E-coaching: A review of the literature. Stella Kanatouri Helmut-Schmidt University, Hamburg

Transcription

1 E-coaching: A review of the literature, Hamburg

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4 Young and Dixon (1996) Charbonneau, M.A (2002) Bowles and Picano (2006) Ghods (2009) Wang (2000) Berry (2005) Frazee (2008) Poepsel (2011)

5 Methodologies * Quantitative design *Self-reports questionnaire * Control group * Qualitative design *Qualitative design *Semi-structured interviews *Quantitative design *Survey Young & Dixon (1996) Wang (2000) Charbonneau (2002) Berry (2005) * Quantitative design *Self-reports *Mixed methods design *Interviews * Survey *Quantitative design *Self-reports - questionnaire *Quantitative design *Experimental approach *Survey Bowles & Picano (2006) Frazee (2008) Ghods (2009) Poepsel (2011)

6 Client satisfaction Sustainable outcomes Relationship Coaching modality Goal attainment

7 Ghods (2009): Clients were positive towards the telephone coaching program they had received Berry (2005): Coaches reported equal preferences for face-to-face and e-coaching Frazee (2008): Despite reporting predominant use of face-to-face coaching, coaches were positive towards e-coaching Coaches recognized the benefits e-coaching offers and predicted an increased use of e-coaching in the future Charbonneau (2002): Coaches perceived telephone coaching to be less effective than face-toface, but they recognized the benefits of telephone coaching Telephone coaching enhances the coach s abilities Good telephone coaches were able to compensate for a lack of visual cues by verbalizing the process to the clients

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9 The coach-client relationship affects client satisfaction Highly significant relationship between client satisfaction, coach-client relationship and perceived outcomes Ghods (2009)

10 Medium selection affects the perceived success of the coaching intervention Telephone is : Telephone is the most frequently used medium for delivering coaching at a distance Berry (2005); Grant and Zackon (2004); Poepsel, (2011) A powerful medium for coaching Berry (2005); Ghods (2009)

11 Clients felt comfortable to disclose information over the phone They were able to develop a strong relationship with their coach Ghods (2009) Coaches felt that to establish a trusting relationship at least an initial face-to-face contact is necessary Charbonneau (2002) No significant differences were found in working alliance or problem resolution between the face-to-face and distance coaching. Berry (2005) Coaches expressed difficulties in establishing a trusting relationship at a distance and recommended an initial face-to-face contact Frazee (2008)

12 Sustainability of coaching outcomes Online coaching program effectiveness in terms of goal attainment Poepsel (2011) Telephone coaching outcomes were sustained 6 months after completion Ghods (2009)

13 E-coaching empirical research is mostly quantitative Empirical studies explored: Clients and coaches attitudes towards e-coaching Factors affecting perceived success of e-coaching and client satisfaction The development of coach-client relationship at a distance The effectiveness of e-coaching measured in goal attainment, sustainability of outcomes

14 Empirical findings: Clients and coaches attitudes towards e-coaching are positive A strong coach-client relationship and the selected coaching modality are critical for the perceived success of e-coaching and client satisfaction Findings on whether a coach-client relationship can be developed at a distance were inconsistent. Telephone was considered to be the most frequently used medium in distance coaching Telephone was considered to be a powerful modality for delivering coaching One study offered empirical evidence to support the effectiveness ofan online coaching program in terms of goal attainment (Poepsel 2011) One study indicated sustainable coaching outcomes 6 months after completion of a telephone coaching program (Ghods 2009)

15 References Young, D.P. & Dixon, N.M. (1996) Helping leaders take effective action: A program evaluation. CCL Press. Wang,L. (2000) The relationship between distance coaching and transfer of training. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Charbonneau, M.A (2002). Participant self-perception about the cause of behavior change from a program of executive coaching. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.alliant International University. Los Angeles. Berry, R.M. (2005). A comparison of face-to-face and distance coaching practices: The role of the working alliance in problem resolution. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. Georgia State University. Bowles, S.V. & Picano, J.J. (2006) Dimensions of coaching related to productivity and quality of life. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 58, Frazee, R.V. (2008). E-coaching in organizations. A study of features, practices, and determinants of use. Unpublished doctoral dissertation.san Diego University. Ghods, N. (2009). Distance coaching: The relationship between coach-client relationship, client satisfaction, and coaching outcomes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. San Diego University. Poepsel, M. (2011). The impact of an online evidence-based coaching program on goal striving, subjective well-being, and level of hope. Capella University.