24 November 2009 Graduation Oration. Why the mind is like an elephant. Dr Noellie Brockdorff Faculty of Economics Management & Accountancy
|
|
- Abigail Quinn
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 24 November 2009 Graduation Oration Why the mind is like an elephant Dr Noellie Brockdorff Faculty of Economics Management & Accountancy Many of you will be familiar with the old story about six men in the dark who are asked to determine what an elephant is like by touching different parts of the elephant. The man who feels a leg says the elephant is like a pillar; the one who feels the tail says the elephant is like a rope; the one who feels the tusk says the elephant is like a solid pipe and so on. All may be right in their own way but none have the complete picture. In some ways the traditional approach to investigating the mind has had something of this approach about it. Over the centuries several disciplines have contributed to our knowledge of the mind philosophy and psychology foremost amongst them but these had generally used the methodologies of a single discipline and reported the view from their perspective. In the 1950s, it became evident to researchers in a number of diverse fields that they were working on similar problems related to mind and intelligence - they realised that they were all describing different parts of an elephant. And, furthermore, that no single approach was likely to uncover the workings of the mind - simply describing the bit of elephant they happened to be close to was not going to get them closer to knowing what an elephant is like. The interdisciplinary study of mind and intelligence became known as cognitive science. The disciplines that historically contributed to the founding of cognitive science are psychology, linguistics, neuroscience, computer science, anthropology and philosophy (Miller, 2003). Over the years other fields have also contributed, including education, engineering, sociology and many others. A brief review of some of the individual approaches of the founding disciplines of cognitive science quickly brings to light how different fields of study whilst apparently trying to find answers to different questions are actually addressing very similar problems. What does it mean to know something? To have accurate beliefs? To be ignorant or mistaken about something? Answers to these types of questions have been sought by philosophers for millennia. They were much debated by the Greek Philosophers and by later thinkers such as Descartes, Locke and Kant in their quest for a greater understanding of the nature of knowledge and the human mind. Cognitive Psychologists look for answers to different types of questions. How do our eyes, ears, noses, gather information about the world? How does the mind pay attention to some aspects of the world but ignore others? How do we learn new information? How is it that we can recall where we parked the car an hour ago? How do we make decisions? These topics came to dominate discussions in this field even more with Cognitive Psychology replacing Behaviourism as the dominant view in psychology from the 1960s onwards. The field of Linguistics examines issues such as how do children learn language? How is this different from when adults learn a second language? How do we make sense of
2 sentences we ve heard for the very first time? The study of language thus also becomes a means of understanding how the mind works. Anthropologists carry out research into different cultures; trying to understand how people from different cultures are similar in some ways and the extent to which they differ in others. The study of practices, traditions and rituals in different cultures has resulted in the development of theories about the basic principles of the mind. That philosophy, psychology, linguistics and anthropology have all contributed to our understanding of the mind, might on reflection not appear that surprising they are all fields that have human beings at their core. However, arguably the greatest impetus to the birth of cognitive science and a greater understanding of the mind came from advances in computer science and artificial intelligence. The development of the theory of computability and the invention of programmable computers dramatically changed the way people thought about the brain and the mind. Throughout history there has been a tendency to compare the human brain to all sorts of man-made machines; from steam-engines, the telegraph, telephone, accordion, harpsichord and even the jukebox (Boden, 2006). It was therefore perhaps to be expected that the most advanced machine of the day is used as a model of the brain. With the advent of the programmable computer, the idea of the brain as hardware and the mind as software took hold. The view of the human mind as an information processor became widely accepted and radically changed the way we view the mind. It also proved to be the unifying idea that brought together the various disciplines that had up to that point been following their separate roads to exploring the mind, and gave birth to cognitive science. One key assumption that distinguishes the cognitive science approach to the study of mind is that when one considers human cognitive activities (such as thinking or remembering) one needs to speak about mental representations (thoughts, memories) and to use a level of analysis that is separate from the biological or neurological (Gardner, 1987). It is fair to say that there is some debate on the extent to which the concept of brain as computer can be useful - certainly our brain is nothing like the computers we have sitting on our desks - and the initial enthusiasm for this idea has waned even among leading cognitivists (e.g., see Boden, 2006 p1220). Nevertheless the underlying idea inspired a generation of researchers that were instrumental in the establishing of cognitive science, and has permitted us to explore brain and mind further than we would have been able to do without it. It is now routine practice for computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to be used in medicine. These now commonly used techniques have revolutionised one of the original contributing disciplines of cognitive science: Neuroscience the field of study that seeks to understand the structure and function of the brain. Previously, the study of living human brains was severely limited; it was largely confined to the study of patients with brain deficits, and examination and stimulation of the brain during brain surgery. All other studies on the human brain had to be carried out post mortem. Further refinement of the MRI technique in the middle of the 1990s led to the introduction of functional MRI that allows us to measure brain function in healthy human beings at all ages, repeatedly and safely. Whilst in the past we could only observe people s actions and measure their performance on tests in terms of how fast they were or how accurate, functional MRI allows us to observe brain function during these actions.
3 The impact of the new brain-imaging techniques on all those disciplines involved in the study of the mind and the brain was enormous. Not only has functional MRI become the must have methodology in a host of different fields but it has also increased the need for interdisciplinary collaboration. The interdisciplinary collaboration that takes place in cognitive science is very wide ranging. Philosophers, psychologists and medical researchers investigate the often subtle cognitive changes brought about by normal aging in addition to the more dramatic, distinctive changes brought about by disorders such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer s disease. Philosophers engage in research with neuroscientists who produce images of the actual pattern of activity in the brain when people read, look at different pictures, encode and retrieve memories and perform other cognitive tasks. Experimental psychologist, neuroscientists and philosophers work together to investigate how a false memory can be implanted that is stronger than the memory of things actually seen (Tang, 1999). There are also many illustrations of how the knowledge and discoveries in one discipline can have applications in another field as well as helping us to explain the everyday and the familiar. Those of us who have visited a Chinese restaurant often comment on the fact that Chinese food has so much more flavour; and we usually attribute this to the cooking process employed and the ingredients used. But there s another reason after one minute of continuous eating our taste buds adapt. After that, food tends to lose its initial burst of flavour. But if you keep switching between different foods as you typically do when eating in Chinese restaurants your taste buds don t adapt and you have fresh bursts of flavour throughout the meal. A related mechanism sensory adaptation - is widely known to marketing and advertising practitioners; if advertising is repeated very often we tend to get so used to it that we no longer see it and advertisers need to devise different, more exciting ads to keep the flavour flowing to our senses. Research findings from some of the cognitive sciences have been applied to questions that concern many parents and teachers. Why is it that children who are otherwise smart and motivated, and are properly taught have difficulties in learning how to read and write? In some cases dyslexia can be the cause. Famous successful dyslexics have included Leonardo Da Vinci (allegedly), Albert Einstein, Walt Disney, Winston Churchill and Richard Branson. Possible underlying biological causes in some cases of dyslexia have been identified by combining findings from studies in different fields and using different methodologies. For example, one study involved the post mortem comparison of the brains of dyslexics and nondyslexics (Livingstone et al, 1991) whilst another study used functional MRI that examined dyslexics and non-dyslexics while they viewed pictures of moving objects (Eden et al, 1996). These and similar findings point to some dyslexics having enhanced perceptions of shapes, colours, vowels and bass tones which might explain why many dyslexics become artists, poets and musicians (Ratey, 2001). Cross-disciplinary collaborations are not always given a warm welcome by all. One very recent interdisciplinary field has produced fears in some people that advertisers will soon be able to control what we think and what we do to such an extent that we will end up with armies of consumer zombies. These apocalyptic visions were produced by the birth of a new area of collaborative research called neuromarketing. This new discipline seeks to apply the methods and findings of cognitive psychology and neuroscience to analyze and understand human
4 behaviour in marketing situations. The early predictions of the possibility of mind-control by advertisers proved to be exaggerated and unfounded. Research in neuromarketing focuses on trying to gain further understanding of questions that have long been of interest in marketing (Senior & Lee, 2008). A recent functional MRI study (Plassmann et al, 2008) in this area gives us a flavour of the sort of investigations that are undertaken. In this study participants tasted samples of red wine (Cabernet Sauvignon) and were told the price of the wine. They were asked to rate the pleasantness of each wine while their brain was scanned using functional MRI. Regardless of the real cost of the wine, people reported a more pleasant tasting experience if they were told that the wine costs more. Activity in the reward-related regions in the brain also increased when the participants believed they were drinking more expensive wine. This is evidence that marketing action (price, in this case) unrelated to the actual taste sensation can actually affect consumers subjective perception of pleasantness. As an area of academic study in its own right, cognitive science is still relatively young. The University of California, San Diego was the first university in the world to establish a cognitive science department in 1986 and the first PhD in Cognitive Science was awarded in 1991 by Lund University. There is as yet no department of cognitive science at the University of Malta, nor do we offer a program in cognitive science. This is not to say that there is no expertise in cognitive science at the University of Malta. Far from it, many of the contributing disciplines of cognitive science have thriving departments - we do very well in describing individual parts of the elephant. It is unfortunate that the expertise that is found in these departments is not yet being harnessed in an interdisciplinary venture on cognitive science within the University of Malta. Sometimes we find ourselves in the rather absurd situation that we are collaborating with colleagues from other disciplines outside Malta but not with colleagues in those same disciplines within our own University. I conclude by expressing the hope that the University authorities would encourage and support initiatives for departments to work more closely together in the exciting field of cognitive science let us switch on the light and see what that elephant is really like. References Boden, M. A. (2006). Mind as Machine: A history of Cognitive Science. New York: Oxford University Press Gardner, H. (1987). The mind s new science. BasicBooks. Miller, G.A. (2003). The cognitive revolution: A historical perspective. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 7, Plassmann, H., O Doherty, J., Shiv, B., Rangel, A. (2008) Marketing actions can modulate neural representations of experienced pleasantness. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105, Ratey, J. (2001). A user s guide to the brain. London: Abacus Senior, C. & Lee, N. (2008). Editorial: A manifesto for neuromarketing science. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7, Tang, P.C.L. (1999). Recent literature on Cognitive Science. The Social Science Journal, 36(4), p
5 Jesuits Church, Valletta 24 th November 2009
Cognitive & Linguistic Sciences. What is cognitive science anyway? Why is it interdisciplinary? Why do we need to learn about information processors?
Cognitive & Linguistic Sciences What is cognitive science anyway? Why is it interdisciplinary? Why do we need to learn about information processors? Heather Bortfeld Education: BA: University of California,
More informationSlide 1. Psychology 386b Fundamentals of Cognitive Science. Slide 2 Cognitive Science?
Slide 1 Psychology 386b Fundamentals of Cognitive Science Instructor: Kevin D. Johnston Office: Rm. 6254 SSC E-Mail: kjohnsto@uwo.ca Slide 2 Cognitive Science? This course deals with the field of Cognitive
More informationOxford Foundation for Theoretical Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence
Oxford Foundation for Theoretical Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence Oxford Foundation for Theoretical Neuroscience and Artificial Intelligence For over two millennia, philosophers and scientists
More informationPositive Psychologists on Positive Psychology: Alex Linley
, A. (2012). Positive Psychologists on Positive Psychology: Alex Linley, International Journal of Wellbeing, 2(2), 83 87. doi:10.5502/ijw.v2i2.4 EXPERT INSIGHT Positive Psychologists on Positive Psychology:
More informationDesign Methodology. 4th year 1 nd Semester. M.S.C. Madyan Rashan. Room No Academic Year
College of Engineering Department of Interior Design Design Methodology 4th year 1 nd Semester M.S.C. Madyan Rashan Room No. 313 Academic Year 2018-2019 Course Name Course Code INDS 315 Lecturer in Charge
More informationEXPERT INTERVIEW Diabetes Distress:
EXPERT INTERVIEW Diabetes Distress: A real and normal part of diabetes Elizabeth Snouffer with Lawrence Fisher Living successfully with type 1 or type 2 diabetes requires the very large task of managing
More informationof the individual maps looked like the average map. But most didn t look like the average map at all.
In 2002, UC Santa Barbara neuroscientist Michael Miller conducted a study of verbal memory. One by one, sixteen participants lay down in an fmri brain scanner and were shown a set of words. After a rest
More information2 Psychological Processes : An Introduction
2 Psychological Processes : An Introduction 2.1 Introduction In our everyday life we try to achieve various goals through different activities, receive information from our environment, learn about many
More informationImperial Festival Evaluation Highlights
Imperial Festival 2017 Evaluation Highlights July 2017 Imperial Festival is an annual event held by Imperial College London. Described on the Imperial website as a weekend dedicated to sharing the best
More informationMetamorphosis: An Exploration into the Question of Personal Identity and Continuity of Self
Philosophy Higher Level Coursework Metamorphosis: An Exploration into the Question of Personal Identity and Continuity of Self Link with the syllabus: Core Theme Personal Identity Word Count: 1,962 Stimulus
More informationECTA Handouts Keynote Address. Affective Education. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Affective Education. Affective Education 19/06/2010
ECTA Handouts Keynote Address ECTA: International Trends in Behavioural Guidance Approaches 26 th June 2010 Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Affective Development (maturity, vocabulary and repair). Cognitive
More informationIntroducing Psychology $
Introducing Psychology $ INFLUENTIAL FIGURES IN THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOLOGY The formal study of Psychology dates from the late 1880s. The first proper Psychologists were Wilhelm Wundt, William James and
More informationThe 6 Vital Keys to Turn Visualization Into Manifestation
The 6 Vital Keys to Turn Visualization Into Manifestation Tom Nicoli, BCH, CI, CPC Master Visionary If you find something of value in this report, instead of passing on the PDF, would you be so kind as
More informationGuide to the Focus in Mind, Brain, Behavior For History and Science Concentrators Science and Society Track Honors Eligible
Guide to the Focus in Mind, Brain, Behavior For History and Science Concentrators Science and Society Track Honors Eligible 2017-2018 Department of the History of Science Science Center 371 The Focus in
More informationThis is an edited transcript of a telephone interview recorded in March 2010.
Sound Advice This is an edited transcript of a telephone interview recorded in March 2010. Dr. Patricia Manning-Courtney is a developmental pediatrician and is director of the Kelly O Leary Center for
More informationThe KEYHOLE Early Intervention Programme in Autism Spectrum Disorder. Booklet 4. Interaction. Facebook: /AutismNI
The KEYHOLE Early Intervention Programme in Autism Spectrum Disorder Booklet 4 Interaction Facebook: /AutismNI Twitter: @AutismNIPAPA THE KEYHOLE EARLY INTERVENTION PROGRAMME IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER
More informationQ: What can you tell us about the work you do and your involvement with children with autism?
If you know one person with autism, you know one person with autism April is Autism Awareness & Acceptance month and in an attempt to further educate the public about autism, Catriona Monthy, a registered
More informationPerceived Value. The added value of Marketing for consumers. decode Science Update December Seite 1
Perceived Value The added value of Marketing for consumers decode Science Update December 2010 Seite 1 Welcome to the decode Science Update Marketing often receives bad publicity. Journalists and consumer
More informationStep 2 Challenging negative thoughts "Weeding"
Managing Automatic Negative Thoughts (ANTs) Step 1 Identifying negative thoughts "ANTs" Step 2 Challenging negative thoughts "Weeding" Step 3 Planting positive thoughts 'Potting" Step1 Identifying Your
More informationDeveloping Intellectual Character
Developing Intellectual Character 2016-2017 One of our main aims at King Henry VIII School is to allow young people to be the best that they can be in whatever activity they choose. We believe that children
More information(Thomas Lenarz) Ok, thank you, thank you very much for inviting me to be here and speak to you, on cochlear implant technology.
(Thomas Lenarz) Ok, thank you, thank you very much for inviting me to be here and speak to you, on cochlear implant technology. I want to briefly mention what hearing loss is. And what a cochlear implant
More informationAPPENDIX 4. Captive versus Noncaptive Audiences How the Idea Originated
APPENDIX 4 Captive versus Noncaptive Audiences How the Idea Originated 244 Appendix 4 Captive and Noncaptive Audiences A Story about How I Arrived at the Idea and What I Mean by It ADAPTED FROM: Ham, Sam
More informationChoose an approach for your research problem
Choose an approach for your research problem This course is about doing empirical research with experiments, so your general approach to research has already been chosen by your professor. It s important
More informationExplaining the Rationale for Trauma-Focused Work: Why it s Good to Talk
Explaining the Rationale for Trauma-Focused Work: Why it s Good to Talk David Trickey Consultant Clinical Psychologist Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families Memories of traumatic events
More informationNCFE Level 2 Certificate in The Principles of Dementia Care
The Principles of Dementia Care S A M P LE NCFE Level 2 Certificate in The Principles of Dementia Care Part A 1 These learning resources and assessment questions have been approved and endorsed by ncfe
More informationChapter 1. Lesson 2. Leadership Reshuffled. What You Will Learn to Do. Linked Core Abilities. Skills and Knowledge You Will Gain Along the Way
Lesson 2 Leadership Reshuffled Key Terms approach What You Will Learn to Do Compare leadership styles Linked Core Abilities Take responsibility for your actions and choices Treat self and others with respect
More informationTable of Contents. Introduction. Introduction Helen s Early Years Helen Gets a Teacher Teaching Years Pay Off...
Helen Keller Helen Keller Table of Contents Introduction... 4 Helen s Early Years... 6 Helen Gets a Teacher... 7 Teaching Years Pay Off.... 10 Helen s Adult Years... 14 Glossary... 16 Index... 16 Introduction
More informationa new field of marketing research that studies consumers' sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli.
is a new field of marketing research that studies consumers' sensorimotor, cognitive, and affective response to marketing stimuli. Researchers use technologies such as functional magnetic resonance imaging
More informationCognitive Science (COG SCI)
University of California, Berkeley 1 Cognitive Science (COG SCI) Courses Expand all course descriptions [+]Collapse all course descriptions [-] COG SCI 1 Introduction to Cognitive Science 4 Terms offered:
More informationPractical Brain-Focused Strategies for Working with Depression
Practical Brain-Focused Strategies for Working with Depression Video 4 - Transcript - pg. 1 Practical Brain-Focused Strategies for Working with Depression How to Ignite the Depression-Battling Part of
More informationPsyc 3705, Cognition--Introduction Sept. 13, 2013
Cognitive Psychology: Introduction COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY The domain of Cognitive Psychology A brief history of Cognitive Psychology Professor: Dana R. Murphy, Ph.D. Meeting times: Fridays 9 AM to 11:50
More informationHow to Foster Post-Traumatic Growth
How to Foster Post-Traumatic Growth Module 7, Part 2 - Transcript - pg. 1 How to Foster Post-Traumatic Growth Two Ways to Ignite Accelerated Growth Part 2: How Your Choice of Language Can Transform an
More informationP O D C A S T Transcript. Dr. Gary Small. Author of 2 Weeks to a Younger Brain
P O D C A S T Transcript Dr. Gary Small Author of 2 Weeks to a Younger Brain Dr. Small, what is your first memory of being interested in the subject of memory? Well, I think I got interested in it when
More informationImpact! How coaching is making a difference. Coaching for Rapid Impact Gardening for Growth Impacts from Coaching TED Fellows VOLUME 13 NUMBER 3
coaching MASTERY Gestalt-based coaching roi of training coaching abundance Impact! How coaching is making a difference Coaching for Rapid Impact Gardening for Growth Impacts from Coaching TED Fellows VOLUME
More informationInvolving people with autism: a guide for public authorities
People with autism frequently don t receive the services and support that they need and they are usually excluded from the planning and development of services and policies. This needs to change. This
More informationOverall, we would like to thank all the speakers for their presentations. They were all very interesting and thought-provoking.
Balancing Risk and the Therapeutic Alliance in Offender Rehabilitation: A Day of Presentations and Discussions Notes of discussions by Dr Zarah Vernham Overall, we would like to thank all the speakers
More informationConsider the following aspects of human intelligence: consciousness, memory, abstract reasoning
All life is nucleic acid. The rest is commentary. Isaac Asimov Consider the following aspects of human intelligence: consciousness, memory, abstract reasoning and emotion. Discuss the relative difficulty
More informationTRANFORMING SAFETY WITH NEUROSCIENCE. Because the brain is a powerful tool
TRANFORMING SAFETY WITH NEUROSCIENCE. Because the brain is a powerful tool WELCOME WHAT IS NEUROSCIENCE? The scientific study of the nervous system Traditionally seen as a branch of biology Currently an
More informationIntroduction to NLP. Dr Alan Jones PhD. Inspire NLP 2016
Introduction to NLP Dr Alan Jones PhD Inspire NLP 2016 alanjonesnlp@gmail.com The four minute rule You never get a second chance to make a first impression Making your mind-up FIRST IMPRESSIONS less than
More informationNew Mexico TEAM Professional Development Module: Autism
[Slide 1]: Welcome Welcome to the New Mexico TEAM technical assistance module on making eligibility determinations under the category of autism. This module will review the guidance of the NM TEAM section
More informationEmotional Intelligence and NLP for better project people Lysa
Emotional Intelligence and NLP for better project people Lysa Morrison @lysam8 Copyright 2015 Lysa Morrison Reasons projects fail Three of the most common causes of project failure according to the National
More informationChapter 7: Cognitive Aspects of Personality. Copyright Allyn & Bacon (2009)
Chapter 7: Cognitive Aspects of Personality Roots in Gestalt Psychology Human beings seek meaning in their environments We organize the sensations we receive into meaningful perceptions Complex stimuli
More informationWhy we get hungry: Module 1, Part 1: Full report
Why we get hungry: Module 1, Part 1: Full report Print PDF Does Anyone Understand Hunger? Hunger is not simply a signal that your stomach is out of food. It s not simply a time when your body can switch
More informationhomeinstead.com Each Home Instead Senior Care franchise office is independently owned and operated Home Instead, Inc.
Each Home Instead Senior Care franchise office is independently owned and operated. 2010 Home Instead, Inc. homeinstead.com Many of us may joke about having old timers disease, but when cognitive impairment
More informationTHE MAKING OF MEMORIES. November 2016
THE MAKING OF MEMORIES Contents 03 Remember me? Increasing customer preference by turning moments into memories. 04 Not all experiences are created equal 05 Thanks for the memory 06 What we can learn from
More informationInterview with Jochen Kaiser February 2006
Interview with Jochen Kaiser February 2006 Jochen, you have just recently been appointed a professorship in medical psychology at the University of Frankfurt, Germany. How did you become a psychophysiologist
More informationThe Cognitive Approach
WJEC Psychology A-level The Cognitive Approach Notes Part 1 An Introduction to The Cognitive Approach A01 Introduction and Assumptions: Assumes that the scientific and objective study of internal mental
More informationComments on David Rosenthal s Consciousness, Content, and Metacognitive Judgments
Consciousness and Cognition 9, 215 219 (2000) doi:10.1006/ccog.2000.0438, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on Comments on David Rosenthal s Consciousness, Content, and Metacognitive Judgments
More informationBALANCE EXERCISES FACTSHEET
London Road Reading RG1 5AN BALANCE EXERCISES FACTSHEET If you need balance exercises (vestibular rehabilitation) your audiologist will devise a tailored package of exercises to meet your specific needs.
More informationImproving Physical Health and Reducing Substance Use in Severe Mental Illness (IMPaCT) A case study on carer involvement in mental health research
Improving Physical Health and Reducing Substance Use in Severe Mental Illness (IMPaCT) A case study on carer involvement in mental health research 2013 Acknowledgements This case study was written by Dr
More informationSpeak Out! Sam Trychin, Ph.D. Copyright 1990, Revised Edition, Another Book in the Living With Hearing Loss series
Speak Out! By Sam Trychin, Ph.D. Another Book in the Living With Hearing Loss series Copyright 1990, Revised Edition, 2004 Table of Contents Introduction...1 Target audience for this book... 2 Background
More informationStephen Madigan PhD madigan.ca Vancouver School for Narrative Therapy
Stephen Madigan PhD www.stephen madigan.ca Vancouver School for Narrative Therapy Re-authoring Conversations Psychologist Jerome Bruner 1 (1989) suggests that within our selection of stories expressed,
More informationExplaining an Explanatory Gap Gilbert Harman Princeton University
Explaining an Explanatory Gap Gilbert Harman Princeton University Discussions of the mind-body problem often refer to an explanatory gap (Levine 1983) between some aspect of our conscious mental life and
More informationViews of autistic adults on assessment in the early years
Views of autistic adults on what should be assessed and how assessment should be conducted on children with autism in the early years Summary of autistic adults views on assessment 1. Avoid drawing negative
More informationDavid Trickey Consultant Clinical Psychologist & Trauma Specialist, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families
David Trickey Consultant Clinical Psychologist & Trauma Specialist, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families Explaining the rationale for trauma-focused work: Why it s good to talk. If a traumatic
More informationIntroduction to cognitive science Session 1: Introduction
Introduction to cognitive science Session 1: Introduction Martin Takáč Centre for cognitive science DAI FMFI Comenius University in Bratislava Príprava štúdia matematiky a informatiky na FMFI UK v anglickom
More informationUnit 3: EXPLORING YOUR LIMITING BELIEFS
Unit 3: EXPLORING YOUR LIMITING BELIEFS Beliefs and Emotions Bring to mind a negative belief you hold about money. Perhaps it is I don t believe I can win with money or Money is hard to come by. While
More informationIn 1980, a new term entered our vocabulary: Attention deficit disorder. It
In This Chapter Chapter 1 AD/HD Basics Recognizing symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Understanding the origins of AD/HD Viewing AD/HD diagnosis and treatment Coping with AD/HD in your
More informationChildren with cochlear implants: parental perspectives. Parents points of view
: parental perspectives Parents points of view Introduction In this booklet, we summarise the views of parents of children with cochlear implants. These parents completed a lengthy questionnaire about
More informationBehaviorism: An essential survival tool for practitioners in autism
Behaviorism: An essential survival tool for practitioners in autism What we re going to do today 1. Review the role of radical behaviorism (RB) James M. Johnston, Ph.D., BCBA-D National Autism Conference
More informationSubliminal Messages: How Do They Work?
Subliminal Messages: How Do They Work? You ve probably heard of subliminal messages. There are lots of urban myths about how companies and advertisers use these kinds of messages to persuade customers
More informationStudy Guide for Why We Overeat and How to Stop Copyright 2017, Elizabeth Babcock, LCSW
Study Guide for Why We Overeat and How to Stop Copyright 2017, Elizabeth Babcock, LCSW This book can be discussed in many different ways. Whatever feels productive and enlightening for you and/or your
More informationA Direct Object of Perception
E-LOGOS Electronic Journal for Philosophy 2015, Vol. 22(1) 28 36 ISSN 1211-0442 (DOI 10.18267/j.e-logos.411),Peer-reviewed article Journal homepage: e-logos.vse.cz A Direct Object of Perception Mika Suojanen
More informationFeeling. Thinking. My Result: My Result: My Result: My Result:
Source of Energy [P]erception of Info [J]udgment of Info External Lifestyle Where You Process How You Inform How You Make How Others See Your Decision-Making Extraverted intuitive Feeling Judging Introvert
More informationCohesive Writing Module: Introduction
Cohesive Writing Module: Introduction Introduction In this module, we will examine elements of academic writing that contribute to making a piece of writing cohesive. When you are writing assignments at
More informationCohesive Writing. Unit 1 Paragraph Structure INDEPENDENT LEARNING RESOURCES. Learning Centre
Cohesive Writing Unit 1 Paragraph Structure INDEPENDENT LEARNING RESOURCES Learning Centre Unit 1 PARAGRAPH STRUCTURE OBJECTIVES OF THIS UNIT After you have completed this unit, we hope you will be able
More informationTHE INSPIRED LIVING MINDFULNESS MEDITATION PROGRAMME
THE INSPIRED LIVING MINDFULNESS MEDITATION PROGRAMME 1 Foreword More and more research is proving that Mindfulness can help us to overcome addictions, stress, fear, anxiety and even depression. Mindfulness
More informationPSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II
PSYC 441 Cognitive Psychology II Session 4 Background of Object Recognition Lecturer: Dr. Benjamin Amponsah, Dept., of Psychology, UG, Legon Contact Information: bamponsah@ug.edu.gh College of Education
More informationWHAT IS STRESS? increased muscle tension increased heart rate increased breathing rate increase in alertness to the slightest touch or sound
EXAM STRESS WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is part of the body s natural response to a perceived threat. We all experience it from time to time. When we feel under threat, our bodies go into fight or flight response,
More informationIntrinsic Motivation Workbook
Intrinsic Motivation Workbook You do not have resell rights to this ebook. All rights reserved. Unauthorised resell or copying of this material is unlawful. No portion of this ebook may be copied or resold
More informationPsychology as a Science of Design in Engineering
Proceedings of the British Psychological Society (vol. 7, No. 2) and the Bulletin of the Scottish Branch of the British Psychological Society in 1999. Psychology as a Science of Design in Engineering Patrik
More informationmaterial objects, ritual, institutions, and art, from one generation to the next. 1 People may find
Kimberly Owens COMM 365 Paper #1 A culture can define a person by totaling a person s attitudes, customs, and beliefs that distinguishes one group of people from another. Culture is transmitted, through
More informationBounceability. By Liggy Webb
Bounceability By Liggy Webb I have just finished writing my new book Resilience (Published by Capstone Wiley - February 2013) and found the research enlightening. This involved interviewing some extraordinary
More informationSynthetic Biology from End-to-End
Synthetic Biology from End-to-End Responsible Research and Innovation @AndyBalmer Sociology & Morgan Centre & SYNBIOCHEM University of Manchester Responsible Research and Innovation 2013 EPSRC Framework
More informationManaging conversations around mental health. Blue Light Programme mind.org.uk/bluelight
Managing conversations around mental health Blue Light Programme 1 Managing conversations around mental health Managing conversations about mental wellbeing Find a quiet place with an informal atmosphere,
More informationTHE LISTENING QUESTIONNAIRE TLQ For Parents and Teachers of Students Ages 7 through 17 Years
THE LISTENING QUESTIONNAIRE TLQ For Parents and Teachers of Students Ages 7 through 17 Years Instructions: This questionnaire reviews a student s everyday listening skills. Language, attention, and auditory
More informationEmbodied Self-Awareness
WELL-BEING & TRAUMA RECOVERY PRACTICES A Three-Day Workshop in Embodied Self-Awareness with Alan Fogel PhD, LMT Friday 10th April - Sunday 12th April 2015 Recent research into the physiological and neurological
More informationTelling Our Stories, Healing Our Hearts. BIAMA Keynote Address. March 26, I recently read Viktor Frankl s book Man s Search for
Telling Our Stories, Healing Our Hearts BIAMA Keynote Address March 26, 2015 I recently read Viktor Frankl s book Man s Search for Meaning. For those of you who don t know Viktor Frankl was a neurologist
More informationPhilosophy of Psychology
Philosophy of Psychology Psychology as a Science What is a science? Root of science is scio to know But there are many domains of knowledge that are not considered sciences (although they may make use
More informationAI and Philosophy. Gilbert Harman. Thursday, October 9, What is the difference between people and other animals?
AI and Philosophy Gilbert Harman Thursday, October 9, 2008 A Philosophical Question about Personal Identity What is it to be a person? What is the difference between people and other animals? Classical
More informationIntro to Perception. Dr. Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Spring 2017, Princeton University
Intro to Perception Dr. Jonathan Pillow Sensation & Perception (PSY 345 / NEU 325) Spring 2017, Princeton University Time: Tues / Thurs 10-10:50am. Location: PNI A32. Sensation and Perception Fall 2017
More informationYou re listening to an audio module from BMJ Learning. Hallo. I'm Anna Sayburn, Senior Editor with the BMJ Group s Consumer Health Team.
Transcript of learning module Shared decision making (Dur: 26' 13") Contributors: Anna Sayburn and Alf Collins Available online at: http://learning.bmj.com/ V/O: You re listening to an audio module from
More informationACCTG 533, Section 1: Module 2: Causality and Measurement: Lecture 1: Performance Measurement and Causality
ACCTG 533, Section 1: Module 2: Causality and Measurement: Lecture 1: Performance Measurement and Causality Performance Measurement and Causality Performance Measurement and Causality: We ended before
More informationHow to Work with the Patterns That Sustain Depression
How to Work with the Patterns That Sustain Depression Module 5.2 - Transcript - pg. 1 How to Work with the Patterns That Sustain Depression How the Grieving Mind Fights Depression with Marsha Linehan,
More informationA moment's insight is sometimes worth a life's experience.
By Angela Spaxman, Business and Career Coach, Director of Spaxman Ltd., Coach Training Expert for Progress-U Ltd. A moment's insight is sometimes worth a life's experience. -- Oliver Wendell Holmes US
More informationDr. Gigi Osler Inaugural address Dr. Gigi Osler President Canadian Medical Association Winnipeg, Man. August 22, 2018 Check against delivery
Speech Dr. Gigi Osler Inaugural address Dr. Gigi Osler President Canadian Medical Association Winnipeg, Man. August 22, 2018 Check against delivery Good morning everyone and thank you. Before I begin,
More informationIntro to Soc EXAM 1 Choose the BEST answer!
Intro to Soc EXAM 1 Choose the BEST answer! 1. A basic tenet of sociology is that human behavior is a. shaped by social interaction. b. genetically driven. c. in greatest part driven by psychological drives.
More informationSEPTEMBER 2010 Recovery discussion Topic Boundaries
SEPTEMBER 2010 Recovery discussion Topic Boundaries One of the differences between Peers and other clinical staff is the language that we use. Peer based learning and literature talks about people and
More informationPhilosophy of Psychology. Psychology as a Science
Philosophy of Psychology Psychology as a Science What is a science? Root of science is scio to know But there are many domains of knowledge that are not considered sciences (although they may make use
More informationthe facts AUTISM There s a lot of confusion on In the first of our three-part series on autism, Rebecca Simpson explains what autism is and isn t.
AUTISM the facts In the first of our three-part series on autism, Rebecca Simpson explains what autism is and isn t. There s a lot of confusion on parenting forums about the causes of autism, which makes
More informationDamasio s error. Aaron Sloman. (In The Philosophy Magazine 2004)
Damasio s error Aaron Sloman (In The Philosophy Magazine 2004) In 1994 Antonio Damasio, a well known neuroscientist, published his book Descartes Error. He argued that emotions are needed for intelligence,
More informationAutistic Spectrum Disorder
Autistic Spectrum Disorder Information and advice Springhallow School What are your expectations from today s session? The aim of today s session is to provide an overview of how autism may affect your
More informationOverview. Meeting Length 90 minutes. Senses [Meeting 1]
Overview Girls have fun exploring their five senses and how they use them in everyday life. They also learn about what life would be like without one of their senses. Note to Volunteers A few agenda activities
More informationTOGETHER. Vision. Determined. Grateful. Inspired. We invite you to be a part of VCB and join us on this journey. TWO ONE THREE
Vision TOGETHER VCB Helping Those with Vision Loss 2018 ONE Grateful TWO Inspired THREE Determined Every year, Valley Center for the Blind helps hundreds of people who are experiencing vision loss live
More informationPSYCHOLOGY UNDERSTANDING BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR
PSYCHOLOGY UNDERSTANDING BRAIN AND BEHAVIOUR PSYCHOLOGY PROGRAM DISC O VER WHY WE ARE WHO WE ARE PSYCHOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF THE BRAIN, BEHAVIOUR, AND THE MIND. WE EXPLORE QUESTIONS RELATED TO MEMORY AND
More informationOverview: First, here are the rules:
Concept: Students reports of their dream life vary from some saying they never dream to others describing vivid dreams on a frequent basis. You can more closely evaluate your dream life by completing this
More informationLearning Theories Reviewed
Learning Theories Reviewed Applications and Challenges Howie Fine 1 Applications of Classical Conditioning 1 Watson (1921) - Little Albert - demonstrated that classical conditioning accounts for some cases
More informationTeaching Family and Friends in Your Community
2 CHAPTER Teaching Family and Friends in Your Community 9 Old people can remember when there were fewer problems with teeth and gums. Children s teeth were stronger and adults kept their teeth longer.
More informationLesson 5 Sensation, Perception, Memory, and The Conscious Mind
Lesson 5 Sensation, Perception, Memory, and The Conscious Mind Introduction: Connecting Your Learning The beginning of Bloom's lecture concludes his discussion of language development in humans and non-humans
More informationMULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1.1 Which of the following movements is not considered to have fostered an early interest in the investigation of learning processes? (a) evolutionary theory (b) rationalism (c)
More information