A hierarchy of temporal receptive windows in human cortex Uri Hasson, Nava Rubin, David Heeger, Ignacio Vallines, Eunice Yang
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1 A hierarchy of temporal receptive windows in human cortex Uri Hasson, Nava Rubin, David Heeger, Ignacio Vallines, Eunice Yang Psychology department and the Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University
2 Temporal scale of processing Real-world events unfold at different time scales, and therefore cognitive and neuronal processes must likewise occur at different time scales.
3 Temporal scale of processing Real-world events unfold at different time scales, and therefore cognitive and neuronal processes must likewise occur at different time scales. The speed of sight 150mesc 1000mesc 7000mesc The visual system is optimized for rapidly processing the momentary visuospatial properties of the stimuli
4 Temporal scale of processing Real-world events unfold at different time scales, and therefore cognitive and neuronal processes must likewise occur at different time scales. Real life temporal scales 150mesc 1000mesc 7000mesc The visual system is optimized for rapidly processing the momentary visuospatial properties of the stimuli
5 Things unfold over time The desperate The savior Intervention Turning point Time (seconds)
6 Things unfold over time Fine temporal granularity (Frame by-frame) Short temporal granularity (~2-5sec ) Mid temporal granularity (~15-20sec ) Long temporal granularity (~40sec the entire movie The desperate The savior Intervention Turning point Time (seconds)
7 Parametric variation of the temporal structure of a movie sequence Single event 14 Single event 15 Single event 16 t cut cut cu Piecewise Scrambling At short temporal scales (~4 +/- 1sec ) At mid temporal scales (~12 +/- 3sec ) At long temporal scales (~36 +/- 4sec )
8 Shot vs. juxtaposition of shots Short temporal granularity (~4 +/- 1sec ) Mid temporal granularity (~12 +/- 3sec ) Long temporal granularity (~36 +/- 4sec) x2 x2 x2 Correlation Short1:Short2 Correlation Mid1:Mid2 x2 Correlation Director s cut Forward1:Forward2 Correlation Long1:Long2
9 Reliability of cortical activity during natural stimulation fmri response fmri response T1 T8 fmri Voxel x2 x2 x2 Correlation Short1:Short2 Correlation Mid1:Mid2 x2 Correlation Director s cut Forward1:Forward2 Correlation Long1:Long2
10
11 Reliability of cortical activity during natural stimulation Predictions Higher order areas (e.g. reasoning) Integration over long time scales - plot Mid order processing areas (e.g. FFA, PPA) Integration over few sec -montage Early visual areas (e.g. V1, MT+) Frame by frame analysis of single shots Inter-subject correlations for the original movie
12 Effect of scrambling at different time scales Hasson et al J Neuroscience
13 Parametric variation of the temporal structure of a movie sequence Forward x 2 (F1, F2) T1 T8 Backward x 2 (B1, B2) T1 T8
14 fmri response Forward x 2 (F1, F2) Correlation coefficient: Forward vs. Backward (Lower bound) T1 T8 fmri Voxel Corr F1:B1 =0.04 Forward 1 Correlation between the backward and forward TC Internal assessment of noise Backward x 2 (B1, B2) Backward 1 T1 T8
15 fmri response Forward x 2 (F1, F2) Moment to Moment responses T1 T8 fmri Voxel Corr rb1:f1 =0.71 Reversing the backward TC Shift TC: Correct for Hemodynamic delay Reversed Backward time course Backward x 2 (B1, B2) T1 T8
16 fmri response Forward x 2 (F1, F2) Moment to Moment responses T1 T8 fmri Voxel Corr rb1:f1 =0.71 Strong correlation between the reversed backward and forward Time courses Moment to moment response profile within short time intervals No dependency on the direction of time Backward x 2 (B1, B2) T1 T8
17 fmri response Forward x 2 (F1, F2) Moment to Moment responses T1 T8 fmri Voxel Corr rb1:f1 =0.01 While regions in which the response pattern dependent on the temporal sequences should differ in their response profile to the forward and reversed backward movies. Backward x 2 (B1, B2) T1 T8
18 MT+/V5 motion-related area + +
19 MT+/V5 motion-related area Corr F1:F2 =0.68 Corr rb1:f1 =0.54 Corr F:B =0.05 Corr B1:B21 =0.61 N=8
20 MT+/V5 motion-related area Corr F1:F2 =0.68 Corr rb1:f1 =0.54 What was the correlation between the reversed backward and forward time courses? Corr B1:B21 =0.61 N=8
21 Hasson et al J Neuroscience MT+/V5 motion-related area
22 Forward - Left to right movement Backward - Right to left movement MT neurons MT Voxel Left to right movement Right to left movement On average homogeneous populations of left and right movement Similar mean activation No skewed representation towards the forward movies
23 Thus, we can conclude that the moment-to-moment response profile in MT+ is similar in the backward and forward movies
24 Voxel-by-voxel inter correlation analysis Talairach coordinates Forward Source Brain Reversed Target Brain Backward
25 Cortical activity independent of temporal order MT+ Reversed backward vs. Forward
26 (CrB1:F1 < ½ CF1:F2) Cortical activity dependent of temporal order
27 The reduction in the reliability of the response patterns for the unstructured movies cannot be attributed to reduction in the responsiveness in these regions
28 Response amplitude vs. correlation-based analysis
29 Response amplitude vs. correlation-based analysis Epoch based: Short movie clips Forward Backward MT+
30 Response amplitude vs. correlation-based analysis Response amplitude Forward Backward Reproducibility of response patterns
31 The reduction in correlations for the unstructured movies cannot be attributed to differences in eye movements
32 Eye Movements
33 Conclusion The results demonstrate that the activation in some brain areas depends on the moment-to-moment sensory inputs while the activation in other areas depends on the past context over a variety of temporal scales. V1, MT FFA, STS, Precuneus Lateral sulcus TPJ, FEF
34 A hierarchy of temporal receptive windows Temporal Spatial receptive fields Windows TPJ-LS FEF FFA, PPA STS, Precuneus V1, MT
35 Temporal Receptive Window (TRW) Open questions 1. How do neurons accumulate information over long time scales? Is it an emerging property of the network? 2. What are the functional properties of a TRW a) Refresh rate b) Variability of rate c) Attentional modulation 3) Can we find a similar hierarchy of temporal receptive windows in other modalities, beside the visual cortex?
36 The end
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