SSSP. Springer Series in Social Psychology

Transcription

1 SSSP Springer Series in Social Psychology

2 SSSP Changing Conceptions of Crowd Mind and Behavior Edited by Carl R Graumann and Serge Moscovici Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg Tokyo

3 Carl F. Graumann Psychologisches Institut der Universitiit Heidelberg Heidelberg 1 Federal Republic of Germany Serge Moscovici Ecole Des Hautes Etudes En Sciences Sociales Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale Paris, France Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Main entry under title: Changing conceptions of crowd mind and behavior. (Springer series in social psychology) Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Crowds-Congresses. 2. Crowding stress-congresses. 3. Collective behavior-congresses. 4. Mobs-Congresses. I. Graumann, Carl F. (Carl Friedrich), II. Moscovici, Serge. III. Series. HQ281.C ' by Springer-Verlag New York Inc. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st editon 1986 All rights reserved. No part ofthis book may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from Springer-Verlag, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10010, U.S.A. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Typeset by Publishers Service, Bozeman, Montana ISBN-13: DOl: / e-isbn-13:

4 Editorial Note This volume is the first in a series of three dealing with changing conceptions in social psychology. The chapters contained in these volumes originated in symposia which were organized by the editors with the help of members and guests of the Study Group "Historical Change in Social Psychology." The work of this group has been made possible by a grant and the hospitality offered by the Werner-Reimers Foundation, Bad Homburg, Federal Republic of Germany, with the assistance of the Maison des Sciences de l'homme, Paris, France. Further volumes: Changing Conceptions of Leadership Changing Conceptions of Conspiracy

5 Contents 1. Introduction Serge Moscovici 2. The Discovery ofthe Masses Serge Moscovici A New Human Dimension: The Crowd How a Science Discovers Its Facts... 6 The Riddle of Crowd Formation A Science of the Irrational Crowds are the Unconscious Natural Crowds and Artificial Crowds Models of Suggestive Influence and the Disqualification of the Social Crowd Erika Apfelbaum and Gregory R. McGuire The Political and Intellectual Climate of Fin-de-Siecle Paris Disqualification and Revolution: The Perspective of the Crowd Psychologies From Medical to Psychiatric Praxis-From Animal Magnetism to Suggestive Influence Hypnosis Versus Suggestion-The Nancy/Salpetriere Debate Binet at the Salpetriere-Dogmatic Experimentation The Pervasiveness of the Hypnosis/Suggestion Model at the End of the 19th Century From Theories of Magnetism to Political Ideology From Suggestive Influence to Crowd Psychology Binet at the Crossroads of the Social Psychology of Interpersonal Influence Conclusion

6 viii Contents 4. Freud and Massenpsychologie lean-michel Rey 5. Mass Psychology, Social Psychology, and the Politics of Mussolini Willem Doise Brief Presentations Mussolini and the Three Authors Le Bon, Orano, and Sorel and the Sociopsychological Study of Mussolini's Rise and Fall The Social Psychology of William McDougall Robert M. Farr McDougall's Two Volume Social Psychology Reaction to McDougall's Social Psychology Postscript The Individualization of the Social and the Desocialization of the Individual: Floyd H. Allport's Contribution to Social Psychology Carl F. Graumann Social Psychology as Individual Psychology The Individual Psychology of Crowds and Groups The Individualization of Social Psychology: An Evaluation in Retrospect Conceptions of Crowds and Crowding Lenelis Kruse Everyday Experiences of Crowds and Crowding The Unrelatedness of Crowds and Crowding in Scientific Research and Discourse Crowd Psychology Crowding Phenomena and Research on Crowding The Janus-Faced Problem of Crowd and Crowding Collective Behavior from the 17th to the 20th Century: Change of Phenomena, Change of Perception or No Change at All? Some Preliminary Reflections Dieter Groh A Paradigm Change in Perception From "Revolts" to "Revolution": The Continental World The Natural Law of Mass Action: The Anglo-Saxon World

7 Contents ix The Rebellious Subjects: Germany A Paradigm Change in Interpretation of Motivation: From Passions to Interests (17th-18th Centuries) A Paradigm Change in Perceiving the "Laboring Poor" in England: From Low to High Wages as Incentive for Work The Laborer as "Working Animal" and the "Unpredictable Natural Forces" of Working Class Action: The German Kaiserreich Class Interests and Perception Masses-From an Idealistic to a Materialistic Point of View? Aspects of Marxian Theory ofthe Class Otthein Rammstedt Social Movement as a Dialectical Process... " 164 The Conflict Between Bauer and Marx Mass and Class Mass, Mobilization, and the State Pierre Birnbaum Individual Action and Collective Movement The Social Organization of Early Human Groups Leon Festinger 13. Crowd Mind and Behavior: Afterthoughts... " 217 Carl F. Graumann The Historical Versus Scientific Approach to Mass Phenomena Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Conceptions of Mass Phenomena The Rationalist Versus Irrationalist Explanations of Crowd Phenomena Author Index Subject Index

8 Contributors Erika Apfelbaum, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, Universite de Paris VII, F Paris, France. Pierre Birnbaum, Departement de Science Politique de la Sorbonne, Universite de Paris I, F Paris-Cedex 05, France. Willem Daise, Faculte de Psychologie et des Sciences de l'education, Universite de Geneve, CH-1211 Geneve 4, Switzerland. Robert M. Farr, Department of Psychology, London School of Economics, London WC2, England. Leon Festinger, Department of Psychology, The Graduate Faculty, New School for Social Research, New York, NY 10011, U.S.A. Carl F Graumann, Psychologisches Institut der Universitiit Heidelberg, D-6900 Heidelberg 1, Federal Republic of Germany. Dieter Groh, Fachbereich Philo sophie und Geschichte, Universitiit Konstanz, D-775 Konstanz, Federal Republic of Germany. Lenelis Kruse, Psychologisches Institut der Universitiit Heidelberg, D-6900 Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany. Gregory R. McGuire, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, York University, Downsview, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada. Serge Moscovici, Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France. Otthein Rammstedt, Fakultiit fur Soziologie der Universitiit Bielefeld, D-4800 Bielefeld 1, Federal Republic of Germany. lean-michel Rey, Departement de Litterature Franr;aise, Universite Paris VIII Vincent it Saint Denis, F Saint Denis-Cedex, France.