains??

43 Research & Gains

44 Gains??? Impossible to create +3

45 Other Findings Framing Effects Experience vs. Remembering Self Memory Manipulation Impact on future choices

46 Emotions Flaw Our System Formula predictions better than humans Even Pundits/Experts... Our decision making system has limitations When can we trust thoughts & intuition?

47 How can this Reshape the Landscape Toward Positive Wellness Gains?

48 Need to Train the Elephant! Make positive wellness gains AUTOMATIC MODE FOR PROGRAMMING EFFORTS

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50 For Wellness Provide Positive Gain +3 Frame Greater Participation Improved Performance How...

51 Enjoying the food?

52 How would you complete this?

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55 Systematic Bias Can lead to Better Availability - provide positive messages Anchor Effect - Anchor thoughts often Priming - use to guide thoughts.

56 Systematic Bias Can lead to Better Cognitive Ease - clear; easily understood Cohesiveness - emotionally complete... Cognitive Ease = More Accepting!

57 Frame Effects Gains should be Primary Make Available & Likely Prime so ready to benefit Anchor at a high level Make Emotionally Cohesive

58 Manipulate Memories Choices Driven by Emotion Memory Experience Remembering Self

59 Memory Manipulation We Have Duration Neglect Peak & End Experiences Matter Memory Incomplete Coherent Study Created with Association Future Actions Based on Memories i.e. Disney, Women Football Camp

60 Benefits for Wellness Create Positive Memories Greater Participation Improved Performance Predict the Future by Creating it! How can I???

61 Future Predictions... Theories are Predictions! Learn & Use Theory! Your Intuitions are Predictions Are your intuitions good?

62 Trust Intuition?? Art Expert Coach Fireman Magical Stories??

63 Build Gut Trust... Its Not Magical!??

64 Expertise, Mastery 10,000 Hours 10 Years WAIT We are all experts Family member mood, Poor driver on road, etc Instant & Automatic!

65 Make +3 Possible & Likely! Overcome Loss Aversion with +3 Reshape Landscape for Positive Gains! Create Regular Predictable Environment -Learn and Study! -Make Healthy Choices Easy -Make Unhealthy Choices Hard

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