Fit your brain with physical activity

Transcription

1 Fit your brain with physical activity Is it worth the sweat? Saïd Mekary, PhD Assistant Professor, School of Kinesiology Director, Acadia Active Aging Acadia University 29th Provincial Conference CHAMPIONING CHANGE IN DEMENTIA CARE OCTOBER 22ND & 23RD, 2018 DARTMOUTH, NOVA SCOTIA

2 Cardiovascular Disease Blood Pressure Cognition Diabetes Cancer Arthritis COPD Physical Activity Obesity Mental Health Stroke Alzheimer Cholesterol Asthma

3 We Have Always "Needed" Physical Activity Gatherers: 9-15 km/day Hunters ran another 20-50km/week (Lieberman et al., Nature 2004, 2010) (National Geographic, Dec 2010) Stationary Farmers > 8hrs / day of MVPA <4 hrs / day sedentary Amish: 14-18,000 steps/day (low obesity 0-9%) (Bassett et al., MMSE 2004) Today in 3 rd world countries, 50% of women walk > 5 km each day for water

4 Evolution Teaches We are also programmed for pleasure and efficiency!!

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6 Leading Causes of Death in the U.S. The 15 leading causes of death in 2013 were: 1. Heart Disease 2. Malignant neoplasms (cancer) 3. Chronic lower respiratory diseases 4. Cerebrovascular diseases (stroke) 5. Accidents (unintentional injuries) 6. Alzheimer s disease 7. Diabetes 8. Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome and nephrosis (kidney disease) 9. Influenza and pneumonia 10. Intentional self-harm (suicide) 11. Septicemia 12. Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis 13. Essential hypertension and hypertensive renal disease 14. Parkinson s disease 15. Pneumonitis due to solids and liquids

7 Occupational Metabolic Energy Expenditure % Year Service Jobs Goods Producing Jobs Agricultural Jobs Occupation Related Daily Energy Expenditure (calories) 1,550 1,450 1,350 1,250 1, Year Men -140 daily kcals Women -120 daily kcals % Total Private US Jobs Light (2.0 to 2.9 METS) Sedentary (<2 METS) Moderate ( 3.0 METS) Year Church TS et al. PLoS One 2011

8 We Do Have Guidelines

9 But Who Follows Them? Canadians reporting Mod-Vig PA = 52 % Canadians actually attaining PA criteria Average > steps/day = 35% > 150 min MVPA/week = 15% 30 min MVPA, 5 out of 7 days = 5% Sedentary : 10h /day!!

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12 Significance of Human Aging People live longer now than ever before Fertility Rates have declined since (3.9 children/women children/women 2009) Seniors are now more numerous than children in Canada

13 Aging in Canada Aging Population will increase from 4.2 to 4.9 million by % of our population will be 65 or older in 2025 Octogenarians will triple in 2050 In Nova Scotia By 2025, the proportion of seniors in NS will have reached 25 % In the Annapolis Valley 46% of the population is aged 50 or older

14 We do not stop exercising because we grow old we grow old because we stop exercising

15 Fauja Singh- England World Record >100 yrs old Marathon 8:25:28 Toronto Average speed: 11:59 /km Current WR: 2:02: 57 Dennis Kimetto Ruth Frith, Australia World Record > 100 yrs old Shot put World Masters Games Sydney ,07 mètres Current WR: 22,63 m - Natalya Lisoyskava (RUS) Ed Whitlock - Canada World Record >70 yrs old Marathon 2:54:48 Toronto Average speed: 14,5 km/h Current WR: 2:02: 57 Dennis Kimetto

16 Poor Diet, Lack of Exercise Impede Progress on Reducing Early Deaths

17 The Role of Physical Activity and Diet eating fruit and vegetables, exercising, and avoiding smoking could lead to about 80% lower relative risk for myocardial infarction...

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20 A A portrait of cognitive aging

21 Among lifestyle factors, there is the most evidence for physical activity to protect against the deleterious effects of age on cognition and mental health

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23 Clinic Visit to Identify High Risk Older Adults Aerobic Training vs. Stretching Control Month 0 Month 6 Lumbar Puncture Brain Imaging Cognitive Assessment

24 ~ Change from Baseline ~ Stretch Aerobic

25 Areas of brain volume GROWTH in the aerobic exercise group

26 Aerobic Exercise Increases Blood Flow in Regions Compromised by Aging & AD * means adjusted for age, baseline BMI

27 Aerobic Exercise and Brain Function in Older Adults In healthy adults, brain volume increased with 6 months of aerobic exercise (blue=gm, orange=wm) (Colcombe 2006) In adults at increased risk for Alzheimer s dementia (mild cognitive impairment), exercise increased metabolic activity in regions that are compromised in the earliest stages of Alzheimer s (Porto 2016)

28 Older Adults and Cognition

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31 Exercise and Depression (Lox et al., 2014)

32 N=15,216; self reported

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35 In my practice, exercise is the first antidepressant that I would recommend Dr. Beverly Cassidy

36 Acadia Active Aging Program

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38 SCHOOL OF KINESIOLOGY CENTRE OF LIFESTYLE STUDIES

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42 Old age is like everything else. To make a success of it, you need to start young Fred Astaire

43 Thank you very much!! Dr. Said Mekary Acadia University, School of Kinesiology Director of Acadia Active Aging program Director of the Healthy Aging Laboratory